1、BSI Standards Publication Calibration of wavelength/optical frequency measurement instruments Part 3: Optical frequency meters using optical frequency combs PD IEC/TS 62129-3:2014National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TS 62129-3:2014. The UK participation in its pr
2、eparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/86, Fibre optics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct appli
3、cation. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 84250 4 ICS 33.180.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strateg
4、y Committee on 31 August 2014. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD IEC/TS 62129-3:2014 IEC TS 62129-3 Edition 1.0 2014-02 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Calibration of wavelength/optical frequency measurement instruments Part 3: Optical frequency meters u
5、sing optical frequency combs INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION R ICS 33.180.30 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-8322-1421-3 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside PD IEC/TS
6、 62129-3:2014 2 TS 62129-3 IEC:2014(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD . 3 INTRODUCTION . 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions 6 4 Calibration test requirements . 7 4.1 Preparation . 7 4.2 Reference test conditions . 8 4.3 Traceability . 8 4.3.1 General . 8 4.3.2 National standard 8 4.3.3
7、Transfer standard 9 4.3.4 Working standard 9 5 Optical frequency calibration . 9 5.1 General . 9 5.2 Establishing the calibration conditions 11 5.3 Calibration procedure 11 5.3.1 General . 11 5.3.2 Measurement configuration . 11 5.3.3 Detailed procedure 13 5.4 Calibration uncertainty 13 5.5 Reportin
8、g the results . 13 Annex A (normative) Mathematical basis . 14 A.1 General . 14 A.2 Type A evaluation of uncertainty . 14 A.3 Type B evaluation of uncertainty . 15 A.4 Determining the combined standard uncertainty 15 A.5 Reporting 16 Annex B (informative) References of optical frequency comb source
9、. 17 B.1 Method A (mode-locked fibre laser + carrier-envelope phase lock) 17 B.2 Method B (stabilized laser + electro-optical modulator) . 17 B.3 Method C (stabilized laser + supercontinuum source) . 18 Annex C (informative) Frequency-dependence of uncertainty . 19 Bibliography 20 Figure 1 Traceabil
10、ity chain using optical frequency measurement scheme . 9 Figure 2 Schematic configuration of optical frequency measurement technique that uses optical comb . 10 Figure 3 Optical spectra of lasers and optical frequency combs . 11 Figure 4 Optical frequency meter measurement using a reference source 1
11、2 Figure 5 Optical frequency meter measurement using a reference optical frequency meter 12 Figure B.1 Mode-locked laser + nonlinear optical effect . 17 Figure B.2 Electro-optical modulator type comb source 18 Figure B.3 Supercontinuum source 18 PD IEC/TS 62129-3:2014TS 62129-3 IEC:2014(E) 3 INTERNA
12、TIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ CALIBRATION OF WAVELENGTH/OPTICAL FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS Part 3: Optical frequency meters using optical frequency combs FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all natio
13、nal electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical
14、 Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. In
15、ternational, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The
16、 formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendatio
17、ns for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end us
18、er. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication
19、 shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent c
20、ertification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal
21、 injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative referen
22、ces cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for id
23、entifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical specification when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of a
24、n International Standard, despite repeated efforts, or the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard. Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of
25、publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. IEC/TS 62129-3, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics. PD IEC/TS 62129-3:2014 4 TS 62129-3 IEC:2014(E) The text of this technical specification is based on
26、the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 86/461/DTS 86/465/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives
27、, Part 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 62129 series, published under the general title Calibration of wavelength/optical frequency measurement instruments, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability dat
28、e indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be transformed into an International standard, reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication
29、may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. PD IEC/TS 62129
30、-3:2014TS 62129-3 IEC:2014(E) 5 INTRODUCTION It is essential for realizing fibre optic systems that optical channels are defined in the optical frequency domain, not the wavelength domain. One example, the anchor frequency of the ITU-T grid is 193,1 THz, and the channel spacings of the ITU-T grid ar
