1、Health informatics Categorial structures for representation of acupuncture Part 1: Acupuncture points PD ISO/TS 16843-1:2016 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 16843- 1:2016. T
2、he UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/35, Health informatics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users ar
3、e responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 91316 7 ICS 35.240.80 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority
4、of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/TS 16843-1:2016 ISO 2016 Health informatics Categorial structures for representation of acupuncture Part 1: Acupuncture points Informatique
5、de sant Structures catgoriques pour la reprsentation de lacupuncture Partie 1: Points d acupuncture TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 16843-1 Reference number ISO/TS 16843-1:2016(E) First edition 2016-11-15 PD ISO/TS 16843-1:2016 ISO/TS 16843-1:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
6、 DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior wr
7、itten permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org PD ISO/
8、TS 16843-1:2016 ISO/TS 16843-1:2016(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 2 3 T erms and definitions . 2 4 Categorial structure 8 4.1 Outline 8 4.2 Characterizing categories 9 4.2.1 Point location 9 4.2.2 Clinical findings10 4.2.3 Efficacy 10 4.3 Semantic links .10 4.3.1 id
9、entifies 10 4.3.2 locates 11 4.3.3 is_located_at 11 4.3.4 is_used_for_clinical_outcome_of 11 4.4 Additional links11 5 Conformance 11 5.1 Conformance principles .11 5.2 Conformity to this document .12 5.3 Supplemental recommendation 12 Annex A (normative) S elect ed t erms and definitions fr om ISO 1
10、7115:2007 13 Annex B (normative) S elect ed t erms and definitions fr om ISO 10871:2000 19 Annex C (normative) S elect ed t erms and definitions fr om ISO 16278:2016 26 Annex D (informative) S ample diagr ams of life for c e flo w channel and acupunctur e points 30 Bibliography .32 ISO 2016 All righ
11、ts reserved iii Contents Page PD ISO/TS 16843-1:2016 ISO/TS 16843-1:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
12、technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates clo
13、sely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteri
14、a needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of p
15、atent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name u
16、sed in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformit y assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO)
17、principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 215, Health informatics. A list of all parts in the ISO 16843 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2016 All rig
18、hts reserved PD ISO/TS 16843-1:2016 ISO/TS 16843-1:2016(E) Introduction Acupuncture therapy originated from scrubbing or pressing sensitive areas on the body surface. Wood stick or stone was primarily used as a stimulation tool, then, in the course of improvement, needling was gradually developed. T
19、oday, those points or zones are used not only in acupuncture practices but also in other kinds of intervention such as acupressure, moxibustion, cupping, or classic massage. New acupuncture points, such as auricular points and oral acupuncture points, have also been discovered in diverse practice of
20、 acupuncture. The practice of traditional medicine is still the subject of scientific criticism. However, it is well known that there is a certain amount of contemporary scientific papers or reports on the interventions using acupuncture points showing considerable therapeutic effects. Thus in the l
21、ast two decades, many clinical trials have been conducted to prove efficacy, 1011and a large number of research projects on the mechanism of acupuncture have been undertaken using modern scientific methodology. Among various medical domains and countries/regions, there can be found a lot of synonyms
22、 and polysemes 345impeding meta-analysis, accurate information exchange, data processing and knowledge acquisition related to the principles and practice of acupuncture. In order to solve these problems, it is essential to prepare definite concept system 2345for the representation of acupuncture poi
23、nts, with concept harmonization. 2The resultant categorial structure will support the development of reliable terminological systems, information models and/or mapping among terminological resources. It is notable that even in the countries with high GDP, only a small portion of the population can r
24、eceive modern medicine service at will. Also, the WHO Western Pacific Regional Office reports that a high percentage of the population uses traditional medicine in the nations within the region. 23These are the reasons why the WHO is trying to explore ways of collecting statistical data not only dep
25、ending on modern medicine concepts but also the concepts of traditional medicines. As expected, the accuracy of statistics is dependent upon consistent and agreed terms and definitions harmonized with the backbone of a concept system. 12345 For these two reasons, there is a strong need for common co
26、nceptual model regarding acupuncture points. There are many different medical domains such as modern medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda and Thai medicine, and their concept systems also vary. If the concepts of each medical domain are represented in different conceptual models, it will
27、 be difficult to find the common elements among them. It means mapping or semantic correspondence among terminological resources will be costly and potentially error prone. In turn, such situation causes obstruction of knowledge management and acquisition. It has been estimated that between 0,5 and
28、45 million concepts are needed to be adequately described 5in acupuncture. There is no intention to specify conceptual models for each as international standards. Instead, the concepts with similarities have been harmonized at a high level in this document. 12345 With a categorial structure, the min
29、imum elements for common descriptiveness, exchangeability, accountability, reproducibility, and verification necessary for representation of acupuncture points of various medical domains are defined. Any specific characteristics needed in a specific medical domain should be specified in the projects
