1、BSI Standards Publication Superconductivity Part 20: Superconducting wires Categories of practical superconducting wires General characteristics and guidance PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TR 61788-20:2014. The UK participation in its
2、 preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee L/-/90, Super Conductivity. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its corr
3、ect application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 87161 0 ICS 29.050 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and S
4、trategy Committee on 31 August 2014. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014 IEC TR 61788-20 Edition 1.0 2014-07 TECHNICAL REPORT Superconductivity Part 20: Superconducting wires Categories of practical superconducting wires Genera
5、l characteristics and guidance INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION R ICS 29.050 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-8322-1779-5 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014
6、2 IEC TR 61788-20:2014 IEC 2014 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions 7 4 Categories of practical SC wires 7 5 Technical sheet assisting in the specification and the use of practical SC wires. 8 6 Class of practical SC wires 8 7 Product par
7、ameters . 8 8 Joints 8 9 Appearance . 8 10 Quality assurance 8 11 Test methods . 8 12 Inspection 9 13 Shipping label 9 Annex A (informative) Structural characteristics of practical SC wires 10 A.1 General . 10 A.2 Overview of SC materials 10 A.3 Overview of functional components . 10 A.3.1 Matrix ma
8、terials . 10 A.3.2 Stabilizer . 11 A.3.3 Reinforcing component 11 A.3.4 Insulation . 11 Annex B (informative) Classes of practical SC wires 13 B.1 Nb-Ti group . 13 B.2 Nb 3 Sn group . 13 B.3 MgB 214 B.4 BSCCO group . 15 B.5 REBCO group . 15 Annex C (informative) Technical information assisting in th
9、e specification and use of practical SC wires 17 C.1 General . 17 C.2 Product parameters 17 C.3 Appearance 17 C.4 Quality assurance . 17 C.5 Test methods 17 C.6 Technical record . 18 Bibliography 19 PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014IEC TR 61788-20:2014 IEC 2014 3 Table B.1 Constituents composing the Nb-Ti gro
10、up SC wires . 13 Table B.2 Constituents composing the Nb 3 Sn group SC wires . 14 Table B.3 Constituents composing the MgB 2SC wires 14 Table B.4 Constituents composing the BSCCO SC wires . 15 Table B.5 Constituents composing REBCO SC wires . 16 PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014 4 IEC TR 61788-20:2014 IEC 201
11、4 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Part 20: Superconducting wires Categories of practical superconducting wires General characteristics and guidance FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
12、 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards,
13、 Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparator
14、y work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizatio
15、ns. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of rec
16、ommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by
17、any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional p
18、ublication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by ind
19、ependent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for an
20、y personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normati
21、ve references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsi
22、ble for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as
23、 an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC 61788-20, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 90: Superconductivity. PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014IEC TR 61788-20:2014 IEC 2014 5 The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enq
24、uiry draft Report on voting 90/335/DTR 90/344/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of th
25、e IEC 61788-20 series, published under the general title Superconductivity, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related
26、to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014 6 IEC TR 61788-20:2014 IEC 2014 INTRODUCTION Superconducting (SC) wires
27、 are a central and often enabling technology of many important industrial products. Consensus-based standards for SC wires greatly facilitate the creation of procurement specifications, design and engineering of components, certification of quality, description of operating devices, and generalizati
28、on of use in industrial technologies. The present technical report (TR IEC61788-20) provides a description of the general features of practical SC wires. The practical low temperature superconducting (LTS) wires have been used extensively in a variety of applications since the late 1960s. These appl
29、ications include magnetic resonance imaging magnets, research and accelerator magnets, and systems for cutting-edge scientific research. High temperature superconductors (HTS), discovered in 1986, allow operation of superconductor-based technologies with less expensive and more efficient refrigerati
30、on systems. These new materials will provide wires that will enable new applications, some of which may not be possible with LTS wires. Many fabrication routes and conductor architectures are well established for superconducting wires, and these engineering routes have a number of general characteri
31、stics that are fundamental to enabling industrial products. Practical superconducting wires are those forms of SC wires that are nearly identical to other common electrical conductors such as those made from copper or aluminium. The appearance of low temperature superconductive wires is, for instanc
