1、Stationary source emissions Guidance on the application of EN ISO 16911-1 PD CEN/TR 17078:2017 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 17078:2017. The UK participation in its prepar
2、ation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/2, Air quality, to Subcommittee EH/2/1, Stationary source emission. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract
3、. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017 ISBN 978 0 580 94741 4 ICS 13.040.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the
4、authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2017. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CEN/TR 17078:2017 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 17078 March 2017 ICS 13.040.40 English Version Stationary
5、 source emissions - Guidance on the application of EN ISO 16911-1 missions de sources fixes - Prconisations concernant lapplication de lEN ISO 16911-1 Emissionen aus stationren Quellen - Leitlinien zur Anwendung von EN ISO 16911-1 This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 20 February 2017. It has
6、 been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 264. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lit
7、huania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Mar
8、nix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 17078:2017 E PD CEN/TR 17078:2017CEN/TR 17078:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms
9、 and definitions . 6 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 7 5 General guidance on manual determination of velocity and flow rate in ducts. 7 5.1 General 7 5.1.1 Role of this CEN Technical Report . 7 5.1.2 How to use this Technical Report 8 5.2 Scope and structure of EN ISO 16911-1 . 8 5.2.1 Scope of EN ISO
10、 16911-1 . 8 5.2.2 Concept of EN ISO 16911-1 8 5.2.3 Relationship to other international standards 8 5.3 Summary of different requirements for determination of velocity and flow rate 8 5.3.1 Velocity and flow rate monitoring requirements under the Industrial Emissions Directive . 8 5.3.2 Velocity an
11、d flow rate monitoring requirements under the EU ETS Directive . 8 5.3.3 Other requirements for monitoring velocity and flow rate in ducts and stacks 9 6 Specific guidance on the application of EN ISO 16911-1 . 9 6.1 Scope 9 6.2 Normative references 9 6.3 Terms, definitions . 9 6.4 Symbols and abbre
12、viated terms 9 6.4.1 Symbols . 9 6.4.2 Abbreviated terms . 10 6.5 Principle 10 6.5.1 General . 10 6.5.2 Principle of flow velocity determination at a point the duct 10 6.6 Principle of measurement of flow rate . 10 6.6.1 General . 10 6.6.2 Principle of volume flow rate determination from point veloc
13、ity measurements 11 6.6.3 Determination of volume flow rate using tracer dilution measurements 11 6.6.4 Determination of volume flow rate using transit time tracer measurements . 11 6.6.5 Determination of volume flow rate from plant thermal input 11 6.7 Selection of a monitoring approach 11 6.7.1 Me
14、asurement objective 11 6.7.2 Choice of technique to determine point flow velocity 11 6.7.3 Choice of technique for volume flow rate and average flow determination 11 6.8 Measuring equipment 11 6.8.1 General . 11 6.8.2 Measurement of duct area 12 6.9 Performance characteristics and requirements . 13
15、6.10 Measurement Procedure Site survey before testing 15 6.11 Determination of sampling plane and number of measurement points 15 PD CEN/TR 17078:2017CEN/TR 17078:2017 (E) 3 6.12 Checks before sampling 16 6.12.1 General . 16 6.12.2 Pre-test leak check . 17 6.12.3 Check on stagnation and reference pr
16、essure taps (S-type Pitot tube) 18 6.12.4 Test of repeatability at a single point 18 6.12.5 Swirl or cyclonic flow 18 6.13 Quality control . 19 6.14 Measurement of flow at locations within the measurement plane 19 6.15 Post-measurement quality control 19 6.16 Calculation of results . 20 6.16.1 Gener
17、al . 20 6.16.2 Measurement of velocity 20 6.16.3 Determination of the mean velocity 20 6.16.4 Correction of average velocity for wall effects . 20 6.16.5 Calculation of the volume flow rate from the average velocity . 20 6.16.6 Conversion of results to standard conditions 20 6.17 Establishment of un
18、certainty results 20 6.18 Evaluation of the method . 20 7 Annex A: Measurement of velocity using differential pressure based techniques . 20 7.1 A.1: Principle of differential pressure based technique . 20 7.2 A.2: Measuring Equipment 20 7.2.1 A.2.1: Pitot tubes . 20 7.2.2 A.2.2: Differential pressu
