1、Guidance on clearances and creepage distances in particular for distances equal to or less than 2 mm Test results of research on influencing parameters PD IEC/TR 63040:2016 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National foreword This Published Document is
2、the UK implementation of IEC/TR 63040:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/109, Insulation co-ordination for low voltage equipment. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication do
3、es not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 93072 0 ICS 29.080.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
4、 legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD IEC/TR 63040:2016 IEC TR 63040 Edition 1.0 2016-09 TECHNICAL REPORT
5、 Guidance on clearances and creepage distances in particular for distances equal to or less than 2 mm Test results of research on influencing parameters INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 29.080.30 ISBN 978-2-8322-3656-7 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commissio
6、n Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside PD IEC/TR 63040:2016 2 IEC TR 63040:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references. 7 3 Terms and definitions 7 4 Fundamental aspects and phenomena of clearanc
7、e and creepage distances. 9 4.1 Mutual correlation of insulation characteristics with regard to environmental conditions . 9 4.2 Pollution . 9 4.2.1 General . 9 4.2.2 Humidity level (HL) . 10 4.2.3 Relation of humidity levels to macro-environment . 10 4.2.4 Comparative tracking index (CTI) . 11 4.2.
8、5 Flashover characteristics 11 5 Clearances and creepage distances . 12 5.1 General . 12 5.2 Clearances . 12 5.2.1 Influencing criteria . 12 5.2.2 Altitude 14 5.3 Creepage distances 16 5.3.1 General . 16 5.3.2 Influencing factors 16 5.3.3 Dimensioning of creepage distances of functional insulation .
9、 22 6 Additional information regarding creepage distance characteristics surface current over a creepage distance (minimum insulation resistance) 22 7 Water adsorption test . 24 7.1 Object . 24 7.2 Withstand characteristics of creepage distances under high humidity . 24 7.3 Recommended test method .
10、 25 7.3.1 Test specimen . 25 7.3.2 Measurement of the impulse withstand voltage . 25 7.3.3 Procedure for characterization of the insulating materials 25 7.4 Definitions of the water adsorption groups . 26 8 Dimensioning diagrams 28 9 Withstand voltage test for creepage distance under humidity condit
11、ions 32 Bibliography . 33 Figure 1 Clearances in air for mutual correlation of insulation characteristics to withstand transient overvoltages up to 2 000 m above sea level . 14 Figure 2 Creepage distances for mutual correlation of insulation characteristics to avoid failure due to tracking 19 Figure
12、 3 Creepage distances for mutual correlation of insulation characteristics to avoid flashover . 21 Figure 4 Creepage distances required to maintain minimum insulation resistance 24 Figure 5 Layout of the test specimen 27 PD IEC/TR 63040:2016IEC TR 63040:2016 IEC 2016 3 Figure 6 Test circuit . 27 Fig
13、ure 7 Critical relative humidity of insulating materials . 28 Figure 8 Diagram for dimensioning of clearances 2 mm for circuits directly connected to the supply mains (for low-voltage equipment up to 2 000 m) 29 Figure 9 Diagram for dimensioning of clearances 2 mm for circuits not directly connected
14、 to the supply mains (for low-voltage equipment up to 2 000 m) 30 Figure 10 Diagram for dimensioning of creepage distances 2 mm (for low-voltage equipment up to 2 000 m) 31 Figure 11 Withstand voltage test for creepage distance under humidity conditions . 32 Table 1 Relation of the humidity levels t
15、o macro-environments 10 Table 2 Clearances for mutual correlation of insulation characteristics to withstand transient overvoltages . 13 Table 3 Clearances to withstand steady-state voltages, temporary overvoltages or recurring peak voltages . 15 Table 4 Creepage distances for mutual correlation of
16、insulation characteristics in equipment to avoid failure due to tracking . 18 Table 5 Creepage distances for mutual correlation of insulation characteristics to avoid flashover . 20 Table 6 Minimum insulation resistance . 22 Table 7 Creepage distances to maintain minimum insulation resistance (witho
17、ut condensation) . 23 PD IEC/TR 63040:2016 4 IEC TR 63040:2016 IEC 2016 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ GUIDANCE ON CLEARANCES AND CREEPAGE DISTANCES IN PARTICULAR FOR DISTANCES EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN 2 mm TEST RESULTS OF RESEARCH ON INFLUENCING PARAMETERS FOREWORD 1) The International El
18、ectrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic field
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27、, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements o
28、f this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Repo
29、rt when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC TR 63040, which is a Technical Report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 109: Insulation co-ordination for low-voltage equipment. The t
30、ext of this Technical Report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 109/140/DTR 109/144/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. PD IEC/TR 63040:2016IEC TR 63040:2016 I
31、EC 2016 5 This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specifi
32、c publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours whi
33、ch are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. PD IEC/TR 63040:2016 6 IEC TR 63040:2016 IEC 2016 INTRODUCTION This document provides information on printed board assemblies and other equivalent plane ar
34、rangements of insulation, where the clearance and the creepage distance follows the same path along the surface of solid insulation. This document is based on German research data published in May 1989 9, 10 1 . SC 28A, the predecessor of TC 109, began analysing this research data in November 1990.
