1、BSI Standards Publication PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 Unfired pressure vessels Part 102: Example of application of vertical vessel with bracket supportsPD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 13445-102:2015. The UK partici
2、pation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PVE/1, Pressure Vessels. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible fo
3、r its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 87643 1 ICS 23.020.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards
4、 Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 13445-102 May 2015 ICS 23.020.30 English Version Unfired pressure vessels - Part 102: Example of applicatio
5、n of vertical vessel with bracket supports Unbefeuerte Druckbehlter - Beispiel 2: Stehende Behlter mit Tragpratzen This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 10 February 2015. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 54. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgi
6、um, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzer
7、land, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
8、Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 EPD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 3.1 Drawing of the vessel 5 3.2 Calculation model 6 3.3 Operating conditions .7 3.4 Comments on the operating conditions provided by the User .7 4.1 General 8 4.2 Is
9、 EN13445 applicable to the vessel? 8 4.3 Warning of Annex A of reference 1 .8 4.4 Prerequisites of Annex A of reference 1 .8 5.1 Permitted materials. 10 5.2 Requirements given in 4.2 of reference 2 11 5.3 Requirements given in 4.3 of reference 2 11 5.4 Requirements given in 4.4 of reference 2 11 5.5
10、 Materials selected for the vessel example 2 12 6.1 General . 15 6.2 Basic design 15 6.3 Fatigue calculations . 15 6.4 Determination of test pressures of the vessel in Annex C . 17 6.5 Determination of the deformation according to EN 13445-4 reference 4, Clause 9 in Annex C . 19 6.6 Data used in exa
11、mple 2 19 6.7 Conditions of applicability of calculations 20 7.1 General . 20 7.2 Material traceability 20 7.3 Manufacturing tolerances 20 7.5 Welding, as in 8 of reference 4 26 7.6 Manufacture and testing of welds Production test, as in 8 of reference 4 26 7.7 Forming of pressure parts, as in 9 of
12、reference 4 . 27 7.8 Post weld heat treatment (PWHT), as in 10 of reference 4 . 27 8.1 Generality 27 8.2 Non destructive testing, as in 4.3 of reference 5 27 8.3 Determination of extent of non-destructive testing, as in 6.6.2 of reference 5 28 Annex A (informative) Drawing of example 2 29 Annex B (i
13、nformative) Nameplate of example 2 30 Annex C (informative) Design calculation of example 2. 31 PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 13445-102:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which
14、is held by BSI. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 4 Introduction Harm
15、onized standards under Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC) have been adopted over the past few years on the basis of mandate M 071. These standards give appropriate solutions for designing and building safe pressure equipment complying with the pressure equipment directives. Although the main st
16、andards for the major product groups are now available, further action is needed to ensure a take-up by industry of these standards. A recent public consultation on the use of EN Standards in the field of pressure equipment has shown that better knowledge of content and better usability are the more
17、 substantial aspects to encourage the use of the harmonized European standards (document CEN/PE/AN N 220). The Pressure equipment Migration Help Desk, EN 13445/MHD, was created in August 2002 to give to the standard users a central point where raising questions and obtaining authorized answers. From
18、 the questions it received, the help desk has identified the publication of examples of application as a key issue and has developed rules of procedure for their publication as CEN deliverables (document CEN/PE/AN N 128). Examples of application is an efficient way to help the standard user to corre
19、ctly understand and apply the requirements of the standard and to be aware of the permissible deviations, possible alternatives, use of normative reference documents, etc. It can also assist training organization and software developers. The project, in its efforts to broaden the application of the
20、European Standards harmonized for PED, will support the actions of the European Commission in the field of safety of pressure equipment. It will also promote the use of these European Standards on the global market. PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Report d
21、etails the design, manufacturing, inspection and testing of a steel vessel submitted to pressure cycles, using the EN 13445 series for “Unfired pressure vessels“, to guide the user of these standards in sequential decision making, together with some alternative choices. 2 Normative references The fo
22、llowing documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13445-1:20
23、09_Issue 5, Unfired pressure vessels Part 1: General 1 EN 13445-2:2009_Issue 5, Unfired pressure vessels Part 2: Materials 2 EN 13445-3:2009_Issue 5, Unfired pressure vessels Part 3: Design 3 EN 13445-4:2009_Issue 5, Unfired pressure vessels Part 4: Fabrication 4 EN 13445-5:2009_Issue 5, Unfired pre
24、ssure vessels Part 5: Inspection and testing 5 EN 10028-2:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties 6 3 The vessel and its operating conditions 3.1 Drawing of the vessel The technical drawing of the vess
25、el and vessel details is represented in Annex A: A note in the introduction of EN 13445-1, clearly says that “In EN 13445 the term pressure vessel includes the welded attachments up to and including the nozzle flanges, screwed or welded connections“. The briefed lay-out is given as in Figure 1. PD C
26、EN/TR 13445-102:2015 CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 6 Figure 1 Briefed lay-out 3.2 Calculation model The calculation model is presented in 3D in Figure 2. PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 7 Figure 2 Calculation model 3.3 Operating conditions The general characteristics given by the user
27、 are reproduced below: a) content: gas group 1, density of 0,48; b) internal pressure: 18 bar / 0,5 bar; c) temperature: 20 C/260 C; d) number of expected full pressure cycles: 1200. 3.4 Comments on the operating conditions provided by the User The gas group 1 is a dangerous fluid according to Counc
