1、PUBLICLY AVAILABLE SPECIFICATION PAS 51:2004 Guide to industry best practice for organizing outdoor events ICS 97.220 PAS 51:2004 This Publicly Available Specification comes into effect on 26 February 2004 BSI 26 February 2004 ISBN 0 580 43319 6 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comm
2、entsPAS 51:2004 BSI 26 February 2004 i Contents Page Foreword ii Introduction 1 1S c o p e 1 2 Normative references 1 3T e r m s a n d d e f i n i t i o n s 1 4 Risk management 2 5H e a l t h a n d s a f e t y 5 6 Licensing and local consultation 6 7 Planning 7 8 Crowd management 9 9S t a f f i n g
3、9 10 Communications 9 11 Site management 10 12 Traffic management 10 13 Security 10 14 Perimeter and external infrastructure 10 15 Street events 11 16 Barriers and fencing 11 17 Access (temporary roadways) 11 18 Emergency planning 12 19 Welfare 13 20 Electrical services 14 21 Lighting 14 22 Sound sy
4、stems and noise 15 23 Special attractions and effects 15 24 Temporary structures 16 25 Waste disposal and litter picking 16 26 Food and hygiene controls 17 27 Visitor information 18 Bibliography 19 Table 1 Example of a risk classification matrix 3PAS 51:2004 ii BSI 26 February 2004 Foreword This Pub
5、licly Available Specification, PAS 51, has been published to provide good practice guidance for the organizing of outdoor events. Acknowledgement is given to the following organizations who were consulted in the development of this Publicly Available Specification: The Absolute Pitts Allen-Drake Man
6、agement Ambu-Kare Arena Event Services ARI Environmental Consultants Bellensen Associates De Boer Holdings UK Ltd. DEI (Electrical Services) Ltd. Eve Trakway Le Maitre Ltd. Leeds Metropolitan University MUTA National Outdoor Events Association NEE (Exhibition Electrics) Ltd. The National Trust Secur
7、ex Security Services Ltd. SGB ShowSec International Ltd. Society of British Aerospace Companies Weather Direct Westminster City Council This Publicly Available Specification has been prepared and published by BSI, which retains its ownership and copyright. BSI reserves the right to withdraw or amend
8、 this Publicly Available Specification on receipt of authoritative advice that it is appropriate to do so. This Publicly Available Specification will be reviewed at intervals not exceeding two years, and any amendments arising from the review will be published in an amended PAS and publicized in Upd
9、ate Standards. This Publicly Available Specification does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. This Publicly Available Specification is not to be regarded as a British Standard. This Publicly Available Specification is
10、not intended to restrict new developments in design and materials. Compliance with a Publicly Available Specification does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 23 and a back cov
11、er. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.PAS 51:2004 BSI 26 February 2004 1 Introduction This Publicly Available Specification provides good practice guidance for the organizing of outdoor events by outdoor event organizers. It does not atte
12、mpt to classify actual events, or to standardize the products or services provided by outdoor event suppliers. It is intended to be applicable to all outdoor events, which may range from one-day shows, to a short-term series of events or a festival. The information contained in this Publicly Availab
13、le Specification may also be of interest to outdoor event suppliers and inspecting officers, training bodies and members of outdoor event trade associations. 1 Scope This Publicly Available Specification (PAS) is a good practice guide for organizing outdoor events. It is intended for use as a naviga
14、ting tool, referencing current good practice guidance for the outdoor events industry. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
15、 the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS 8406, Event stewarding and crowd safety services Code of practice. Fairgrounds and amusement parks: guidance on safe practice Practical guidance on the management of health and safety for those involved in the fairgrounds industry. HSE
16、Books, 1997 (HSG 175). Temporary demountable structures. Guidance on design, procurement and use (second edition). The Institution of Structural Engineers, 1999. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this PAS, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 competent person someone (whether cli
17、ent, employee, self-employed person, contractor or subcontractor) who has necessary and sufficient training, knowledge, experience, expertise and other qualities to complete their allotted task safely 3.2 crowd management systematic planning for, and supervision of, the orderly movement and assembly
