1、BSI Standards Publication Instrument transformers Part 102: Ferroresonance oscillations in substations with inductive voltage transformers PD IEC/TR 61869-102:2014National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TR 61869-102:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was
2、entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/38, Instrument transformers. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applicat
3、ion. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 84649 6 ICS 17.220.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy C
4、ommittee on 31 March 2014. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD IEC/TR 61869-102:2014 IEC TR 61869-102 Edition 1.0 2014-01 TECHNICAL REPORT Instrument transformers Part 102: Ferroresonance oscillations in substations with inductive voltage transform
5、ers INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION XA ICS 17.220.20 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-8322-1308-7 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside PD IEC/TR 61869-102:2014 2 TR 618
6、69-102 IEC:2014(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references 8 3 Introduction to ferroresonance oscillations . 8 3.1 Definition of ferroresonance . 8 3.2 Excitation of steady state and non-steady state ferroresonance oscillations . 10 4 Single phase and three phase osci
7、llations . 12 4.1 Single phase ferroresonance oscillations . 12 4.2 The simplified circuit for the single phase ferroresonance oscillations 13 4.3 Capacitive voltage transformers . 15 4.4 Three-phase ferroresonance oscillations 15 4.4.1 General 15 4.4.2 Configuration 15 4.4.3 Ferroresonance generati
8、on . 16 4.4.4 Resulting waveform of ferroresonance oscillation . 16 4.4.5 Typical oscillogram of three phase ferroresonance . 19 5 Examples of ferroresonance configurations . 20 5.1 Single-phase ferroresonance power line field in a 245 kV outdoor substation 20 5.2 Single phase ferroresonance oscilla
9、tions due to line coupling 22 5.3 Three-phase ferroresonance oscillations 25 6 Inductive voltage transformer (key parts) . 26 7 The circuit of the single-phase ferroresonance configuration . 28 7.1 Schematic diagram 28 7.2 Magnetisation characteristic . 29 7.3 Circuit losses . 30 8 Necessary informa
10、tion for ferroresonance investigation . 31 8.1 General 31 8.2 Single phase ferroresonance 31 8.3 Three phase ferroresonance 32 9 Computer simulation of ferroresonance oscillations . 33 9.1 General 33 9.2 Electrical circuit and circuit elements . 33 9.3 Circuit losses . 33 9.4 Examples of simulation
11、results for single phase ferroresonance oscillations . 33 9.4.1 General 33 9.4.2 Case 1: Transient, decreasing ferroresonance oscillation . 34 9.4.3 Case 2: Steady-state ferroresonance oscillation at network frequency . 34 9.4.4 Case 3: Steady-state subharmonic ferroresonance oscillation. 35 9.4.5 C
12、ase 4: Steady-state chaotic ferroresonance oscillation . 36 9.5 Simulation of three phase ferroresonance 37 PD IEC/TR 61869-102:2014TR 61869-102 IEC:2014(E) 3 10 Experimental investigations, test methods and practical measurements. 38 10.1 General 38 10.2 Single-phase ferroresonance oscillations . 3
13、8 10.3 Three-phase ferroresonance oscillations 41 11 Avoidance and suppression of ferroresonance oscillations 42 11.1 Flow diagram . 42 11.2 Existing substations . 44 11.3 New projects 44 11.4 Avoidance of ferroresonance oscillations . 44 11.4.1 General 44 11.4.2 Single phase ferroresonance oscillat
14、ions 44 11.4.3 Three phase ferroresonance oscillations . 45 11.5 Damping of ferroresonance oscillation . 45 11.5.1 General 45 11.5.2 Single-phase ferroresonance oscillations 45 11.5.3 Three-phase-ferroresonance oscillations 47 Annex A (informative) Oscillations in non-linear circuits . 49 A.1 Overvi
15、ew 49 A.2 The simplification of non-linear electrical circuits with the theorem of Thvenin 51 A.3 The differential equation for ferroresonance oscillations . 51 A.4 Oscillation frequencies in ferroresonance systems . 53 Bibliography 54 Figure 1 Example of a typical magnetisation characteristic of a
16、ferromagnetic core 9 Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the simplest ferroresonance circuit 9 Figure 3 Examples of measured single-phase ferroresonance oscillation with 16 2 / 3Hz oscillation 11 Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a de-energised outgoing feeder bay with voltage transformers as an example in wh
17、ich single-phase ferroresonance oscillations can occur 12 Figure 5 Diagram of a network situation that tends toward single-phase ferroresonance oscillations, in which they can be excited and maintained over the capacitive coupling of parallel overhead power line systems . 13 Figure 6 Electrical circ
18、uits for theoretical analysis of a single-phase ferroresonance oscillation . 14 Figure 7 Insulated network as an example of a schematic diagram of a situation in which a three-phase ferroresonance oscillation can occur . 15 Figure 8 Phasor diagram to explain the oscillation of the earth potential 16
19、 Figure 9 Laboratory test set used by Bergmann . 17 Figure 10 Domains in the capacitance C and line voltage U where different harmonic and sub-harmonic ferroresonance oscillations are obtained for a given resistance R of 6,7 in Bergmanns test set . 18 Figure 11 Domains in the capacitance C and line
20、voltage U where second sub- harmonic ferroresonance oscillations are obtained for a variation of the resistance R in Bergmanns test set 18 Figure 12 Domains in the capacitance C and line voltage U where different modes of second sub-harmonic ferroresonance oscillations are obtained for a given resis
