1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/TS 16277-1:2015 Health informatics Categorial structures of clinical findings in traditional medicine Part 1: Traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean medicinePD ISO/TS 16277-1:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation
2、 of ISO/TS 16277-1:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/35, Health informatics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisio
3、ns of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 83593 3 ICS 35.240.80 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was publis
4、hed under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2015. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affectedPD ISO/TS 16277-1:2015 ISO 2015 Health informatics Categorial structures of clinical findings in traditional medicine Part 1: Traditional Chinese, J
5、apanese and Korean medicine Informatique de sant Structures catgorielles des recherches cliniques en mdecine traditionnelle Partie 1: Mdecine traditionnelle de l Asie de lest TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 16277-1 Reference number ISO/TS 16277-1:2015(E) First edition 2015-05-01PD ISO/TS 16277-1:2015
6、 ISO/TS 16277-1:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
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8、iso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandPD ISO/TS 16277-1:2015 ISO/TS 16277-1:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 3.1 General . 1 3.2 Core categories . 3 3.3 Characterizing categories 4 3.4 Semantic links (3.1.10) with domain con
9、straints (3.1.7) . 6 3.5 Semantic links (3.1.10) adopted from ISO/TS 22789:2010 7 4 Categorial structure (3.1.2) for clinical findings in TM-CJK 8 4.1 General considerations 8 4.2 Principles . 8 4.3 Domain constraints (3.1.7) . 8 4.4 Category names in Clause 3 . 9 4.5 Adoption from and harmonization
10、 with existing standards . 9 Annex A (informative) Comparison of semantic links with ISO/TS 22789:2010 11 Annex B (informative) Guidance notes for using categorial structures 13 Bibliography .17 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents PagePD ISO/TS 16277-1:2015 ISO/TS 16277-1:2015(E) Foreword ISO
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17、mmittee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 215, Health informatics.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 16277-1:2015 ISO/TS 16277-1:2015(E) Introduction In most countries there are many types of traditional medicine that are distinct from the health care system based on biomedicine. In some
18、 countries this traditional medicine has been institutionalized; in other countries it may have a significant role in health care as an alternative medicine. One type of traditional medicine is traditional Chinese, traditional Japanese, and traditional Korean medicine (TM-CJK), which has spread from
19、 ancient China to other East Asian regions over thousands of years. TM-CJK is now relatively homogenous in terms of theory and practice including: disease classification; diagnostic methods; and treatment modalities such as acupuncture and use of herbs. As in biomedicine, health care professionals s
20、pecializing in this clinical discipline use specific terminologies in their clinical records and documentations as well as in their practice, research and education. There will be several standard TM-CJK terminologies used around the world in Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems both in separate s
21、ystems supporting TM-CJK practice and in systems combining TM-CJK and biomedicine content. Interoperability of health record systems is a core objective of informatics standards; this can be supported by standards for terminologies such as those used in TM-CJK and biomedicine. This Technical Specifi
22、cation provides categorial structures of clinical findings in TM-CJK for the requirements. An essential requirement for sematic interoperability of TM-CJK health records is a categorial-structure driven terminology system for TM-CJK diagnosis. Although there are many terminological resources in TM-C
23、JK in electronic format and also some International Standard TM-CJK terminologies, there are none that meet the requirements of health informatics such as interoperability between systems and machine readability. However, the ICD-11 Traditional Medicine (TM) chapter and ICTM are being developed by t
24、he World Health Organization (WHO) and will meet this criteria with their formal content model which identifies TM diagnostic entities, their properties and value sets. 15Hence This Technical Specification refers to the ICTM content model. This Technical Specification describes the core, underlying
25、components of terminological expressions (i.e. the Categorial Structure) of clinical findings in TM-CJK. It is aligned with ISO/TS 22789:2010 Health informatics Conceptual framework for patient findings and problems in terminologies, which deals with the same domain in biomedicine. It specifies a co
26、ncept system detailing the categories of the domain (clinical findings in TM-CJK) and a domain constraint of sanctioned characteristics, each composed of a semantic link and an applicable characterizing category. An item enclosed by single brackets refers to a category of domain or a characterizing
27、category that can be specialized to various concepts as required. An item enclosed within the text by single accolades identifies a semantic link. The Technical Specification does not specify the names of individual TM-CJK concepts in the definitions. However, when it is necessary to give examples w
28、ith names of concepts in TM-CJK, the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region is used. 1Also current ICD-11 Traditional Medicine chapter(Beta Draft), which is the global reference point, will serve as a repository for examples in the next revisio
29、n. 15International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies (WFCMS) was accessible and considerable for the Technical Specification. 13A future revision of this Technical Specification will incorporate examples from other autho
