1、Power systems management and associated information exchange Data and communications security Part 13: Guidelines on security topics to be covered in standards and specifications PD IEC/TR 62351-13:2016 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewo
2、rd This Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TR 62351-13:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/57, Power systems management and associated information exchange. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on req
3、uest to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 93723 1 ICS 33.200 Compliance with a Briti
4、sh Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD IEC/TR 62351-13:2016 IEC TR 6
5、2351-13 Edition 1.0 2016-08 TECHNICAL REPORT Power systems management and associated information exchange Data and communications security Part 13: Guidelines on security topics to be covered in standards and specifications INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 33.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-3571-3
6、Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside PD IEC/TR 62351-13:2016 2 IEC TR 62351-13:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references. 8
7、 3 Terms and definitions 8 4 Abbreviated terms and acronyms . 9 5 Security requirements for users and applications interacting with automation systems . 9 5.1 Risk assessment, security policies and security requirements 9 5.2 User-focused cybersecurity procedures and techniques . 12 6 Information an
8、d communication technology (ICT) cryptographic techniques 14 6.1 General . 14 6.2 Best practices for specifying cryptography . 14 6.3 Cryptographic methods . 15 6.4 Internet cryptography 15 6.5 Wireless cryptography . 16 6.6 Key management using public key cryptography 16 6.7 Multicast and group key
9、s . 17 6.8 Device and platform integrity . 18 6.9 Design secure network configurations 18 6.10 Network and system management (NSM) . 18 6.11 Defence-in-depth 18 6.12 Security testing and validation procedures . 19 6.13 Security interoperability . 19 6.14 Additional cybersecurity techniques . 19 7 En
10、gineering design and configuration management for grid resilience . 20 7.1 Intertwining of cyber security and engineering to provide grid resilience . 20 7.2 Security planning 20 7.3 Engineering strategies for security . 21 7.4 System engineering practices and configurations . 21 7.5 Power system eq
11、uipment monitoring, analysis, and control 22 7.6 Centralized monitoring and control 22 7.7 Centralized power system analysis and control 23 7.8 Testing . 23 7.9 Training 24 8 Correlation of cyber security with information exchange standards 24 8.1 Concepts for correlating cyber security with informa
12、tion exchange standards . 24 8.2 Security for different OSI reference model layers . 27 8.3 Interrelationships between the IEC 62351 security standards and IEC communication standards 28 Bibliography . 29 Figure 1 Security requirements, threats, and possible attacks . 7 Figure 2 Focus of different s
13、ecurity standards and guidelines . 10 Figure 3 General security process Continuous cycle 20 PD IEC/TR 62351-13:2016IEC TR 62351-13:2016 IEC 2016 3 Figure 4 ISO/OSI 7-Layer reference model and GWAC Stack reference model 25 Figure 5 Core Smart Grid standards for utilities 26 Figure 6 Customer-focused
14、Smart Grid standards . 26 Figure 7 Interrelationships between the IEC 62351 security standards and certain IEC communication standards . 28 PD IEC/TR 62351-13:2016 4 IEC TR 62351-13:2016 IEC 2016 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ POWER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND ASSOCIATED INFORMATION EXCHANGE
15、 DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY Part 13: Guidelines on security topics to be covered in standards and specifications FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Com
16、mittees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Avai
17、lable Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental o
18、rganizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technic
19、al matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC
20、National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformi
21、ty, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC
22、 itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure t
23、hat they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any n
24、ature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referen
25、ced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main
26、 task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“.