18、 of people NOTE Crowd management involves the assessment of the people-handling capabilities of a space prior to its use. It includes evaluation of projected levels of occupancy; adequacy of means of access and egress; processing procedures (such as ticket collection); and expected types of activiti
19、es and group behaviour. 3.3 event organized gathering of persons outdoors and/or within a temporary structure, not including purpose- designed event venues 3.4 risk assessment systematic examination of all aspects of an event, in order to identify and assess potential threats or hazards that might a
20、rise 3.5 site location of an event NOTE This can be a venue with identifiable boundaries or a public space with no identifiable boundaries.PAS 51:2004 2 BSI 26 February 2004 3.6 street event organized gathering of persons taking place on a public highway 3.7 temporary demountable structure non-perma
21、nent structure designed to be in place for part or all of the duration of an event 4 Risk management 4.1 General To anticipate and manage the potential threats to outdoor events (including threats to the people present, assets and property, and the environment) a risk management strategy should be i
22、mplemented to cover the project from its inception to its completion. The risk management strategy will vary from event to event and should be customized by completing a risk evaluation (see 4.3.4). A key aspect of risk management is the health and safety of all those involved in an event (see Claus
23、e 5). 4.2 Risk assessment Risk assessments assist the event organizer in identifying the measures that need to be taken to control the risk of, and guard against, any potential hazards or threats. NOTE Attention is drawn to the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Management of Health and Safe
24、ty at Work Regulations 1999. Risk assessments will assist the event organizer to identify priorities, to allocate resources and to compare and select from different alternatives (e.g. at which site to host the event, how to decide on a venue layout). It will also provide a record of the decision pro
25、cess and justifications for the actions taken should a dispute arise. The measures identified in a risk assessment should be realistic and achievable. 4.3 Performing a risk assessment 4.3.1 General A risk assessment should consist of the following steps: a) identifying the various hazards associated
26、 with the site and/or the events activities, see 4.3.2; b) identifying who is at risk (who may be harmed and how), see 4.3.3; c) evaluating the extent of the risks and deciding whether the existing precautions are adequate or can be improved, see 4.3.4; d) identifying suitable measures to eliminate,
27、 minimize and control the risks, see 4.3.5; NOTE 1 Attention is drawn to paragraph 3(2) of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (the Management Regulations), and paragraph 7 of the accompanying approved code of practice and guidance, which states that the purpose of a risk as
28、sessment is to help the employer or self-employed person to determine what measures should be taken to comply with the employers or self-employed persons duties under the relevant statutory provisions. e) recording risk assessment findings, recommendations and remedial actions implemented, see 4.3.6
29、; f) reviewing and revising the risk assessment, see 4.3.7. The event organizer should ensure that risk assessment is arranged and coordinated by a competent person(s). Where other agencies are part of the overall operation (e.g. in major events), the event organizer should ensure that they are invo
30、lved in the risk assessment. NOTE 2 Attention is drawn to the following publications: Five steps to risk assessment. HSE Books, 1998 (INDG163). Practical risk assessments. PLASA, 2002. NOTE 3 It can be beneficial to seek independent input from someone who is less involved in the design and planning
31、of the event, who might be able to assess the risks in a more objective manner, without preconceptions or prejudice.PAS 51:2004 BSI 26 February 2004 3 4.3.2 Identifying the hazards The process of hazard identification should highlight any foreseeable incidents and disruptions to the event and hazard
32、s that could arise as a result. It should provide sufficient information to enable the event organizer to ensure that suitable arrangements are in place to deal with these hazards should they arise. 4.3.3 Attendance The event organizer should establish a crowd profile to identify the age, gender, li
33、kely behaviour and expectations of the proposed audience, and to in turn inform a risk assessment of the kinds of hazards that will need to be tackled. NOTE 1 The availability of alcohol is a key factor in determining likely audience behaviour and response to crowd management input. Particular atten