30、rized standards when they are fully established. When a unique category is introduced and its name is already used in biomedicine, the -TM after the name is used to indicate that the term has a different concept in TM-CJK, for example, disorder-TM is a different concept from disorder in the biomedic
31、ine field. Comparison and alignment with ISO/TS 22789:2010 is presented in Annex A. In Annex B, an informative description of Categorial Structures and their implementation in terms of intersection between terminology models and information models is provided. The building methodology of the categor
32、ial structure in this Technical Specification is the one that was defined by CEN in EN 12264 and applied to different domains, from surgical procedures (EN 1828 2 ) to nursing care (ISO 18104 3 ) and clinical findings of the biomedicine area (ISO/TS 22789). ISO 2015 All rights reserved vPD ISO/TS 16
33、277-1:2015 ISO/TS 16277-1:2015(E) The potential uses for this categorial structure are to: provide a core model to describe the structure of TM-CJK, and facilitate improved semantic correspondence with information models; facilitate the representation of TM-CJK using a standard core model in a manne
34、r suitable for computer processing; support developers of new terminology systems concerning TM-CJK clinical findings; support developers of new detailed content areas of existing terminology systems concerning TM- CJK clinical findings ; facilitate the mapping or integration between TM-CJK terminol
35、ogies and biomedicine terminological systems. The direct users for this Technical Specification are: developers of terminology systems concerning TM-CJK patient findings; developers of information systems that require a structured framework of concepts of TM-CJK patient findings to facilitate implem
36、entation. The following will benefit from this Technical Specification; informaticians, analysts and epidemiologists who require common models of knowledge to facilitate analysis of current and legacy data from one or more information systems; clinicians and coders, to provide greater consistency in
37、 structure and organization when entering and retrieving data using one or more terminology systems.vi ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 16277-1:2015 Health informatics Categorial structures of clinical findings in traditional medicine Part 1: Traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean medicine 1
38、Scope This Technical Specification defines a categorial structure for clinical findings in terminological systems for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Japanese Medicine, and Traditional Korean Medicine (TM-CJK). This Technical Specification defines three subcategories: pattern-TM, disorder-
39、TM and sign an exhaustive list of all possible characterizing concepts that could be used to describe clinical findings; terms/descriptions for individual TM-CJK concepts; a detailed terminology of clinical findings in TM-CJK; categorical structure of diagnosis and treatment on clinical findings in
40、TM-CJK. NOTE This Technical Specification is limited to a subpopulation of clinical findings in traditional medicine. Other types of clinical findings are represented in ISO/TS 22789 although it has not been tested for this purpose. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part
41、, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies ISO/TS 22789:2010, Health informatics Conceptual fra
42、mework for patient findings and problems in terminologies 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 General 3.1.1 concept unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.2.1 TEC
43、HNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 16277-1:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/TS 16277-1:2015 ISO/TS 16277-1:2015(E) 3.1.2 categorial structure minimal set of categories (3.1.4) and the valid relationships between them for representing concepts (3.1.1) in terminological systems for a specified su
44、bject field SOURCE: ISO 18104, definition 3.1.2 3.1.3 characterizing category category (3.1.4) which is allowed by a domain constraint (3.1.7) to specialise a concept (3.1.1) in a particular domain EXAMPLE in performedUsing ; hasLocation , “” and “” is the characterizing category (3.1.3). Note 1 to
45、entry: (3.1.1). 3.1.4 category type of entity (3.1.8) shared by all the individual instances in existence in the present, past and future EXAMPLE The category (3.1.4) is instantiated by oral route and all other routes that meet the defining characteristics (3.5) for . Note 1 to entry: category (3.1.
46、4) is usually described by a superordinate and generic concept (3.1.1). Note 2 to entry: categories (3.1.4) may be more or less general. Where one category (3.1.4) is subsumed by another, the isA relation is asserted to obtain a hierarchy between the more specific or subsumed category (3.1.4) and th
47、e more general or subsuming category (3.1.4). For example, parenteral route is more general than intravenous route. Note 3 to entry: Each entity (3.1.8) instantiates some category (3.1.4). SOURCE: ISO 18104, definition 3.1.3 3.1.5 characteristic abstraction of a property of an object or of a set of
48、objects SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, definition 3.2.4 EXAMPLE Red and gold are the characteristic (3.1.5) colours of autumn. Note 1 to entry: Characteristics (3.5) are used for describing concepts (3.1.1). 3.1.6 clinical findings-TM any state observed directly or indirectly concerning a patient and thei
49、r relationship with the environment according to TM-CJK theories Note 1 to entry: Modified from ISO/TS 22789 for TM-CJK theories. 3.1.7 domain constraint rule prescribing the set of sanctioned characteristics(3.1.9) that are valid to specialise a concept representation in a certain subject field EXAMPLE “Infection possibly hasLocation SkeletalStructure” explains that an infection in a certain context can be located in a structure that is a kind of skeletal structure. SOURCE: I