32、e, very similar to commercial electrical copper wires or tin-plated copper wires, because they are covered with stabilization or reinforcing components consisting of metallic elements. Often practical SC wires are supplied in long lengths on wire spools. As such, practical SC wires can be used in pr
33、oducts and applications almost interchangeably with common wires. The technical aspects of superconductivity impose, however, certain considerations that might be taken into account in specifications for procurement, design and engineering, testing and certification, quality control, and other comme
34、rce. These aspects can be complicated, making practical SC wires less accessible to the non-technical user despite the best efforts of SC wire suppliers to market their products. This document intends to provide descriptions of the technical aspects of practical SC wires in terms of simple general c
35、haracteristics to assist in the specification and use of superconducting wire products. It might be noted that this document gives some general characteristics of practical SC wires at the present state, but not any type of specifications for the wires or for the processing of the wire. Thus the pre
36、sent technical report that provides general characteristics and guidance with respect to practical SC wires is recommended as a first priority for both producers and users of superconducting technology. PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014IEC TR 61788-20:2014 IEC 2014 7 SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Part 20: Superconducting
37、 wires Categories of practical superconducting wires General characteristics and guidance 1 Scope This part of IEC 61788, which is a technical report, provides general characteristics and guidance on practical SC wires. Particular focus is given to the characteristics that are different from those o
38、f ordinary copper and aluminium wires, since practical SC wires have appearance nearly identical to common electrical wires and can be used interchangeably with them. On the other hand, the practical SC wires are typically composite materials consisting of several functional materials as described i
39、n Annex A. Many forms of SC wires are described in Section 4 of IEC 60050-815, including single core wires, multi-filamentary superconducting wires, composite superconductors and coated conductors. These wires as well as others that might be described as monolithic composite superconducting wires wi
40、ll be the focus in this technical report. A wire is considered as being practical if it can be procured in sufficiently continuous lengths under ordinary commercial transactions to build devices. Conductors made of multiple wires, such as cables, for example, are not included in this scope. Since th
41、is report only addresses the characteristics of practical wires, other wires such as prototype, test sample and developmental wires are not included in the scope of this technical report. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document
42、 and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (available at: ) 3 Terms and de
43、finitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-815 apply. 4 Categories of practical SC wires Industrially available SC materials are classified into two categories by IEC 60050-815. The low temperature superconductors have a critical temperature less than 2
44、5 K. They are typically in the Nb-Ti group and Nb 3 Sn group, which is an intermetallic compound. The other category consists of high temperature superconductors such as BSCCO and REBCO and the intermetallic compound MgB 2 . In the present document, the five types of SC wire based on the aforementio
45、ned five superconductor materials may be prescribed as practical SC wires, of which the additional details are mentioned in Annexes A and B. When a new superconducting PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014 8 IEC TR 61788-20:2014 IEC 2014 material is industrialized into wire form in the future, the current general
46、 requirements should be modified by introducing it as a new practical SC wire. 5 Technical sheet assisting in the specification and the use of practical SC wires General items to agree between the supplier and the customer at the time of contract or purchase order are listed as follows. Except the r
47、ecommended items mentioned here, additional items providing for the specification are described in Annex C. The technical sheet may be executed. 6 Class of practical SC wires One of the practical SC wires described in Clause 4 may be specified. Additional informative items are mentioned in Annex B.
48、7 Product parameters Dimension may be settled in terms of the diameter of the round wire or the width / thickness of the rectangular wire together with the tolerance. Length and/or weight may be definitely settled. The necessity of insulation may be designated. The type of spooling may be designated
49、. The shipping label designated in Clause 13 may be attached on the shipped product. Additional informative items are mentioned in Annex C. 8 Joints Unless otherwise agreed upon by a customer and a supplier, no joints may be made in the completed wire. If joints are permitted within the wire, the customer and supplier are required to agree on the quantity and properties of the joints. 9 Appearance The appearance of the wire should be free from any imperfection not consistent with