34、tion should be given to the potential number of attendees at an event and the safe capacity of the proposed venue in order to assess the required management resources for production of a safe event, or whether the event can be safely staged. The following should be assessed prior to the event: a) ex
35、pected numbers for the event; b) crowd entry to the event; c) the type of event and likelihood of crowd movement, e.g. fairgrounds where crowds would be moving around; d) the dispersal of attendees and the possible requirement for emergency evacuation. The maximum capacity for various parts of a sit
36、e should be assessed. NOTE 2 The number of emergency exits available can limit this. Once the final capacity of a site or part of a site has been determined, the numbers should not be exceeded in any circumstances other than an emergency. NOTE 3 Attention is drawn to: Guide to fire precautions in ex
37、isting places of entertainment and like premises. The Stationery Office, 1990. Guide to safety at sports grounds. The Stationery Office, 1997. Managing crowds safely. HSE Books, 2000 (HSG154). 4.3.4 Risk evaluation To evaluate risk, the event organizer should ensure that an estimate is made of both
38、the likelihood of the hazard occurring and the severity of the harm it would cause. Risk evaluation should not be based on personal experience alone; any accident records from previous events of a similar nature should be considered. NOTE Other sources of information that may be useful for risk eval
39、uation include the experience of organizers of other similar events, incident logs or injury figures, feedback from front line staff and customer services. The event organizer should take into account any existing precautions that are already in place, and assess their viability. A qualitative risk
40、evaluation method should be used. This involves the use of ratings to estimate the likelihood and severity of hazards, e.g. high, medium and low risk. The risk posed by a hazard can then be expressed in terms of a combination of the likelihood rating and the severity rating using a risk classificati
41、on matrix (see example in Table 1). Table 1 Example of a risk classification matrix Major Significant Minor Likely Very high High Medium Possible High Medium Low Unlikely Medium Low Very lowPAS 51:2004 4 BSI 26 February 2004 4.3.5 Risk minimization When considering what measures need to be taken in
42、order to minimize and control risks, priority should be given to the hazards that pose the highest risks. Eliminating the risk altogether by removing the hazard should be the first strategy in trying to control risks. If the hazard cannot be eliminated entirely the following should be considered: a)
43、 choosing a lower risk option; b) making the hazard less likely to occur or to cause harm by preventing access to the hazard or by reducing exposure to it; c) reducing the severity of harm that may result from the hazard. Proactive management to minimize and control risks should occur throughout the
44、 event management process, and should involve: 1) design designing the risks out, or mitigating them wherever possible; 2) planning ensuring that risks that cannot be designed out are controlled, and that there is coordination and cooperation between contractors; 3) information ensuring all event pe
45、rsonnel know site risks and limitations; 4) selection appointing only competent contractors who use trained personnel; 5) methodology obtaining and vetting method statements and risk assessments; 6) control only allowing authorised persons on site; enforcing rules; 7) prioritization concentrating on
46、 what could cause the most significant damage, particularly to people; 8) monitoring ensuring that plans are implemented and that problems, accidents and incidents are reported; 9) reviewing and recording ensuring that lessons are learnt for the next time. 4.3.6 Records The event organizer should en
47、sure documented risk assessments are carried out and made available at all times. Records that should be kept include details of policy, plans, assessments, actions taken, review and details of any accidents and incidents. Records should be kept for seven years. NOTE Where records kept pertain to in
48、dividuals, attention is drawn to The Data Protection Act 1998. 4.3.7 Reviewing and revising the risk assessment Risk assessments should be continually reviewed and revised. Circumstances that can highlight the need for review are: a) significant changes to the event, the venue, or the attendees; b)
49、the emergence of a new problem that was not previously detected; c) the occurrence or near occurrence of a significant incident; d) the occurrence of a serious incident at a similar event; e) changes to relevant legislation. Reviews should be carried out as soon as possible after an event and involve as many staff as practicable, particularly those directly involved. Staff should be encouraged to discuss concerns, the causes of any accidents, incidents or problems and any identifiab
