1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO/TR 12031:2000 ICS
2、37.080 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Micrographics Inspection of silver-gelatin microforms for evidence of deteriorationThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the DISC Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Commi
3、ttee and comes into effect on 15 September 2000 BSI 09-2000 ISBN 0 580 36365 1 BS ISO/TR 12031:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO/TR 12031:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participa
4、tion in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee IDT/1, Document imaging applications, to Subcommittee IDT/1/1, Quality, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation,
5、 or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which impl
6、ement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purp
7、ort to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front c
8、over, the ISO/TR title page, pages ii to vi, pages 1 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Referencenumber ISO/TR12031:2000(E) . TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 12031 Firstedition 2000-04-01 Micrographics
9、Inspectionofsilver- gelatinmicroformsforevidenceof deterioration Micrographie Inspection des microformes en argent-glatine pour mise en vidence de dtriorationISO/TR12031:2000(E) ii ISO/TR12031:2000(E)iii Contents Page Forewordv Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 References1 3 Termsanddefinitions.1 4 Inspecti
10、onconditions2 5 Equipmentandsupplies.2 5.1 General2 5.2 Lightboxandfilmrewindsfor16mmand35mmfilm2 5.3 Eyeloupe(eyeglass)2 5.4 Microscope.2 5.5 Specularlightsource2 5.6 Blackvelvet2 5.7 Inspectiongloves.2 6 Samplingmethod.3 6.1 General3 6.2 Divisionintosurveygroups.3 7 Inspectionprocedures3 7.1 Gener
11、al3 7.2 Procedureforallmicroforms.3 7.3 Checksforallmicroforms3 7.4 Additionalchecksforrollfilm4 7.5 Additionalchecksforjackets.4 7.6 Additionalchecksforaperturecards4 8 Inspectionreporting4 8.1 Classification4 8.2 Datacollection,general5 8.3 Historyanddescriptionofgrouporcollection5 8.4 Individualm
12、icroforminspectionreport.6 8.5 Dataanalysis(optional)6 9 Typesofdefects.7 9.1 General7 9.2 Microbiologicalgrowths.7 9.3 Redoxblemishes.8 9.4 Residualprocessingchemicals.8ISO/TR12031:2000(E) iv 9.5 Emulsionadhesion9 9.6 Separationoftheemulsionfromthefilmbase.9 9.7 Brittleness.9 9.8 Baseshrinkage9 10
13、Remedialaction.9 10.1 General9 10.2 Subsequentre-inspections.10 AnnexADeterminationofbasetype11 AnnexBFactorsaffectingdeterioration12 B.1 General12 B.2 Inappropriatechoiceoffilmmaterial.12 B.3 Processing12 B.3.1 Improperfixing.12 B.3.2 Improperwashing12 B.3.3 Insufficientdrying12 B.4 Improperclimati
14、cconditionsduringstorage.12 AnnexCExamplesoftypesofdefects.13 C.1 Microbiologicalgrowths13 C.2 Redoxblemishes.14 C.2.1 Exposedleader15 C.2.2 Silversheen15 C.3 Separationoftheemulsionfromthefilmbase.16ISO/TR12031:2000(E)v Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederat
15、ionofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentala
16、ndnon-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. Themaintaskoftechnicalcommitt
17、eesistoprepareInternationalStandards.DraftInternationalStandardsadopted bythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting.PublicationasanInternational Standardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. Inexceptionalcircumstances,whenatechnicalcommitteehascollecteddataof
18、adifferentkindfromthatwhichis normallypublishedasanInternationalStandard(“stateoftheart“,forexample),itmaydecidebyasimplemajority voteofitsparticipatingmemberstopublishaTechnicalReport.ATechnicalReportisentirelyinformativeinnature anddoesnothavetoberevieweduntilthedataitprovidesareconsideredtobenolo
19、ngervalidoruseful. AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisTechnicalReportmaybethesubjectofpatent rights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. ISO/TR12031waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC171, Document imaging applications, Subcommittee SC1, Qualit
20、y.ISO/TR12031:2000(E) vi Introduction ThepurposeofthisTechnicalReportistoprovideauniformmethodofselectingandinspectingsilver-gelatin microformsforevidenceofdeterioration.Improperprocessing,handling,andstorageconditionshavelongbeen knowntopromotebiologicalattackandvariousotherkindsofimagedegradation.