19、re flow measurement equipment . 21 8 Annex F: Example of uncertainty budget established for velocity and volume flow rate measurements by Pitot tube . 22 8.1 F.1: Process of uncertainty estimation 22 8.1.1 F.1.1: General 22 8.1.2 F.1.2: Determination of model function 22 8.1.3 F.1.3: Quantification
20、of uncertainty components 22 8.1.4 F.1.4: Calculation of the combined uncertainty . 22 8.1.5 F.1.5: Other sources of errors . 23 8.2 F.2: Example uncertainty calculation 24 8.2.1 F.2.1: Calculation of the physicochemical characteristics of the gas effluent . 26 8.2.2 F.2.2: Calculation of uncertaint
21、y associated with the determination of local velocities 27 8.2.3 F.2.3: Calculation of uncertainty associated with the mean velocity . 35 8.2.4 F.2.4: Calculation of uncertainty in reported values 36 9 Annexes B, C, D, E, G, H, I and J 37 Annex A (informative) Degree of swirl determination example m
22、ethod 38 Annex B (informative) S-type Pitot leak check example method . 39 Bibliography . 40 PD CEN/TR 17078:2017CEN/TR 17078:2017 (E) 4 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 17078:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Att
23、ention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
24、 Free Trade Association. PD CEN/TR 17078:2017CEN/TR 17078:2017 (E) 5 Introduction This CEN Technical Report provides supporting guidance on the application of EN ISO 16911-1:2013. It has been produced in response to the request from Member State mirror committees for clarification on elements of EN
25、ISO 16911-1:2013 and on how certain requirements specified within it should be interpreted. EN ISO 16911-1:2013 has been written to apply to a range of applications with different uncertainty requirements. This CEN Technical Report makes recommendations in regards to which requirements and performan
26、ce characteristics apply to specified measurement objective(s) and application area(s) in order to achieve a consistent application of EN ISO 16911-1:2013. PD CEN/TR 17078:2017CEN/TR 17078:2017 (E) 6 1 Scope This CEN Technical Report provides guidance only on the application of the European Standard
27、 EN ISO 16911-1:2013. This CEN Technical Report does not provide guidance on the application of EN ISO 16911-2:2013. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only
28、the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14181, Stationary source emissions - Quality assurance of automated measuring systems EN 15259:2007, Air quality - Measurement of stationary source emissions - Requ
29、irements for measurement sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report EN ISO 16911-1:2013, Stationary source emissions - Manual and automatic determination of velocity and volume flow rate in ducts - Part 1: Manual reference method (ISO 16911-1:2013) EN ISO 16911-2:2013, Sta
30、tionary source emissions - Manual and automatic determination of velocity and volume flow rate in ducts - Part 2: Automated measuring systems (ISO 16911-2:2013) ISO 10780, Stationary source emissions Measurement of velocity and volume flowrate of gas streams in ducts 3 Terms and definitions For the
31、purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 16911-1:2013 and the following apply. 3.1 emission source separately identifiable part of an installation or a process within an installation, from which relevant greenhouse gases are emitted and are regulated under the EU Emission
32、s Trading System SOURCE: Commission Regulation (EU) No. 601/2012, Article 3, Definition (5) 3.2 tier set requirement under the EU Emissions Trading System used for determining activity data, calculation factors, annual emission and annual average hourly emission, as well as for payload SOURCE: Commi
33、ssion Regulation (EU) No. 601/2012, Article 3, Definition (8) PD CEN/TR 17078:2017CEN/TR 17078:2017 (E) 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviations given in EN ISO 16911-1:2013 and the following apply. 4.1 Symbols: dl change in length (m, inches) L
34、0 initial length of measuring rod (m, inches) linear temperature expansion coefficient (m/mC) t 0 initial temperature (C) t 1 final temperature (C) CF i correction factor at position i V fav average velocity of fixed device measurements V fi velocity of fixed measurement device at position i V ticor
35、r corrected velocity at position i V meas velocity measured hs corrected height of the indicating fluid to standard temperature ht height of the indicating fluid at the temperature when read ps density of the indicating fluid at standard temperature pt density of the indicating fluid at the temperat
