1、PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 Photocatalysis Continuous flow test methods Part 1: Determination of the degradation of nitric oxide (NO) in the air by photocatalytic materials BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National
2、 foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 16980-1:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This
3、 publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 94089 7 ICS 25.220.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confe
4、r immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date T e x t a f f e c t e dPD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHN
5、IQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 16980-1 December 2016 ICS 25.220.20 English Version Photocatalysis - Continuous flow test methods - Part 1: Determination of the degradation of nitric oxide (NO) in the air by photocatalytic materials Photocatalyse - Mthodes dessai en flux continu - Partie 1 : Dt
6、ermination de la dgradation du monoxyde dazote (NO) dans lair par des matriaux photocatalytiques Photokatalyse - Prfverfahren mit kontinuierlichem Durchfluss - Teil 1: Bestimmung des Abbaus von Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) aus der Luft durch photokatalytische Werkstoffe This Technical Specification (CEN/T
7、S) was approved by CEN on 8 August 2016 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a Europ
8、ean Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the fin
9、al decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ir
10、eland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management C
11、entre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 EPD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4
12、 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 5 3.1 Terms and definitions . 5 3.2 Abbreviations . 5 4 Principle . 7 5 Interferences 7 6 Apparatus . 7 7 Sample preparation . 13 7.1 Precaution. 13 7.2 Sample characteristics . 13 7.3 Conditioning . 13 8 Measurement of concentrations . 14 8.1 General . 14 8
13、.2 Measurement of the initial concentration of nitrogen oxides before entering the photochemical reactor . 14 8.3 Conversion without sample 14 8.4 Conversion in the dark and in the presence of sample 15 8.5 Conversion under illumination in the presence of sample . 15 9 Calculation of photocatalytic
14、degradation rate . 17 9.1 The observed rate of photocatalytic degradation 17 9.2 Intrinsic rate of photocatalytic transformation 18 10 Acceptability ranges of main test parameters . 18 11 Test report 19 Annex A (informative) Typical trend of NO, NO 2 and NO x concentrations during a photocatalytic t
15、est . 21 Annex B (informative) Example of test for the control of mass transfer conditions 22 Annex C (informative) Typical Ohmic response of the fan . 23 Bibliography . 24 PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN/TS 16980-1:2016) has been prepared by Tec
16、hnical Committee CEN/TC 386 “Photocatalysis”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This documen
17、t is part of the CEN/TS 16980 series that consists of the following parts: Part 1: Determination of the degradation of nitric oxide (NO) in the air by photocatalytic materials Part 2: To be determined. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the fol
18、lowing countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherl
19、ands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This standard describes a method for assessing the performance of photocatalytic inorganic materials contained in cement mor
20、tars and/or limes or ceramic-based matrices, paints or materials deposited as thin films or coatings on a variety of substrates for the photocatalytic abatement of nitric oxide in the gas phase. This method is not suitable for the assessment of samples to be applied with flow perpendicular to the su
21、rface or flow permeating the surface itself as polymeric and paper filters, honeycomb structures and suchlike. The performance for the photocatalytic sample under test is evaluated by measuring the degradation rate of nitric oxide (NO) using the method described herein. The photocatalytic abatement
22、rate is calculated from the observed rate by eliminating the effects of mass transfer. The intrinsic photocatalytic abatement rate is an intrinsic property of the material tested and makes it possible to distinguish the photocatalytic activities of various products with an absolute scale defined wit
23、h physical and engineering meaning. For the measurements and calculations described in this standard the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) is defined as the stoichiometric sum of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ). Safety statement Persons using this document should be familiar wi
24、th the normal laboratory practice, if applicable. This document cannot address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any regulatory conditions. Environmental
25、 statement It is understood that some of the material permitted in this standard may have negative environmental impact. As technological advantages lead to better alternatives for these materials, they will be eliminated from this standard to the extent possible. At the end of the test, the user of
26、 the standard will take care to carry out an appropriate disposal of the wastes, according to local regulation. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the e
27、dition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TS 16599:2014, Photocatalysis - Irradiation conditions for testing photocatalytic properties of semiconducting materials and the measurement of these conditions EN ISO
28、9169, Air quality - Definition and determination of performance characteristics of an automatic measuring system (ISO 9169) ISO 7996, Ambient air Determination of the mass concentration of nitrogen oxides Chemiluminescence method PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 5 3 Terms, definitions
29、and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply. 3.1.1 concentration of nitrogen oxides NO xstoichiometric sum of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) Note 1 to entry: For grade 999 nitrogen or air: the
