1、BSI Standards Publication Plastics Method of controlled acceleration of laboratory weathering by increased irradiance PD ISO/TS 19022:2016National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 19022:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Commit
2、tee PRI/21, Testing of plastics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Instit
3、ution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 86183 3 ICS 83.080.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 February 2016. Ame
4、ndments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/TS 19022:2016 ISO 2016 Plastics Method of controlled acceleration of laboratory weathering by increased irradiance Plastiques Mthode dacclration contrle du vieillissement en laboratoire par irradiance accrue TEC
5、HNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19022 Reference number ISO/TS 19022:2016(E) First edition 2016-02-01 PD ISO/TS 19022:2016 ISO/TS 19022:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this p
6、ublication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the c
7、ountry of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org PD ISO/TS 19022:2016 ISO/TS 19022:2016(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and
8、definitions . 1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2 5 Principle 2 6 Apparatus . 2 6.1 General . 2 6.2 Test chamber 2 6.3 Laboratory radiation source . 3 6.3.1 General 3 6.3.2 Spectral irradiance . 3 6.3.3 Irradiance uniformity 3 6.4 Radiometer . 4 6.5 Test chamber temperature and relative humidity .
9、 4 6.6 Black-standard/black-panel thermometer . 4 6.7 Wetting and humidity-control equipment 4 6.7.1 General 4 6.7.2 Relative-humidity control equipment . 4 6.7.3 Spray system 4 6.8 Specimen holders . 4 6.9 Apparatus to assess changes in properties 5 7 Test specimens 5 8 Test method . 5 9 Exposure c
10、onditions . 6 9.1 Radiation 6 9.2 Temperature 6 9.2.1 Black-standard and black-panel temperature 6 9.2.2 Chamber air temperature 6 9.2.3 Specimen surface temperature 6 9.3 Humidity of chamber air 7 9.3.1 Relative humidity of chamber air 7 9.3.2 Spray cycle . 7 10 Procedure. 7 10.1 General . 7 10.2 M
11、ounting the test specimens 7 10.3 Exposure . 7 10.4 Measurement of radiant exposure . 8 10.5 Determination of changes in properties after exposure . 8 11 Test report . 8 Annex A (informative) Principle of reciprocity . 9 Bibliography .10 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents Page PD ISO/TS 19022
12、:2016 ISO/TS 19022:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested
13、 in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Comm
14、ission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents
15、should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible fo
16、r identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the
17、convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: For
18、eword - Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 6, Ageing, chemical and environmental resistance.iv ISO 2016 All rights reserved PD ISO/TS 19022:2016 ISO/TS 19022:2016(E) Introduction A realization of the acceleration of laborato
19、ry weathering under controlled conditions is an essential requirement for delivering reliable and fast prediction of material durability. In this connection, the correlation to real use aging behaviour is being checked constantly. The fundamental parameters of a weathering test are simulated solar r
20、adiation, heat and moisture. The induced change in the material properties, among other things, is determined by the irradiance level and relative spectral irradiance of simulated solar radiation incident on the material surface during the test, the surface temperature, and the level of moisture. An
21、 increase in some well-known weather parameters, continuously monitored outdoors, offers opportunities to speed up the weathering process outdoors and in the laboratory. Since 1967, acceleration of outdoor weathering with instruments for intensified weathering using concentrated solar radiation (acc
22、ording to ISO 877-3) became a common practice. By concentrating the natural solar radiation with Fresnel mirrors, irradiances of five to six times higher than the maximum natural level has been reached. Already in 1996, a screening procedure with very high irradiances for dyed textiles were develope
23、d which enabled the reduction of the test duration for lightfastness grades from five days to seven days to two and a half days. 5 However, the applicability of an increased irradiance for deterministic acceleration of weathering without a specific knowledge of material properties requires that the
24、degradation of material (at constant temperature and moisture conditions) has to be dependent on the applied radiant exposure only, irrespective of the irradiance level and resulting exposure duration used during the test. For some materials fulfilling this criterion, the acceleration of weathering
25、has been demonstrated successfully. 6789This criterion is not always fulfilled since an increase in the irradiance might not always produce the expected increase in the weathering acceleration due to possible and a priory unknown to the operator nonlinear dependence of the photochemical processes on