21、Examinationofsomelarge collectionsofmicrofilmedrecordswithinthelastdecadehasrevealedanumberofinstancesofspotblemishes. Thismaybeinfluencedbythenumberofyearsandbythenumberofdifferentprocessingconditionsused.These instancesservetofocusattentiononthefactthat,althoughfilmmaybeprocessedandstoredinthebest
22、available conditions,theonlyassurancethatsuchrecordsarebeingwellmaintainedisasystematicprogrammeofcareful inspection.Silver-gelatinmicroformswhichhavebeenmanufactured,exposed,developed,andstoredaccordingto existingstandardsandwhichhavealonglifeexpectancymaynotrequireextensiveinspection.TECHNICALREPO
23、RT ISO/TR12031:2000(E)1 MicrographicsInspectionofsilver-gelatinmicroformsfor evidenceofdeterioration 1 Scope ThisTechnicalReportappliestoallformsofsilver-gelatinmicrofilm,whetherinroll,aperturecard,jacketor microficheformat.Itdescribestheequipmentandproceduresnecessarytoidentifyandmonitordeteriorati
24、on.This informationservestoidentifytheextentandnatureoftheproblemandwillultimatelyprovideasoundbasisforany remedialactionthatmayberequired. 2 References ISO417:1993, Photography Determination of residual thiosulfate and other related chemicals in processed photographic materials Methods using iodine
25、-amylose, methylene blue and silver sulfide. ISO543:1990, Photography Photographic films Specifications for safety film. ISO2859-0:1995, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 0: Introduction to ISO 2895 attribute sampling system. ISO2859-1:1999, Sampling procedures for inspection by
26、attributes Part 1: Sampling plans indexed by acceptable quality level (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection. ISO2859-2:1985, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 2: Sampling plans indexed by limiting quality (LQ) for isolated inspection. ISO2859-3:1991, Sampling procedures for inspection
27、by attributes Part 3: Skip-lot sampling procedures. ISO5466:1996, Photography Processed safety photographic film Storage practices. ISO6196-1:1980, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 01: General terms. ISO10602:1995, Photography Processed silver-gelatin type black-and-white films Specifications for stabi
28、lity. 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposeofthisTechnicalReport,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO6196-1andthefollowingapply. 3.1 frilling separationoftheemulsionfromthefilmbaseduringinitialprocessingISO/TR12031:2000(E) 2 4 Inspectionconditions Theinspectionroomorlocationselectedforinspectionshouldbecl
29、eanwitharelativelydust-freeatmosphereand thetemperatureshouldnotexceed23Candrelativehumidityshouldnotexceed50%.Thework-topareashould becleanandfreeofobjectsandsubstancesthatmightdamagethemicrofilm. Changesintemperatureand/orhumidityduringinspectionorduringtransportationfromthefilmstoragefacilityto i
30、nspectionroomshouldbeavoided. 5 Equipmentandsupplies 5.1 General Theinspectionequipmentshouldbesuchthatthefilmcannotbedamagedduringtheinspectionprocess. 5.2 Lightboxandfilmrewindsfor16mmand35mmfilm Lightboxesofthisnatureusuallyareequippedwithalightsourcecoveredbytranslucentglassorplastic. Fluorescen
31、tlightscanbeusedtominimizetheheatbuild-upoftheinspectionstation.Tungstenortungsten- halogenlightscanalsobeused. 5.3 Eyeloupe(eyeglass) Twoeyeloupeswithmagnificationofapproximately5 and15 shouldbeused.Thelowermagnificationwill provideawiderfieldofview,whilethehighermagnificationwillallowmuchcloserins
32、pectionofspecificdefects. 5.4 Microscope Amicroscopewithamagnificationcapabilityofatleast25 and50 willberequiredforoccasionalclose examination.Afairlyintensesubstageilluminatorisessentialtopenetratethehighdensityareasoftheleaderand trailer.Amicroscopehavingasurfaceilluminatormaybehelpfulinevaluating
33、surfacecharacteristics.Acamerato takephotomicrographsofthedefectsmaybehelpfultorecordprogressionofanydeteriorationofthemicrofilm. 5.5 Specularlightsource Anotherlightsourceotherthanroomambientlightshouldbeavailabletoinspectthefilmsurfacewithandwithout magnificationforimagedegradation,scratchesandoth
34、erdefects.Thislightsourceisnecessaryformicrofiche, jackets,aperturecardsandrollfilm. 5.6 Blackvelvet Placingaswatchofblackvelvetbehindthefilmmaybeofhelpfordetectingscratches,waterspots,andabrasions. 5.7 Inspectiongloves Clean,lint-freewhitecottonornylonglovesshouldbeworntoavoidmarkingthefilmwithfing
35、erprints.These glovesshouldbeusedexclusivelyforthispurpose.Itishighlyrecommendedthattheglovesbechangedregularly.ISO/TR12031:2000(E)3 6 Samplingmethod 6.1 General Itispreferablethateachfilmbeinspected.Ifthisisnotpossible,asuitablesamplingprocedureasgivenin ISO2859shouldbeusedtoproviderepresentativeda
36、taofthetotalpopulationofthegrouporlotsample. 6.2 Divisionintosurveygroups Thecollectionshouldbedividedintogroupsofsimilartypes.Examplesofsuchsimilaritiesaregroupsstoredunder thesameconditions;similarfilmsizessuchas16mmand35mm;similarformatsandfilmtypes,i.e.jackets, aperturecards,polyesterfilm,andace
37、tatefilm;recordseriestype;etc.Asmosttypesofdeteriorationseemtobe progressivewithage,someformofseparationbydatemaybesignificant.Inalibraryorarchivessetting,an ongoingcollectionofnewspaperfilesoraseriesofbooksorprivatepapersmicrofilmedoveraspecificperiodof timecouldbeconsideredasignificantlotorgroup.