30、 purity of the gas should be equal at least to 99,9 %. 3.1.2 photocatalyst Catalyst able to produce, upon absorption of light, chemical transformations of the reaction partners Note 1 to entry: The excited state of the photocatalyst repeatedly interacts with the reaction partners forming reaction in
31、termediates and regenerates itself after each cycle of such interactions. 3.1.3 photocatalytic materials materials in which or on which the photocatalyst is added by coating, impregnation, mixing, etc 3.2 Abbreviations CSTR Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor C INconcentration at reactor inlet C OUT,DAR
32、Kconcentration of NO and NO 2 at reactor outlet under stable conditions in the dark (no illumination) OUT,light C concentration at reactor outlet under stable conditions with illumination (lamp on) IN NO C concentration of NO at reactor inlet 2 IN NO C concentration of NO 2 at reactor inlet OUT,DARK
33、 NO C concentration of NO at reactor outlet under stable conditions in the dark (no illumination) without sample 2 OUT,DARK NO C concentration of NO 2 at reactor outlet under stable conditions in the dark (no illumination) without sample OUT,DARK NO,S Cconcentration of NO at reactor outlet under sta
34、ble conditions in the dark (no illumination) in presence of sample 2 OUT,DARK NO ,S Cconcentration of NO 2 at reactor outlet under stable conditions in the dark (no illumination) in presence of sample OUT,LIGHT NO C concentration of NO at reactor outlet under stable conditions with illumination (lam
35、p on) without sample OUT,LIGHT NO,0 C concentration of NO at reactor outlet under illumination of sample measured at fan speed at nominal voltage V 0 PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 6 2 OUT,LIGHT NO ,0 C concentration NO 2 at reactor outlet under illumination of sample measured at fan
36、 speed nominal voltage V 0 F Flow F v,i fan flow at i thpotential I irradiance LED light emitting diodes MM molecular mass P pressure in atmosphere PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene R ideal gas constant RH gas relative humidity at 25 C inside the reactor dark NOconversion of NO in the dark 2 dark NOconve
37、rsion to NO 2 in the dark PHOTO NO,lampconversion of NO under illumination without sample total NO ,iconversion of NO measured with fan speed at i thpotential 2 total NO ,iconversion to NO 2 measured with fan speed at i thpotential photo NO,i rNO abatement rate at each fan speed (i = 0n) 2 photo NO
38、,i rNO 2 photocatalytic production rate at each fan speed (i = 0n) x photo NO ,i rNO x abatement rate correspond to NO abatement rate minus NO 2 photocatalytic production rate photoCAT NO r NO photocatalytic degradation rate intrinsic to the surface of the material, after removing the mass transfer
39、limitations X photoCAT NO r NO x photocatalytic degradation rate intrinsic to the surface of the material, after removing the mass transfer limitations UV-A ultraviolet with wavelength ( ) situated between 315 nm and 400 nm (IUPAC) V 0 fan nominal operating potential (in Volt) V min fan minimum oper
40、ating potential (in Volt) set by the manufacturer S Sample T temperature in Kelvin t stab time to reach the stability of NO concentration UV UltraViolet Vr Reactor net volume PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 7 4 Principle The method consists in measuring the photocatalytic abatement of
41、 nitric oxide (NO) by photocatalytic materials as specified in paragraph 1 using a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) with flow tangential to the sample. Information on the theory is reported in the specialized literature (Minero et al. 2013). The residual NO and NOx concentration at the CSTR ou
42、tlet is measured by a chemiluminescence analyser (ISO 7996). The photocatalytic activity test is carried out using chromatographic grade air, also obtained by mixing pure gases, to which NO is added in such an amount as to simulate a high degree of air pollution. The NO concentration is set to (0,50
43、 0,05) ppmv. 5 Interferences Any measurement interferences are reported in the technical specifications of the chemiluminescence analyser. As what is measured are all species that can be converted by reduction to NO, NO 2 concentration is here defined as NO 2 = NO x-NO. For interferences on chemilum
44、inescence detection, see Winer et al. (1974). 6 Apparatus The test apparatus shall consist of the following main components. 6.1 Gas mixture preparation system. The system used for preparing the reaction mixture is shown in Figure 1. The mass flow controllers, calibrated and traceable, shall ensure
45、a maximum flow consistent with that needed for a correct test execution. To ensure the necessary accuracy, the flow shall not exceed 90 % of the rated full scale. As an example, to obtain the gas mixture only gases of chromatographic grade or higher purity shall be used. Instead of dry air cylinders
46、, two separate cylinders of pure N 2 and O 2 can be used at the inlet of mass-flow controllers, adjusted so as to produce a mixture consisting of 20,8 % of O 2 and 79,2 % of N 2. The NO concentration to flow #1 is set to (0,50 0,05) ppmv. PD CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 CEN/TS 16980-1:2016 (E) 8 a) Relative
47、humidity is set by regulating the flow to U, which is downstream to F b) Relative humidity is set by regulating the pressure before U and F Key S 1 source of nitric oxide NO diluted in N 2 S 2 cylinder of air (chromatographic grade) or, alternatively, individual cylinders of N 2 and O 2 (chromatogra
48、phic grade) F flow controller with mass-flow controllers (2 or 3) P pressure regulators with low-pressure manometers U humidifier maintained at controlled temperature F#1 flow entering the reactor Figure 1 Gas mixture preparation system The humidification of the gas mixture can be obtained with two
49、different configurations: a) using two mass flow controllers regulating the flow to U, as in Figure 1 left; b) using one mass flow controller regulating the pressure on U, as in Figure 1 right. The gas mixture preparation system shall ensure a relative humidity of (40 5) % inside the CSTR reactor. The relative humidity shall be measured either inside the reactor R (Figure 2) or immediately at its outlet on flow 2 of Figure 2 by means of a hygro-thermometer. 6.2 Illumination and measuring system: 6.2.1 General: The light source arrangement