36、ure when read gs gravitational acceleration assumed at calibration, ms 2gt gravitational acceleration at test location, ms 2 latitude (North/South position with the Equator being zero), H height above sea level, m 4.2 Abbreviations: EU ETS Emissions Trading System CO 2(e) Carbon Dioxide equivalent 5
37、 General guidance on manual determination of velocity and flow rate in ducts 5.1 General 5.1.1 Role of this CEN Technical Report The role of this CEN Technical Report is to provide guidance on the application of the European Standard EN ISO 16911-1:2013 on the manual determination of velocity and fl
38、ow rate in ducts. This Technical Report offers clarification on matters of interpretation of EN ISO 16911-1:2013 and provides recommendations on its application depending on the uncertainty requirements of the measurement objective. The adoption of the full Technical Report or parts of it may be dec
39、ided by individual Member States regulatory authorities. Throughout this Technical Report, reference to the Standard refers to EN ISO 16911-1:2013. PD CEN/TR 17078:2017CEN/TR 17078:2017 (E) 8 5.1.2 How to use this Technical Report This Technical Report does not follow the numbering of EN ISO 16911-1
40、:2013; however for easier handling it uses the same headings and sub-headings as EN ISO 16911-1:2013. It does not repeat text, tables or diagrams from EN ISO 16911-1:2013, instead it refers to the relevant sections of the Standard. It is therefore essential that the reader has a copy of the Standard
41、 to refer to. For sections of the Standard where this Technical Report does not provide any text or guidance it is deemed that the relevant section does not require any additional clarification. An error has been identified in Formula (F.10) of the uncertainty example in EN ISO 16911-1:2013, Annex F
42、. It is recommended that the uncertainty example provided in this CEN Technical Report (see Clause 8) replaces the existing one in the Standard. 5.2 Scope and structure of EN ISO 16911-1 5.2.1 Scope of EN ISO 16911-1 EN ISO 16911-1:2013 is applicable to industrial plants falling under the European I
43、ndustrial Emission Directive (2010/75/EU). It is also applicable to industrial plants falling under the EU Emissions Trading System Directive (EU ETS) (2003/87/EC) that are required or have opted to use the measurement- based methodology as specified in Commission Regulation (EU) No 601/2012 of 21 J
44、une 2012 on the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions (MRR). 5.2.2 Concept of EN ISO 16911-1 EN ISO 16911-1 has been written to apply to different measurement objectives with different uncertainty requirements ranging from very stringent (EU ETS Tier 4 - 2,5 %) to less demanding (supp
45、ort of isokinetic sampling). The performance characteristics and requirements within the Standard have been specified as a means of achieving the most stringent uncertainty requirements. Although not explicitly specified within the Standard, it is implied that the level of quality control should be
46、determined by the uncertainty requirements of the measurement objective. Therefore for measurement objectives with lesser uncertainty requirements the level of quality assurance and control can be reduced. It is the role of this Technical Report to make these distinctions and provide guidance as to
47、the level of quality control that may be applied. 5.2.3 Relationship to other international standards EN ISO 16911-1 does not replace existing standards. This Technical Report does not reproduce any detailed procedures; therefore users will have access to the documents referenced in Clause 2 and in
48、the final Bibliography. 5.3 Summary of different requirements for determination of velocity and flow rate 5.3.1 Velocity and flow rate monitoring requirements under the Industrial Emissions Directive The measurement of velocity and flow rate is required under the Industrial Emissions Directive as pa
49、rt of periodic monitoring for compliance purposes or pollution inventory reporting which involves the determination of mass emissions. It is also required for the control of isokinetic conditions during the manual sampling of atmospheric pollutants. 5.3.2 Velocity and flow rate monitoring requirements under the EU ETS Directive The MRR specify that all flow automated measuring systems (AMS) used for the monitoring and reporting of GHG under the EU ETS, shall follow the quality assurance procedures specified within EN 14181 and other corresponding EN sta
