1、BSI Standards Publication Respiratory protective devices Human factors Part 2: Anthropometrics PD ISO/TS 16976-2:2015National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 16976-2:2015. It superdedes DD ISO/TS 16976-2:2010 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its prepara
2、tion was entrusted to Technical Committee PH/4, Respiratory protection. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct ap
3、plication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 89493 0 ICS 13.340.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Stra
4、tegy Committee on 31 May 2015. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/TS 16976-2:2015 ISO 2015 Respiratory protective devices Human factors Part 2: Anthropometrics Appareils de protection respiratoire Facteurs humains Partie 2: Anthropomtrie TECHN
5、ICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 16976-2 Reference number ISO/TS 16976-2:2015(E) Second edition 2015-04-01 PD ISO/TS 16976-2:2015 ISO/TS 16976-2:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be r
6、eproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the reque
7、ster. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland PD ISO/TS 16976-2:2015 ISO/TS 16976-2:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definit
8、ions . 1 4 Anthropometric measurements . 1 4.1 Anthropometric instrument and software . 1 4.2 Measurement procedures 2 4.2.1 Landmarking . 2 4.2.2 Measuring 2 4.3 Dimensions to be measured 2 5 Anthropometric data for head, face, and neck dimensions . 3 6 Anthropometric data for torso dimensions . 5
9、7 Interface between headform and torso 6 8 Human test panels for facial features . 7 8.1 General . 7 8.2 Bivariate panel 7 8.3 Principal component analysis (PCA) panel 8 9 Models of headforms .12 Annex A (normative) Description, definition, and diagr ams of select ed landmar ks .15 Annex B (normativ
10、e) Description, definition, and diagr am of dimensions t o be measured 18 Annex C (informative) Examples of application of human test panels for facial features .21 Bibliogr aph y .24 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents Page PD ISO/TS 16976-2:2015 ISO/TS 16976-2:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the Inter
11、national Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has
12、been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical st
13、andardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in acco
14、rdance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Detai
15、ls of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an en
16、dorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee re
17、sponsible for this document is ISO/TC 94, Personal safety Protective clothing and equipment, Subcommittee SC 15, Respiratory protective devices. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 16976-2:2010), which has been technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Co
18、rrigendum ISO 16976-2 Corr.1:2011. The major technical changes are: a) Inclusion of ISO/TS 16976-2 TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1:2011 b) Change of values for W 5and W 6in 8.3. ISO/TS 16976 consists of the following parts, under the general title Respiratory protective devices Human factors: Part 1: Metabo
19、lic rates and respiratory flow rates Technical Specification Part 2: Anthropometrics Technical Specification Part 3: Physiological responses and limitations of oxygen and limitations of carbon dioxide in the breathing environment Technical Specification Part 4: Work of breathing and breathing resist
20、ance: Physiologically based limits Technical Specification Part 5: Thermal effects Technical Specification Part 6: Psycho-physiological effects Technical Specification Part 7: Hearing and speech Technical Specification Part 8: Ergonomic factors Technical Specificationiv ISO 2015 All rights reserved
21、PD ISO/TS 16976-2:2015 ISO/TS 16976-2:2015(E) Introduction For an appropriate design, selection, and use of respiratory protective devices, basic physiological demands of the user must be considered. Type and intensity of work affect the metabolic rate (energy expenditure) of the wearer. Weight and
