1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO TR 5925-2:1997 Fire tests Smoke control door and shutter assemblies Part 2: Commentary on test method and test data application ICS 13.220.50; 91.060.50BSISO TR 5925-2:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Health and Environment Sector Boa
2、rd, waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 15 February 1998 BSI 04-1999 ISBN 0 580 29228 2 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatimISOTR5925-2:1997 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was en
3、trusted by Technical CommitteeFSH/22, Fire resistance tests, to SubcommitteeFSH/22/5, Test procedures for doors, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for ch
4、ange, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international
5、or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all t
6、he necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii
7、, theISO/TRtitle page, pageii, pages1to8 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO TR 5925-2:
8、1997 BSI 04-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword ii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Fire and smoke 2 5 The role of doors in fire 2 6 Selection of test conditions 3 7 Test package 5 8 Some points relevant to tests 5 9 Practical application of te
9、st results 6 Annex A Estimation of smoke concentration 8 Figure 1 Examples of different doors 6 Figure 2 Different fire scenarios 7 Table 1 Time (minutes) to reach 1% type2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the future but not immediate poss
10、ibility of an agreement on an International Standard; type3, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example). Technical Reports of types1and2are subject to review within three years
11、 of publication, to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type3do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful. ISO/TR5925-2, which is a Technical Report of type3, was prepared joint
12、ly by Technical CommitteeISO/TC92, Fire safety, SubcommitteeSC2, Fire resistance. ISO/TR5925consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire tests Smoke control door and shutter assemblies: Part 1: Ambient and medium temperature leakage test procedure; Part 2: Commentary on test method
13、and test data application. Descriptors: Buildings, fire protection, smoke control, doors, fire doors, tests, fire tests, test results.BSISO TR 5925-2:1997 BSI 04-1999 1 Introduction Technical CommitteeISO/TC92 Fire safety, has prepared a test specification for smoke control doors as follows: ISO5925
14、-1, Fire tests Smoke control door and shutter assemblies Part1: Ambient and medium temperature leakage test procedure. In a fire the decomposition of materials results in the production of heat and fire gases containing smoke particles. The consequent expansion of gases leads to the creation of pres
15、sure differential across door faces often assisted by wind pressures, mechanical or extract systems, stack effect or a combination of these. This pressure differential induces the movement of smoke past any openings or gaps including those in a door assembly. Schemes to keep building areas free of s
16、moke use various techniques using obstructions to its movement, exhausting, dilution, pressurization either singly or in some suitable combination. Standard tests have been designed to measure the leakage of smoke when such conditions exist. They do not deal specifically with doors installed in conj
17、unction with smoke control methods based on pressurization but, nevertheless, information obtained from these tests is likely to be helpful in assessing the suitability of such doors. 1 Scope This Technical Report establishes a commentary which explains the general philosophy and factors on which th
18、e test specified inISO/DIS 5925-1 has been designed, to describe the limitations of its scope, to provide some general guidance for those who use the results of the test and to emphasize certain practical aspects of the procedure for those who carry out the test. All concerned with testing fire door
19、s should read this commentary before initiating the test and before making use of the test results. 2 References ISO834:1975, Fire-resistance tests Elements of building construction. ISO/DIS834-1, Fire-resistance tests Elements of building constructionPart 1: General requirements. ISO3008:1976, Fire
20、-resistance tests Door and shutter assemblies. ISO/TR3956:1975, Principles of structural fire-engineering design with special regard to the connection between real fire exposure and the heating conditions of the standard fire-resistance test (ISO834). ISO/DIS5925-1, Fire tests Smoke control door and
21、 shutter assemblies Ambient and medium temperature leakage test procedure. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report, the definitions given inISO/DIS5925-1, together with the following, apply. 3.1 door and shutter assembly a door and shutter assembly is an assembly comprising a fixed p
22、art (the door frame), one or more movable parts (the door leaves) and its hardware. The purpose of the door assembly is to allow or prevent access of persons and/or goods. The term hardware includes such items as hinges, latches, door handles, locks, keyholes (excluding keys), letter plates, sliding
23、 gear, closing devices, electrical wiring and any other items which may influence the performance of the assembly being tested 3.2 fire control door a door assembly capable of maintaining for a specified period the fire resistance criteria defined inISO3008 3.3 smoke control door a door assembly who
24、se primary function is to restrict the passage of smoke as determined byISO5925 tests 3.4 fire and smoke control door a door assembly meeting the criteria appropriate for fire control and smoke control door assemblies 3.5 ambient temperature for the purpose of this standard ambient temperature is an
25、 air temperature of (2515)C 3.6 medium temperature for the purpose of this standard medium temperature is an average air temperature of(200 20)C 3.7 high temperature a temperature representative of a standardised fully developed fire as specified inISO834BSISO TR 5925-2:1997 2 BSI 04-1999 4 Fire and
26、 smoke Fire produces heat and a variety of gaseous products some of these are exhibited as smoke. Smoke may be defined as the airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases evolved on the pyrolysis and combustion of materials. Although only the particulate matter is visible, other gases are also p
27、resent ranging from the slightly irritating to the highly toxic. All these with the heated air may be termed as the fire gases and create a safety problem for the occupants exposed to them. Smoke rises with the hot fire gases until it meets an obstruction, such as a ceiling, when it will flow radial