38、7 Inspectionprocedures 7.1 General Themicrofilminspectorshouldbethoroughlyfamiliarwiththevarioustypesofageingdefectsaswellasdefects normallyassociatedwithfilmprocessing(seeclause9).Theinspectorshouldalsobeawarethatolderfilmshould betreatedcarefullyuntilithasbeenestablishedthatnormalhandlingwillnotda
39、magethefilm. 7.2 Procedureforallmicroforms Bothsidesofthefilmshouldbeexamined. Rotatefilmsothatthelightreflectsoffthefilmsurface. Examinethereversesideofthefilm.Someformsofdeteriorationcanbedetectedwiththeunaidedeyeatthis initialstage. Somedefectsaremoreeasilyseenoverthelightboxes,withouttheaidofane
40、yeloupe,whileothersneedtobe viewedunderstrongermagnification.Inspectionproceduresformicroformshavinghigherreductionratiosmay requiremorecriticalevaluation. Theinspectorshouldcarefullyexaminethefilmusingbothtransmittedandreflectedlight.Todetectscratches inspectionshouldbemadethroughfilmilluminatedfro
41、mbehindandtowardblackvelvet. 7.3 Checksforallmicroforms Verifythatthebaseisnotcellulosenitrate(seeannexA.) NOTE Thebaseofsomeoldercollectionsmaybecellulosenitrate. Smellthefilm,thecarrier,andinsidethecontainerforunusualodours.Checkespeciallyforaceticodourwith triacetatebasefilm. Checktheconstitution
42、ofthefilmsurface,especiallyforscratches,coverings,fungus,orcoatingseparation. Checktoseeifstoragecontainers,suchasfilmboxes,storagecabinets,andothercontainers,showanysignsof deterioration.ISO/TR12031:2000(E) 4 7.4 Additionalchecksforrollfilm Holdingthecentreofthereelbetweenthumbandindexfinger,turnth
43、ereelwiththefreehandsothattheleader fallsfree.Ifitdoesnotfallfree,carefullydeterminethereason.Itisnotunusualforfilmthathasnotbeenunwound foralongtimeperiodtostickslightly.Iftheleaderandfollowingcoilcannotbefreedwithoutdamagingthefilm,the inspectorshouldconsultafilmspecialist. Holdingthereelinonehand
44、,unwindsufficientleadertoexaminetheblackareaintheambientroomlightfor evidenceofasilversheenontheemulsionsideofthefilm. Placetherolloffilmontherewindswiththeemulsionsidefacingup,andslowlyadvancethefilmoverthelightbox. Atapproximatelyevery3moffilm,stopthefilmtocarefullyexaminetheimageswiththeaidofthee
45、yeloupeor microscope,usingbothtransmittedandreflectedlightforevidenceofdeteriorationontheemulsionsideofthefilm. Checkrollfilmforpossibledefectivesplicesduetoimpropertapeorsplicingprocedures,andforimpropermaterial oradhesivesthatmaycausedefects. 7.5 Additionalchecksforjackets Examinethecarrierinambie
46、ntroomlight.Thechanneljoinersmaybecomeseparatedandconsequentlyunableto retaintheimagesintheproperchannel. Checkthechannelfordustandsoiling.Thechannelandfilmshouldnotsticktogether;stickingwouldindicate improperdrying,too-moiststorageconditionsorfilmsthathavebeenstoredinveryclosecontactbetweenfilm sur
47、faceandjacketmaterialsduetoveryflatsurfaces,etc. Payparticularattentiontotheimageontheextremerightedge,nexttotheloadingslotbecausethisimageisoften moreexposedtotheenvironmentair. 7.6 Additionalchecksforaperturecards Examinethecarrierinambientroomlight.Examinethecardstockforevidenceofdeterioration.So
48、meofthe adhesivesusedinolderstockmayhavenotagedwell.Inadditiontotheimagequality,theedgesofthefilmshould becheckedforpossibledeterioration. 8 Inspectionreporting 8.1 Classification Theinspectorshouldcompletetheinspectionreportform.Subjectivejudgementisrequiredtoassesstheoverall conditionratingofthefi
49、lm,usingthefollowingcategories: a) Excellent, no deterioration detectable; b) Acceptable, minor physical damage without impairment of the information; c) Poor, film shows deterioration such as discoloration: if the information is not impaired, the film can be stored again.Thefilmshould,however,becheckedeverytwoyearsforfurtherdeterioration; d) Bad, information has been impaired and a replacement silver duplicate should be made to prevent further loss ofinformation. NOTE Otherfilmsofthesameseriesormanufacturingdateshouldbecheckedfordeterioration