22、weight distribution of the device on the human body can also influence metabolic rate. Metabolic rate is directly correlated with oxygen consumption, which determines the respiratory demands and flow rates. The work of breathing is influenced by the air flow resistances of the device and the lung ai
23、rways. The work (or energy cost) of a breath is related to the pressure gradient created by the breathing muscles and the volume that is moved in and out of the lung during the breath. Anthropometric and biomechanical data are required for appropriate design of various components of a respiratory pr
24、otective device, as well as for the design of relevant test methods. This Technical Specification forms one part of a series of documents providing basic anthropometric measurement methods and data on humans. It contains information about the description, definition, and diagram of landmarks and dim
25、ensions, up-to-date head and face data for various race/ethnic groups, and human test panels. ISO 2015 All rights reserved v PD ISO/TS 16976-2:2015 Respiratory protective devices Human factors Part 2: Anthropometrics 1 Scope This part of ISO/TS 16976 is one part of a series of Technical Specificatio
26、ns that provide information on factors related to human anthropometry, physiology, ergonomics, and performance for the preparation of standards for design, testing, and use of respiratory protective devices. This part of ISO/TS 16976 contains information related to anthropometry. In particular, info
27、rmation is given for: anthropometric measurement methods; anthropometric data for head, face, and neck dimensions; anthropometric data for torso dimensions; human test panels; models of headforms. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this
28、 document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14143, Respiratory equipment Self-contained re-breathing diving apparatus 3 T erms a
29、 nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in Annexes A and B apply. 4 Anthropometric measurements 4.1 Anthropometric instrument and software The standard measurement tools which are recommended are the anthropometer, a spreading calliper, a sliding calliper,
30、 a pupillometer, and a steel measuring tape. A suitable data entry, editing, and analysis software is described in References 3 and 4. 4.1.1 Anthropometer, a specialized tool for measuring linear distance between points on the body and standard reference surfaces, such as the floor or a seat platfor
31、m. 4.1.2 Spr eading and slid ing callipers, used for measuring the breadth and depth of body segments, as well as the distance between reference marks. 4.1.3 Measuring tape, used for measuring the arc and circumference of body segments. 4.1.4 Pupillometer, a standard ophthalmic device used for measu
32、ring the interpupillary distance. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 16976-2:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1 PD ISO/TS 16976-2:2015 ISO/TS 16976-2:2015(E) 4.2 Measurement procedures 4.2.1 Landmar king Landmarks are generally, although not always, skeletal points that are usually marked on the ski
33、n overlying the point. Selected landmarks are listed in Table 1 and described in Annex A. Subjects are landmarked with a surgical marker or an eyeliner pencil prior to measurement. Table 1 List of landmarks Landmarks L a n d m a r k p o s i t ion i n g Alare Right and left Cheilion Right and left Ch
34、in Ectocanthus Right and left Frontotemporale Right and left Glabella Gonion Right and left Infraorbitale Right and left Menton Nasal root point Right and left Pronasale Pupil Right and left Sellion Subnasale Top of head Tragion Right and left Zygion Right and left Zygofrontale Right and left 4.2.2
35、Measuring After landmarking, subjects are measured for each of the dimensions. Data are recorded on data sheets and simultaneously entered into computer software. The data entry and editing software evaluate each measurement as it is entered and indicate when a measurement value is out of the previo
36、usly measured range or is otherwise unexpected. In such cases, the measurement shall be repeated or data input errors corrected. 4.3 Dimensions to be measured The dimensions to be measured are listed in Table 2. The detailed dimension descriptions are provided in Annex B. All dimensions are measured