31、e 12,5 GHz, 25 GHz, 50 GHz, and 100 GHz 2 1 . ITU-T has also discussed -interface systems such as “black link” 3. “Black link” includes WDM MUX/DEMUX and a transmission fibre, and provides -interfaces. Especially in DWDM systems (channel spacing 100 GHz), the uncertainty in specifying optical freque
32、ncy needs to be minimized. To implement future telecom systems, it is expected that optical frequency measurements will need to be extremely precise. For example, to achieve the channel spacing of 25 GHz, signal optical frequency uncertainty (Uf sig ) and required measurement uncertainty (Uf meas )
33、need to be 2 GHz to 200 MHz (Uf sig/ f = 10 5to 10 6 ) and 200 MHz to 2 MHz (Uf meas / f = 10 6to 10 8 ), respectively. Unfortunately, conventional wavelength meters have measurement uncertainties of 10 6to 10 7 . The solution is to use optical frequency measurements since measurement uncertainties
34、can be as small as 10 15to 10 16 , which satisfies the above telecom requirement (Uf meas / f = 10 6to 10 8 ). Therefore, an optical frequency measurement scheme is necessary for the calibration of future telecom systems. Optical frequency measurement technology is progressing rapidly. Many fundamen
35、tal papers have examined the use of equally-spaced “optical frequency comb” lines (spacing of up to 50 GHz) from an optical frequency comb as a “ruler” for optical frequency measurement 4-15. For example, mode-locked lasers with carrier-envelope phase locked enable ultra-low measurement uncertaintie
36、s of 10 15to 10 16 . Some examples of practical optical frequency combs are shown in Annex B (mode-locked fibre laser + carrier-envelope phase lock, stabilized laser + electro-optical modulator, and stabilized laser + supercontinuum source). Frequency measurements provide more accurate values than i
37、nterferometric wavelength measurements in air by eliminating the effects of refractive indices. Furthermore, they allow the measurement devices to be significantly smaller than wavelength meters. _ 1Numbers between square brackets refer to the Bibliography. PD IEC/TS 62129-3:2014 6 TS 62129-3 IEC:20
38、14(E) CALIBRATION OF WAVELENGTH/OPTICAL FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS Part 3: Optical frequency meters using optical frequency combs 1 Scope This part of IEC 62129, which is a technical specification, describes the calibration of optical frequency meters. It is applicable to instruments measurin
39、g the optical frequency emitted from sources that are typical for the fibre-optic communications industry. It is assumed that the optical radiation will be coupled to the optical frequency meter by a single-mode optical fibre. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are
40、normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60793-2-50, Optical fibres Part 2-50: Product specifi
41、cations Sectional specification for class B single-mode fibres IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements IEC 60825-2, Safety of laser products Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS) IEC/TR 61931, Fibre optic Terminology ISO/IEC 98-3
42、, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) ISO/IEC 17025:2005, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions contained in
43、IEC/TR 61931, as well as the following terms and definitions, apply. 3.1 accredited calibration laboratory calibration laboratory authorized by the appropriate national organization to issue calibration certificates with a minimum specified uncertainty, which demonstrate traceability to national mea
44、surement standards 3.2 calibration set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between the values of quantities indicated by a measuring instrument and the corresponding values realized by measurement standards PD IEC/TS 62129-3:2014TS 62129-3 IEC:2014(E) 7 Note 1
45、to entry: The result of a calibration permits either the assignment of values of measurands to the indications or the determination of corrections with respect to indications. Note 2 to entry: A calibration may also determine other metrological properties such as the effect of influence quantities.
46、Note 3 to entry: The result of a calibration may be recorded in a document, sometimes called a calibration certificate or a calibration report. SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.39, modified 16 3.3 national (measurement) standard measurement standard recognized by a national decision to serve, in a c
47、ountry, as the basis for assigning values to other measurement standards of the quantity concerned SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 5.3 modified 3.4 national standards laboratory laboratory which maintains the national measurement standard 3.5 reference standard measurement standard, generally having
48、the highest metrological quality available at a given location or in a given organization, from which measurements made there are derived SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 5.6 modified 3.6 traceability property of the result of a measurement or the value of a measurement standard whereby it can be rela
49、ted to stated references, usually national or international measurement standards, through an unbroken chain of comparisons all having stated uncertainties SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.41 modified 3.7 traceability chain unbroken chain of comparison SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.42 modified 3.8 working standard measurement standard that is used routinely to calibrate or check measuring instruments Note 1 to entry: A working standard is u
