1、Energy performance of buildings Method for calculation of the design heat load Part 2: Explanation and justification of EN 12831-1, Module M3-3 PD CEN/TR 12831-2:2017 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERI
2、CHT CEN/TR 12831-2 April 2017 ICS 91.120.10; 91.140.10 English Version Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of the design heat load - Part 2: Explanation and justification of EN 12831-1, Module M3-3 Performance nergtique des btiments - Mthode de calcul de la charge thermique nomi
3、nale - Partie 2 : Explication et justification de lEN 12831-1, Module M3-3 Gesamtenergieeffizienz von Gebuden - Methode zur Berechnung der Norm-Heizlast - Teil 2: Begleitender TR zur EN 12831-1, Modul M3 This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017. It has been drawn up by the Techn
4、ical Committee CEN/TC 228. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
5、Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 201
6、7 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 12831-2:2017 E National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 12831-2:2017. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Comm
7、ittee RHE/24, Central heating installations. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. ISBN 978 0 580 9
8、4807 7 ICS 91.140.10; 91.120.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2017. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected PUBLISH
9、ED DOCUMENT PD CEN/TR 12831-2:2017 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 12831-2 April 2017 ICS 91.120.10; 91.140.10 English Version Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of the design heat load - Part 2: Explanation and justification of EN 12831-1, Module
10、M3-3 Performance nergtique des btiments - Mthode de calcul de la charge thermique nominale - Partie 2 : Explication et justification de lEN 12831-1, Module M3-3 Gesamtenergieeffizienz von Gebuden - Methode zur Berechnung der Norm-Heizlast - Teil 2: Begleitender TR zur EN 12831-1, Modul M3 This Techn
11、ical Report was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 228. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Ger
12、many, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES K
13、OMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 12831-2:2017 E PD CEN/TR 12831-2:2017CEN/TR 12831-2:2017 2 Contents Page European foreword
14、. 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 5 4.1 Symbols . 5 4.2 Subscripts . 5 5 Information on the methods . 5 6 Method description 6 6.1 Standard method . 6 6.1.1 Rationale, case of application . 6 6.1.2 Assumptions 6 6.1.3 Data
15、 input 7 6.2 Simplified method for the calculation of the design heat load of a heated space . 19 6.2.1 Rationale, case of application 19 6.2.2 Assumptions . 19 6.2.3 Data input . 19 6.3 Simplified method for the calculation of the building design heat load 19 6.3.1 Rationale, case of application 19
16、 6.3.2 Assumptions . 20 6.3.3 Data input . 20 7 Method selection 20 8 Exemplary heat load calculation (standard method) . 20 8.1 Description . 20 8.2 Calculation details . 22 Annex A (informative) Calculation flowchart . 28 A.1 General . 28 A.2 Standard method 28 A.3 Simplified method for the calcul
17、ation of the design heat load of a heated space . 29 A.4 Simplified method for the calculation of the building design heat load 29 Bibliography . 30 PD CEN/TR 12831-2:2017CEN/TR 12831-2:2017 3 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 12831-2:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “
18、Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent right
19、s. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. PD CEN/TR 12831-2:2017CEN/TR 12831-2:2017 4 Introduction In order to facilitate the necessary overall consistency and coherence, in terminology, approach, input/output
20、relations and formats, for the whole set of EPB-standards, the following documents and tools are available: a) a document with basic principles to be followed in drafting EPB-standards: CEN/TS 16628:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Basic Principles for the set of EPB standards 1; b) a documen
21、t with detailed technical rules to be followed in drafting EPB-standards; CEN/TS 16629:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Detailed Technical Rules for the set of EPB-standards 2; c) the detailed technical rules are the basis for the following tools: 1) a common template for each EPB-standard, i
22、ncluding specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses; 2) a common template for each technical report that accompanies an EPB standard or a cluster of EPB standards, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses; 3) a common template for the spreadsheet that accompanie
23、s each EPB standard, to demonstrate the correctness of the EPB calculation procedures. Each EPB-standards follows the basic principles and the detailed technical rules and relates to the overarching EPB-standard, EN ISO 52000-1 3. One of the main purposes of the revision of the EPB-standards is to e
24、nable that laws and regulations directly refer to the EPB-standards and make compliance with them compulsory. This requires that the set of EPB-standards consists of a systematic, clear, comprehensive and unambiguous set of energy performance procedures. The number of options provided is kept as low
25、 as possible, taking into account national and regional differences in climate, culture and building tradition, policy and legal frameworks (subsidiarity principle). For each option, an informative default option is provided (EN 12831-1:2017, Annex B). Rationale behind the EPB technical reports Ther
26、e is a risk that the purpose and limitations of the EPB standards will be misunderstood, unless the background and context to their contents and the thinking behind them is explained in some detail to readers of the standards. Consequently, various types of informative contents are recorded and made
27、 available for users to properly understand, apply and nationally or regionally implement the EPB standards. If this explanation would have been attempted in the standards themselves, the result is likely to be confusing and cumbersome, especially if the standards are implemented or referenced in na
28、tional or regional building codes. Therefore, each EPB standard is accompanied by an informative technical report, like this one, where all informative content is collected, to ensure a clear separation between normative and informative contents (see CEN/TS 16629 1): to avoid flooding and confusing