21、tance R of 6,7 in Bergmanns test set . 19 Figure 13 Fault recorder display of a three-phase ferroresonance oscillation . 20 PD IEC/TR 61869-102:2014 4 TR 61869-102 IEC:2014(E) Figure 14 Switching fields in the 245 kV substation in which single-phase ferroresonances occur 21 Figure 15 Examples of osc
22、illations of single-phase ferroresonance when switching off the circuit breaker in Figure 14 . 22 Figure 16 Single-phase schematic of the network situation on the 60 kV voltage level in the area of substations 1, 2, and 3 23 Figure 17 Tower schematic of the common stretch of overhead lines between s
23、ubstations 1 and 2 . 24 Figure 18 Ferroresonance oscillations recorded in line no. 5 at Substation 2 . 24 Figure 19 Single-line diagram of the 170-kV substation (left) and the 12-kV substation (right); where during switching operation three phase ferroresonance oscillations occurred . 25 Figure 20 O
24、scillograms of the three-phase voltages at inductive voltage transformer T04 (Figure 19) . 26 Figure 21 Schematic circuit of voltage transformer and the simplification for ferroresonace studies . 27 Figure 22 Circuit for the analysis of single-phase ferroresonance oscillation 29 Figure 23 Example of
25、 a hysteresis curve of a voltage transformer core measured at 50 Hz 30 Figure 24 Schematic diagram for three phase ferroresonance oscillation . 32 Figure 25 Transient decreasing ferroresonance oscillation with the fifth subharmonic 50/5 Hz (10 Hz) 34 Figure 26 Steady state ferroresonance oscillation
26、 with network frequency . 35 Figure 27 Steady state ferroresonance oscillation with 10 Hz . 36 Figure 28 Steady state chaotic ferroresonance oscillation 37 Figure 29 Example of the connection of a measuring resistor for capturing the current signal through the voltage transformers primary winding at
27、 terminal N (see connection diagram in Figure 30) 39 Figure 30 Current measurement through voltage transformers primary winding and the voltage at the secondary winding 40 Figure 31 Measurement of a single-phase ferroresonance oscillation . 41 Figure 32 Measurement of three-phase ferroresonance osci
28、llations with an oscilloscope 42 Figure 33 Flow diagram for analysis and avoidance of ferroresonance oscillations. 43 Figure 34 Electrical circuit with damping device (red circles) connected to the secondary winding of the voltage transformer . 45 Figure 35 Example of successful damping of single-ph
29、ase ferroresonance oscillations of 16 2 / 3Hz . 46 Figure 36 Damping of the ferroresonance oscillation in the open delta connection of the voltage transformers in the feeder bay 47 Figure 37 Damping of ferroresonance oscillations with voltage transformer in the star point of the power transformer 48
30、 Figure A.1 A simplified electrical circuit for the analysis of ferroresonance oscillation 49 Figure A.2 Diagram for the derivation of non-linear differential equation of second order . 52 Figure A.3 A non-linear oscillation system 53 Table 1 Types of excitation and possible developments of ferrores
31、onance oscillations. 10 Table 2 Parameters . 31 PD IEC/TR 61869-102:2014TR 61869-102 IEC:2014(E) 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS PART 102: FERRORESONANCE OSCILLATIONS IN SUBSTATIONS WITH INDUCTIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnic
32、al Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this e
33、nd and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Com
34、mittee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in
35、accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from al
36、l interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held r
37、esponsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any diver
38、gence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC m
39、arks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual expe
40、rts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC P
41、ublication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC P
42、ublication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it h
43、as collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC 61869-102, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 38: Instrument transformers. The text of this technical report is based o
44、n the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 38/440A/DTR 38/445/RVC PD IEC/TR 61869-102:2014 6 TR 61869-102 IEC:2014(E) Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been d
45、rafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all the parts in the IEC 61869 series, published under the general title Instrument transformers, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stabi
46、lity date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPOR
47、TANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. PD IEC/TR 61869-102:2014TR 61869-102 IEC:2014(E) 7
48、INTRODUCTION During the last twenty years ferroresonance oscillations in substations with inductive voltage transformers according to IEC 61869-3 or with combined transformers according to IEC 61869-4 were discussed in the international Cigr working groups and in IEEE committees in the US. The resul
49、ts were published in Cigr 1 technical report or IEEE 2 publications. The reasons for these publications were the more frequent occurrence of ferroresonance oscillations in substations. As a consequence of the price pressure on the operating authorities and the component manufacturers such as instrument transformers, power transformers and grading capacitors for high-performance circuit breakers have led to an increasingly