35、The following points provide background information to the research. The research was carried out on test samples that were manufactured with the same technology being used for printed circuit boards (PCBs) with selected spacing of circuit patterns from 0,16 mm to 6,3 mm. Ten types of materials were
36、 used for the test samples. The influence of manufacturing operations on the surface of a material, for example moulding or machining, was not part of this research project. The test samples were placed in different locations, such as large city, rural, industrial, desert, sea side, and periodically
37、 exposed to a voltage stress and the data was accumulated over a long period of time. _ 1 Numbers in square brackets refer to the bibliography. PD IEC/TR 63040:2016IEC TR 63040:2016 IEC 2016 7 GUIDANCE ON CLEARANCES AND CREEPAGE DISTANCES IN PARTICULAR FOR DISTANCES EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN 2 mm TEST R
38、ESULTS OF RESEARCH ON INFLUENCING PARAMETERS 1 Scope This document describes test results of research on dimensioning of clearances and creepage distances, for spacing equal to or less than 2 mm for printed wiring material and other equivalent arrangements of insulation, where the clearance and the
39、creepage distance follows the same path along the surface of solid insulation. The information contained in this document is the result of research only and cannot be used for dimensioning the clearances and creepage distances for equipment within low-voltage systems, where IEC 60664-1 applies. Howe
40、ver distances can be taken into account for functional reasons. This document provides results of research related to the following criteria: 1) clearances independent from the micro-environment; 2) creepage distances for pollution degree 1, 2 and 3 which extends the use of smaller distances to prod
41、ucts having design features similar to printed circuit boards; 3) creepage distances to avoid flashover of the insulating surface; 4) information on minimum creepage distances to maintain minimum insulation resistance. A test method for the evaluation of the relevant water adsorption group for the s
42、urface of any insulating material which has not yet been classified is described. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies
43、. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60664-1:2007, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the ter
44、ms and definitions given in IEC 60664-1 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp PD IEC/TR
45、63040:2016 8 IEC TR 63040:2016 IEC 2016 3.1 inhomogeneous field non-uniform field electric field which does not have an essentially constant voltage gradient between electrodes Note 1 to entry: The inhomogeneous field condition of a point-plane electrode configuration is the worst case with regard t
46、o voltage withstand capability and is referred to as case A. It is represented by a point electrode having a 30 m radius and a plane of 1 m 1 m. 3.2 homogeneous field uniform field electric field which has an essentially constant voltage gradient between electrodes Note 1 to entry: The electric fiel
47、d between two spheres where the radius of each sphere is greater than the distance between them is an example of a homogeneous field (case B). 3.3 electrical breakdown failure of insulation under electric stress when the discharge completely bridges the insulation, thus reducing the voltage between
48、the electrodes almost to zero Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document the above definition is used, as the definition in IEC 60050-212:2010, 212-11-33 1 is broader than the scope of this document. 3.4 flashover electrical breakdown along a surface of solid insulation located in a gaseous
49、or liquid medium Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document the above definition is used, as the definition in IEC 60050-212, 212-11-47 is broader than the scope of this document. 3.5 humidity level HL level defining the expected humidity influences in the micro-environment and expressed numerically 3.6 water adsorption capability of an insulating material to adsorb water on its surface 3.7 critical relative humidity value of