29、the actual normative part with informative content; to reduce the page count of the actual standard; and to facilitate understanding of the set of EPB standards. This was also one of the main recommendations from the European CENSE project 2 that laid the foundation for the preparation of the set of
30、 EPB standards. PD CEN/TR 12831-2:2017CEN/TR 12831-2:2017 5 1 Scope This Technical Report refers to standard EN 12831, module M3-3 (EN 12831-1). It contains information to support the correct understanding, use and national adaptation of standard EN 12831-1. 2 Normative references The following docu
31、ments, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12831-1:2017, Energy p
32、erformance of buildings - Method for calculation of the design heat load - Part 1: Space heating load, Module M3-3 EN ISO 6946, Building components and building elements - Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance - Calculation method (ISO 6946) EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation - Physical qua
33、ntities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987) EN ISO 10077-1, Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters - Calculation of thermal transmittance - Part 1: General (ISO 10077-1) EN ISO 52000-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings - Overarching EPB assessment - Part 1: General framework and procedur
34、es (ISO 52000-1:2017) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995, EN ISO 52000-1:2017, EN 12831-1:2017 apply. 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 Symbols For the purposes of this Technical Report, the symbols given in EN ISO 52000-1:201
35、7 and EN 12831-1:2017 apply. 4.2 Subscripts For the purposes of this Technical Report, subscripts given in EN ISO 52000-1:2017 and EN 12831-1:2017 apply 5 Information on the methods EN 12831-1 describes a method to calculate the design heat load of heated spaces (usually rooms); building entities (a
36、partments etc.) or whole buildings containing heated spaces. PD CEN/TR 12831-2:2017CEN/TR 12831-2:2017 6 The design heat load is required in the sizing of several components of a heating systems, such as heat emission components (e.g. radiators); heat distribution components (tubing etc.); and heat
37、generators (boilers etc.). EN 12831-1 contains several methods for this purpose, a standard method that describes a versatile approach to calculate the design heat load of heated spaces / single rooms; building entities; and a whole building; a simplified method for the calculation of the design hea
38、t load of a building; and a simplified method for the calculation of the design heat load of heated spaces. 6 Method description 6.1 Standard method 6.1.1 Rationale, case of application The standard method is a detailed approach for the calculation of the design heat load. The method is based on des
39、ign criteria, such as internal and external design temperatures, and detailed information about the building or the heated spaces that the heat load shall be determined for. While the approach itself is versatile in that it can be used for new (to-be-built) and existing or old buildings either way,
40、it is usually easier to apply to new ones than to old ones for several reasons, e.g.: detailed knowledge about the building, such as U-values, level of air tightness, etc., is required. In new buildings, the knowledge of this information can be considered a given; in old buildings, often, it cannot.
41、 in the process of constructing (new) buildings, usually, not only a single component of the heating system but the heating system as a whole has to be designed/sized. Therefore, a detailed heat load calculation is virtually mandatory. In the reconstruction of old/existing buildings, there are many
42、cases where only parts of the heating system are to be replaced; e.g. replacing only the heat generator. Here, a detailed heat load calculation requires much more effort than is adequate for the task given. 6.1.2 Assumptions Considerations within EN 12831 are based on steady-state conditions, e.g.:
43、assuming constant internal, external and ground temperatures; considering to-be-heated rooms as already heated to the required temperature meaning that the method basically determines how much power is required to maintain the required temperature (although, a simplified approach for the determinati
44、on of heating-up power is given in the standard as well); assuming constant physical building properties (independent of time, temperature, etc.) PD CEN/TR 12831-2:2017CEN/TR 12831-2:2017 7 6.1.3 Data input 6.1.3.1 General An extensive list of all input parameters and sources that shall be used to o
45、btain them is given in the standard. In what follows, some items are named that may require some more explanation than is given in the standard. 6.1.3.2 Space allocation / partitioning of buildings EN 12831-1 uses the following terms to describe scope(s) of the heat balance: Building (Build) A whole
46、 building. Building entity (BE) A portion of the building that can contain one or more rooms. A building entity is defined by use as a portion of the building that belongs to one user (owner(s), tenant(s), etc.) in a way that if one room of the entity is heated, it may be assumed that the other room
47、s of that entity are give or take heated as well. Typical examples are: a) an apartment / a flat; b) an office unit, etc. In the scope of EN 12831-1, each building entity has an internal temperature that is a property of the building entity as a whole. That temperature is required to calculate heat
48、loss from other rooms to that building entity. Zone / Ventilation zone (z) A zone is a portion of the building that can contain one or more rooms. It is defined as an entity where all contained rooms are air-connected by design (through internal ATDs / shortened door leafs, etc.). By design, there i
49、s no air transfer between several ventilation zones. Usually, a zone is also a building entity. Heated space (i) Each space heated to uniform conditions is considered a heated space. A heated space is separated from other spaces by building elements, such as walls etc. Usually each room is a heated space. The terms heated space and (heated) room are used synonymously in the standard. 6.1.3.3 Climatic data The following climate data shall be provided through national standardization bodies: Reference e