28、ly. In a small room the depth of the smoke layer can increase fairly rapidly until it spreads down to the door head level. If the door is open smoke will spread rapidly to other areas, cool down by mixing with air and become less buoyant. If the door is closed the smoke depth will continue to increa
29、se in the room, the temperature of the environment will rise and the expansion of gases could lead to an increase in air pressure relative to the outside inducing smoke leakage through the available gaps. The pressure will be highest at the ceiling level and lowest next to the floor where it may oft
30、en have a negative value producing a neutral axis in the middle third of the room height. This is often confirmed by observing smoke markings after a fire along the upper parts of the door frame where leakage has taken place from the fire side. The leakage around the edges will depend upon the size
31、of gaps, if any sealing has been used and the pressure differential between the two faces. When a door is directly exposed to elevated temperatures, deformation and deterioration can also occur. For doors with combustible facings, pyrolysis, delamination and local generation of smoke occur at temper
32、atures above200C. As the fire becomes fully developed, the door along with other exposed elements, is subjected to high temperatures and more rapid deterioration may occur. The ability of the door to resist the passage of smoke under these conditions for a certain time is a function of the door desi
33、gn and the effectiveness of high temperature seals, if provided. 5 The role of doors in fire 5.1 Door usage Fire barriers are provided in buildings to separate different risk areas and prevent the transfer of fire from one side to the other. The presence of openings in such barriers can introduce a
34、potential weakness. Building regulations and fire codes require a door assembly used in such openings to posses the ability to resist the passage of smoke, or heat and flames, or both. The precise role of the door will vary from one location to another and the following is an example of the designat
35、ions of doors in different locations: FIRE ZONE OR COMPARTMENT DOORS Doors in fire walls that divide a building into fire zones or compartments. Fire zones may be provided for life safety or property protection purposes or both; ROOM/CORRIDOR DOORS Doors in walls or partitions between rooms and corr
36、idors; HORIZONTAL EXIT DOORS Doors in walls which provide access to a temporary refuge area or the outside of a building; STOREY EXIT DOORS Doors in enclosures to vertical means of communication between storeys; SMOKE BARRIER DOORS Doors in long corridors or between specified smoke compartments. Doo
37、rs specified for above locations may be required to serve a fire control or smoke control or a combined fire and smoke control function. A compartment door is often likely to be treated as a “Fire control door” only, whereas storey exit doors will be required to fulfill both functions. Other doors i
38、n a building required as part of a fire protection scheme can be treated as one of the types mentioned above by analogy.Figure 1 shows some typical examples of the usage of different doors.BSISO TR 5925-2:1997 BSI 04-1999 3 5.2 Smoke compartmentation When considering the concept of fire resistance (
39、seeISO834 andISO/TR3956) one of the basic ideas is to restrict the spread of fire to different parts of the building by providing fire compartments. In the same way, the spread of smoke in a building can also be restricted to a limited zone, thereby, facilitating limited or full evacuation of the bu
40、ilding depending upon circumstances. The sub-division of the building for this purpose can be termed as smoke compartmentation and each zone so formed is a smoke compartment. The boundaries of smoke compartments may often be contiguous with those of fire compartments, but in many cases the former ar
41、e subdivisions within the latter. The size of a smoke compartment depends upon the evacuation needs, the amount of smoke that may be generated and the facilities for smoke control. Each smoke compartment should be surrounded by a smoke barrier i.e. a construction capable of resisting the passage of
42、smoke. The amount of leakage to a surrounding compartment should be limited to the maximum that can be tolerated either for escape or fire fighting operations. 5.3 The function of smoke control doors Smoke control doors are provided in fire barriers to limit the passage of smoke and other combustion
43、 products from one side to the other thereby maintaining the integrity of the barrier and giving more time for escape and fire control. Smoke control door assemblies can also be used to prevent damage to sensitive equipment such as computers and telecommunication apparatus. It is not the purpose of
44、this series of standard methods of test to give recommendations concerning the proper provision and installation of doors in buildings. Such matters will normally be dealt with by the national codes of practice or by regulations. Some of important factors which can be used by the authorities to form
45、ulate codes are described. Any door, without louvres and other openings, when in the closed position has the ability to obstruct the passage of smoke and other products of combustion. However, if it has not been specially designed it may only have a limited effectiveness as a smoke barrier. The stan
46、dard fire resistance test ofISO3008has a requirement for evaluating the passage of hot gases through any openings in or around the door. The technique used does not monitor gas flow rate as such but only the effect of such a flow on the ignition of a selected combustible material. The methods specif
47、ied inISO5925 are more precise and are able to quantify the leakage rate. In most cases, smoke control door assemblies need to be provided with some closer mechanism to ensure that the door is shut when not in use or closes on the occurance of a fire. A fully or partially open door will allow smoke
48、to pass through and unless steps are taken to ensure the closure of doors the purpose of smoke control could be negated. Smoke control door assemblies need to be considered as part of the fire barrier system. Openings for services in shafts, walls, floors and ceilings and even some partition and cei
49、ling constructions may allow the leakage of smoke unless care is taken in their design and installation. Any requirements for smoke control doors need to take into consideration smoke leakage through all potential routes. 6 Selection of test conditions Smoke control door assemblies will need to function in different conditions depending upon the proximity to the seat of fire, the rate of smoke production and the environmental conditions. The technical committee responsible for preparing these standards has identified three typic