28、il Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances. See also: http:/eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31967L0548:en:NOT and further info
29、rmation on https:/osha.europa.eu/nl/legislation/directives/exposure-to-chemical-agents-and-chemical-safety/osh-related- aspects/58 In the contract 1 200 pressure cycles from 18 bar (1,8 MPa) to 0,5 bar (0,05 MPa) are expected. A design pressure of 1,8 MPa will not be used to avoid a short duration p
30、ressure surge at each cycle (See Pressure PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 8 Equipment Directive, Annex I, clause 2.11.2 Pressure limiting devices). Therefore the safety valve will be set at 2 MPa (pressure higher than 1,8 MPa + 10 %) and the design pressure of 2 MPa will be used i
31、n design calculations for static loadings. 4 Application of EN 13445-1 1 4.1 General This part contains general information on the scope of the standard as well as terms, definitions, quantities, symbols and units which are applied throughout the standard. Before designing and manufacturing the vess
32、el according to the standard, the manufacturer shall verify the applicability of the standard EN 13445 and perform a number of prerequisites. 4.2 Is EN13445 applicable to the vessel? The answer is yes, since the vessel does not belong to the vessels mentioned in Clause 1 of reference 1 which are: Ve
33、ssels of riveted construction; Vessels of lamellar cast iron or any material not included in part 2, 6 or 8 of the standard; Multilayered, autofrettaged or pre-stressed vessels. 4.3 Warning of Annex A of reference 1 The standard EN 13445 is harmonized under the Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC
34、). This means that if the vessel meets the requirements of this standard, it can be presumed to conform to those essential safety requirements which are listed in the Annexes ZA of each individual part. In this connection, it should be understood that the standard is indivisible. The design and manu
35、facturing of the vessel requires application of all relevant parts of the standard, in this case of Part 1 General 1, Part 2 Materials 2, Part 3 Design 3, Part 4 Fabrication 4 and Part 5 Inspection and testing 5, since the vessel is a steel vessel. Part 7 and Part 9 are not mandatory parts in this s
36、ense. 4.4 Prerequisites of Annex A of reference 1 4.4.1 Operating conditions Operating conditions provided by the User will be used in the design calculations, but a design pressure of 2 MPa will be used in calculations for static loadings, as it is mentioned in 4.3. 4.4.2 Actions to be considered a
37、ccording to the list in 5.3.1 of EN 13445-3 reference 3 a) internal pressure; b) maximum static head of contained fluid; c) weight of the vessel; d) maximum weight of contents under operating conditions; PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 9 e) weight of water under hydraulic pressure
38、 test conditions; f) wind, snow, and ice loading (not present); g) earthquake loading (negligible); h) other loads supported by or reacting on the vessel, including loads during transport and installation (negligible); i) stresses caused by supporting lugs, ring, girders, saddles, internal structure
39、s or connecting piping or intentional offsets of median lines on adjacent components. (Only stresses caused by bracket supports will be considered); j) shock loads caused by water hammer or surging of the vessel contents (not present); k) bending moments caused by eccentricity of the centre of the w
40、orking pressure relative to the neutral axis of the vessel (not present); l) stresses caused by temperature differences including transient conditions and by differences in coefficients of thermal expansion (Not requested by the User); m) stresses caused by fluctuations of pressure, temperature and
41、external loads (Stresses caused by fluctuations of pressure and temperature will be considered); n) stresses caused by the decomposition of unstable fluids (not present). 4.4.3 Classification of load cases 4.4.3.1 Normal load cases Normal load cases are those acting on the pressure vessel during nor
42、mal operation, including start-up and shutdown. They result of combination of actions mentioned in 5.3.2. 4.4.3.2 Exceptional load cases Exceptional load cases are those corresponding to events of very low probability requiring the safe shutdown and inspection of the vessel or plant. No such excepti
43、onal load case is expected. 4.4.3.3 Testing load cases Testing load cases include testing load cases for final assessment and testing load cases in service. Only the hydraulic test for final assessment will be considered. 4.4.4 The Category of the vessel as defined in the Pressure Equipment Directiv
44、e (PED) Taking into consideration: The maximum allowable pressure PS: 20 bar The fluid group: 1 The volume of the vessel: 2.656 L The potential energy content product PS.V = 53.120 bar.L PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 (E) 10 The vessel category is IV (See Figure 3, Excerpt from Table
45、 1 of Annex II of the PED where the case is represented by a red dark dot or see Figure A-1 of CR 13445-7). Figure 3 Vessel category 4.4.5 The Conformity Assessment Module to be used Applicable modules of Category IV are B+D, B+F, G, H1. Module G is used throughout this example (this is according to
46、 the drawing Example 2). 5 Application of EN 13445-2 2 5.1 Permitted materials 5.1.1 General Clause A.4 Materials of reference 1 recalls the principles. Specific requirements apply to materials for pressure-bearing parts. They are given in 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 of reference 2. 5.1.2 Requirements giv
47、en in 4.1 of reference 2 Materials shall be selected to be compatible with anticipated fabrication steps and to be suitable for internal fluid and external environment Materials shall be accompanied by inspection documents in accordance with EN 10204:2004 PD CEN/TR 13445-102:2015 CEN/TR 13445-102:20
48、15 (E) 11 NOTE 1 This is not properly speaking a design requirement, but a means to inspect material properties. Materials shall be free from surface and internal defects which can impair their intended usability Steels shall have a specified minimum elongation after fracture: 14 % Steels shall have
49、 a specified minimum impact energy measured on a Charpy V-notch impact test specimen greater or equal to 27 J for ferritic steels, etc. The chemical composition of ferritic steels intended for welding and forming shall not exceed 0,25 % C, 0,035 % P, 0,025 % S. Only materials which are qualified for pressure equipment may be used. Qualification of materials can be made in three different ways: Materials from European harmonized Standards, see 4.3.1 of reference 2. C