37、 in millimetres and body weight is measured in kilograms.2 ISO 2015 All rights reserved PD ISO/TS 16976-2:2015 ISO/TS 16976-2:2015(E) Table 2 List of face dimensions Dimensions Common terms Bigonial breadth Jaw width Bitragion chin arc Bitragion coronal arc Bitragion frontal arc Bitragion subnasale
38、arc Bizygomatic breadth Face width Head breadth Head circumference Head length Interpupillary distance Lip length Maximum frontal breadth Menton-sellion length Face length Minimum frontal breadth Nasal root breadth Neck circumference Nose breadth Nose protrusion Subnasale-sellion length Nose length
39、Stature Height Weight 5 Anthropometric data for head, face, and neck dimensions Test panels for the development of an International Standard must be representative of the world population. An anthropometric study of the US work population was conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safe
40、ty and Health (NIOSH) in 2003 (see Reference 3). The survey consisted of three age strata (18 years to 29 years, 30 years to 44 years, 45 years to 66 years), two gender strata (male and female), and four racial/ethnic group strata (white, African American, Hispanic, and other). The selected test pan
41、el could be seen as almost representative for the worldwide population, since the US population is multi-ethnic. Height, weight, 19 face dimensions, and neck circumferences were measured using traditional methods. A total of 3 997 subjects (2 543 male and 1 454 female) were measured. The sampling st
42、rategy called for equal representation in each of the sampling cells. This was done to ensure that we had adequately captured the anthropometric variability in all segments of the population. NIOSH research has resulted in the development of Table 3. The NIOSH data were supplemented with additional
43、measurements in China and other data for various countries. See References 5 and 6. The data were compared to the NIOSH US Data and were found to be within the 5th and 95th percentiles for US population in Table 3. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3 PD ISO/TS 16976-2:2015 ISO/TS 16976-2:2015(E) T a b l
44、e 3 A n t h r o p o m e t r i c d a t a f o r h e a d , f a c e , a n d n e c k d i m e n s i o n s b y g e n d e r (weight in kilograms, all other values in millimetres) Dimension Number Mean Standard deviation Min. Max. Percentiles 5th 50th 95th Males Bigonial breadth 2 543 120,4 10,4 90 160 105 1
45、20 140 Bitragion chin arc 2 543 331,2 15,5 271 393 306 330 355 Bitragion coronal arc 2 543 350,7 13,9 310 405 330 350 375 Bitragion frontal arc 2 543 304,1 13,0 263 349 282 305 326 Bitragion subnasale arc 2 543 294,8 13,2 253 345 275 295 315 Bizygomatic breadth 2 543 143,5 6,9 120 170 132 143 155 He
46、ad breadth 2 543 153,0 6,0 135 179 144 153 163 Head circumference 2 543 575,7 17,1 520 639 547 575 604 Head length 2 543 197, 3 7,4 174 225 185 197 210 Interpupillary distance 2 543 64,5 3,6 53 79 59 65 71 Lip length 2 543 51,1 4,2 40 70 44 51 58 Maximum frontal breadth 2 543 112,3 5,5 95 131 104 11
47、2 122 Menton-sellion length 2 543 122,7 7,0 100 156 111 123 135 Minimum frontal breadth 2 543 105,5 5,7 90 127 95 105 115 Nasal root breadth 2 543 16,6 2,3 10 29 13 16 20 Neck circumference 1 023 406,7 32,6 312 570 355 403 465 Nose breadth 2 543 36,6 4,1 26 58 31 36 45 Nose protrusion 2 543 21,1 2,7
48、 13 32 17 21 26 Stature 2 543 1 753,9 67,7 1 488 2 012 1 642 1 754 1 866 Subnasale-sellion length 2 543 52,0 4,1 40 66 45 52 59 Weight 2 540 90,4 17, 5 42,9 167, 8 65,7 88,4 122,7 Females Bigonial breadth 1 454 110,1 8,9 88 150 98 110 125 Bitragion chin arc 1 454 303,9 14,9 248 375 280 305 328 Bitra
49、gion coronal arc 1 454 339,3 15,0 290 425 315 340 365 Bitragion frontal arc 1 454 287,4 11,9 250 330 270 287 305 Bitragion subnasale arc 1 454 277, 5 13,1 238 335 258 277 300 Bizygomatic breadth 1 454 135,1 6,5 115 157 124 135 146 Head breadth 1 454 146,8 5,6 129 165 137 146 156 Head circumference 1 454 554,9 17, 8 475 654 527 555 585 Head length 1 454 187, 5 7, 2 152 215 175 187 199 Interpupillary distance 1 452 61,9 3,5 52 78 56 62 68 Lip length 1 454 48,0 4,0