27、 IEC TR 62351-13, which is a Technical Report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 57: Power systems management and associated information exchange. PD IEC/TR 62351-13:2016IEC TR 62351-13:2016 IEC 2016 5 The text of this Technical Report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Re
28、port on voting 57/1678/DTR 57/1727/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 62351
29、 series, published under the general title Power systems management and associated information exchange Data and communications security, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the I
30、EC website under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo o
31、n the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. PD IEC/TR 62351-13:2016 6 IEC TR 62351-13:2016 IEC 2016 INTRODUCTION This docume
32、nt provides guidelines on what security topics should be covered in standards and specifications (IEC or otherwise) that are to be used in the power industry. These guidelines cannot be prescriptive for every standard, since individual standards and specifications may legitimately have very differen
33、t focuses, but it should be expected that the combination of such standards and specifications used in any implementation should cover these security topics. These guidelines could therefore be used as a checklist for the combination of standards and specifications used in implementations of systems
34、. The security requirements for human users and software applications are different from the purely technical security requirements found in many communication and device standards. For user security standards, more emphasis should be on “policy and procedures” and “roles and authorization” rather t
35、han “bits and bytes” cryptographic technologies that should be included in Information and Communications Technology (ICT). In addition, engineering practices and system configurations should be taken into account, since no cryptography can compensate for poor design. Figure 1 illustrates the relati
36、onships between security requirements, threats, and attacks. This document is structured into four sections: Clause 5: Security requirements for standards and specifications which do not address specific cybersecurity technologies but where interactions between human users, software applications, an
37、d smart devices should be secured. Clause 6: Security requirements for standards and specifications that address information and communication technologies (ICT). Clause 7: Engineering design and configuration requirements that provide system reliability, defence in depth, and other security threat
38、mitigations. Clause 8: Security requirements related to the OSI reference model. PD IEC/TR 62351-13:2016IEC TR 62351-13:2016 IEC 2016 7 Figure 1 Security requirements, threats, and possible attacks IEC Attacks Threats Requirements Attacks Threats Confidentiality Integrity Availability Accountability
39、 Resource exhaustion Integrity violation Planted in system Virus/Worms Trojan horse Trapdoor Service spoofing Stolen/Altered Repudiation Eavesdropping Traffic analysis EM/RF interception Indiscretions by personnel Media scavenging Listening After the fact Denial of service Interactions Masquerade By
40、passing controls Authorization violation Physical intrusion Man in the middle Integrity violation Theft Replay Intercept/Alter Repudiation Modification Unauthorized access to information Unauthorized modification or theft of information Denial of service or prevention of authorized access Denial tha
41、t action took place or claim of action that did not take place Cybersecurity requirements, threats, and attacks PD IEC/TR 62351-13:2016 8 IEC TR 62351-13:2016 IEC 2016 POWER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND ASSOCIATED INFORMATION EXCHANGE DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY Part 13: Guidelines on security topics
42、 to be covered in standards and specifications 1 Scope This part of IEC 62351, which is a Technical Report, provides guidelines on what security topics could or should be covered in standards and specifications (IEC or otherwise) that are to be used in the power industry, and the audience is therefo
43、re the developers of standards and specifications. These guidelines cannot be prescriptive for every standard, since individual standards and specifications may legitimately have very different focuses, but it should be expected that the combination of such standards and specifications used in any i
44、mplementation should cover these security topics. These guidelines are therefore to be used as a checklist for the combination of standards and specifications used in implementations of systems. Out-of-scope are explicit methods for cyber security in product development, implementations, or operatio
45、ns. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (inclu
46、ding any amendments) applies. IEC TS 62351-2, Power systems management and associated information exchange Data and communications security Part 2: Glossary of terms 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC TS 62351-2 and the following apply.
47、ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 3.1 end-to-end security reliance on security policies, procedures, and tech
48、nologies which guarantees secure data exchange between a source (sender) and a sink (receiver), preventing third-parties from unauthorized access and/or modifications of these data while transferred from one end to the other through multiple devices PD IEC/TR 62351-13:2016IEC TR 62351-13:2016 IEC 20
49、16 9 4 Abbreviated terms and acronyms Acronym Definition NISTIR National Institute of Standards and Technology Internal Report NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NERC North American Electric Reliability Corporation ISO International Standards Organization 5 Security requirements for users and applications interacting with automation systems 5.1 Risk assessment, security policies and security requirements The following general cyber security con