30、 of other technical committees and domestic or international organizations, along with their specific values or code systems. ISO 2016 All rights reserved v PD ISO/TS 16843-1:2016 Health informatics Categorial structures for representation of acupuncture Part 1: Acupuncture points 1 Scope This docum
31、ent specifies the categorial structure within the s ubj e c t f ie ld of acupuncture by defining a set of domain constraints of sanctioned characteristics each composed of a semantic link and an applicable characterizing category in order to represent the concept of acupuncture point. This document
32、describes sanctioned characteristics with semantic links and characterizing categories for representation of acupuncture points. Concepts of acupuncture points are used in clinical practices for applying stimulation such as insertion, pricking, scratching, scrubbing, massaging or pressing with vario
33、us kinds of needles, moxibustion, acupressure and cupping in various medical domains. The potential uses for this conceptual framework are the following: provide a conceptual framework for the generation of compositional concept representation of acupuncture point; provide a core model to describe t
34、he structure of acupuncture point, and facilitate improved semantic correspondence with information models; facilitate the mapping and semantic correspondence between different terminological resources by proposing with a core specification of acupuncture point; support developers of new terminologi
35、cal systems concerning acupuncture point; support developers of new detailed content areas of existing terminological resources concerning acupuncture point to ensure conformance; facilitate the representation of acupuncture point in a manner suitable for computer processing; provide the monitoring
36、system for adverse events and adverse reactions; provide the characterization of clinical research related to acupuncture point. The target groups for this document are the following: developers of terminology systems acupuncture point; developers of information systems that require a structured fra
37、mework of concepts to facilitate implementation and communication; informaticians, analysts and epidemiologists who require common models of knowledge to facilitate analysis of current and legacy data from one or more information systems; clinicians and coders to provide greater consistency in struc
38、ture and organization when entering and retrieving data using one or more terminological resources; managers and administrative personnel in providing a benchmark by which to judge terminology and information system solutions: as to whether the potential options will deliver compatibility with legac
39、y data and future proofing to emerging terminology products. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 16843-1:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1 PD ISO/TS 16843-1:2016 ISO/TS 16843-1:2016(E) Topics considered outside the scope of this document include an exhaustive list of all possible characterizing conc
40、epts that could be used to describe acupuncture points. 2 Normative references There are no normative references in this document. 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standar
41、dization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/ /www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/ /www.iso.org/obp NOTE Additional background terms and definitions from ISO 17115, ISO 1087-1 and ISO 16278 are provided in Annex A, Annex B and Annex C,
42、 respectively. 3.1 stimulus stimuli something that can elicit or evoke a physiological and/or psychological response(s) in a living thing EXAMPLE 1 Mechanical, thermal and optical stimuli such as stroke, scrub, press, prick, pinch, strike; warm, heat, cool, ice, flushing. EXAMPLE 2 Smell, taste, sou
43、nd, light, vestibular sense, and somatic sense (touch, pressure, pain, and temperature). Note 1 to entry: Included under the threshold to be recognized. Note 2 to entry: Can be “noxious” or “invasive”. 3.2 stimulation application of a stimulus/stimuli (3.1) to a targeted acupuncture point (3.7) with
44、 the intention of medical diagnosis or care 3.3 stimulating tool medical device or part(s) of the human body of a practitioner used to apply stimulus (3.1) Note 1 to entry: Usually determines modality of sensation. Note 2 to entry: Some values (3.30) for a stimulating tool are described, but not lim
45、ited to, References 21 to 23. 3.4 acupuncture acupuncture therapy remedial procedure of somatic stimulation to acupuncture point (3.7) EXAMPLE 1 A round-pointed needle is used for massaging;a spoon needle is used for pressing. EXAMPLE 2 Pricking, scratching, scrubbing/massaging, or pressing on a par
46、ticular area of the body surface with a needle is also called acupuncture.2 ISO 2016 All rights reserved PD ISO/TS 16843-1:2016 ISO/TS 16843-1:2016(E) 3.5 acupuncture needle needle used for acupuncture (3.4); as stimulating tool (3.3) EXAMPLE The nine types of classical needles (filiform needle, she
47、ar needle, round-pointed needle, spoon needle, lance needle, round-sharp needle, stiletto needle, long needle and big needle), stone needle, round- pointed wood stick. 3.6 anatomical zone anatomical entity characterized by specific features and/or uses EXAMPLE 1 Location of the Hg (合谷) is the anatom
48、ical zone “on the dorsum of the hand, between the first and second metacarpal bones, in the middle of the second metacarpal bone on the radial side” and is palpated with a detecting technique (3.12) with the findings such as concavity, tenderness and so on. EXAMPLE 2 In Nogiers Auricular acupuncture
49、 treatment, location of the ovary and testicular points is “slightly above the supratragic notch, on the inside of the ascending helix.” 15 EXAMPLE 3 Location of the Y-point of the large intestine is the anatomical zone “in the angle formed by the temple hairline and the upper edge of the zygomatic arch.” 15 EXAMPLE 4 When an anatomical zone of tenderness is found on the back through palpitating with detecting technique (3.12), if it is not a named poin