26、 the irradiance level. Moreover, the overall material degradation might be strongly affected by the other weather parameters which can be modified due to the increased irradiance. There are limitations in using increased irradiances. Therefore, the applicability and the limits of this weathering acc
27、eleration approach are determined by the properties of the specific material and have to be investigated systematically in each particular case. In this respect, it is of essential importance to validate an appropriate test procedure under controlled conditions in laboratory with an artificial radia
28、tion source which can provide high irradiances above the natural level with the relative spectral irradiance closely mimicking the natural solar radiation. Simultaneously, the temperature of the sample specimen surface and of the chamber air is kept constant in a wide range of irradiance level. In a
29、ddition, the usual wetting and rain option have to be available. ISO 2016 All rights reserved v PD ISO/TS 19022:2016 Plastics Method of controlled acceleration of laboratory weathering by increased irradiance 1 Scope This Technical Specification specifies a test method which allows predicting the ag
30、ing rate of material specimens, e.g. plastics, under interest independent of the aging mechanisms as a function of radiant exposure. The UV irradiance of a simulated solar radiation (with a laboratory radiation source) will be extended above the normal maximum level on earth surface while keeping al
31、l relevant temperature parameters fixed. NOTE For translucent plastics, the surface temperatures are below the white standard temperature. In addition, the maximum temperature is not on the irradiated surface, it is somewhere inside the plastic material. 2 Normative references The following document
32、s, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4582, Plastics Determinat
33、ion of changes in colour and variations in properties after exposure to daylight under glass, natural weathering or artificial light ISO 4892-1, Plastics Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Part 1: General guidance ISO 9370, Plastics Instrumental determination of radiant exposure in weat
34、hering tests General guidance and basic test method ISO 10640, Plastics Methodology for assessing polymer photo ageing by FT-IR and UV-visible spectrometry ISO/TR 17801, Plastics Standard table for reference global solar spectral irradiance at sea level Horizontal, relative air mass 1 CIE Publicatio
35、n No. 85:1989, Solar spectral irradiance 3 T erms an d definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 radiant exposure H radiant energy per unit Note 1 to entry: Radiant exposure is given by the following formula: H = E dt where E is the irradiance, in
36、 watts per square metre (W m 2 ); t is the exposure time, in seconds (s). Note 2 to entry: H is therefore expressed in joules per square metre (J m -2 ). TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19022:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1 PD ISO/TS 19022:2016 ISO/TS 19022:2016(E) 3.2 solar radiation global s
37、olar radiation solar radiant flux, both direct and diffuse, received on a horizontal plane unit area from a solid angle of 2 steradians SOURCE: ISO/TR 17801, 3.1, modified irradiance has been replaced by radiation Note 1 to entry: In this Technical Specification, “solar radiation” always means “glob
38、al solar radiation”. 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms CHT chamber air temperature (ambient air temperature) BST black-standard thermometer (insulated surface temperature sensor) BPT black-panel thermometer (uninsulated surface temperature sensor) WST white standard thermometer (insulated surface temp
39、erature sensor) WPT white panel thermometer (uninsulated surface temperature sensor) 5 Principle A xenon or fluorescent UV radiation source (other radiation sources are possible), fitted with filters (if necessary), is used to simulate preferably the relative spectral irradiance of solar radiation a
40、ccording to CIE Publication No. 85:1989, Table 4 or solar radiation filtered by window glass. A standard test method (e.g. ISO 4892-2, ISO 4892-3) or a differing/non-standardized weathering test method shall be conducted as a basis for further investigations. The base level test shall use weathering
41、 parameters (irradiance, temperatures, relative humidity) which are not above a maximum natural level (e.g. irradiance in the wavelength range 300 nm to 400 nm smaller than 66 W/m 2 ). As a second step, the irradiance is increased step by step above the natural level. While the irradiance is increas
42、ed above the maximum level (at least three levels) or decreased, all other test parameters (relative spectral irradiance, chamber air temperature, relative humidity) shall be kept constant (unchanged). If used, the influence of a spray/dry cycle shall be carefully considered. The test results (e.g.
43、colour change, carbonyl formation) shall be plotted as a function of the radiant exposure. 6 Apparatus 6.1 General The equipment comprises a climate chamber with a chamber air temperature and relative humidity measurement device. In the climate chamber, included is a radiation source. The radiation
44、source may generate UV, visible radiation, and infrared radiation similar to solar radiation with appropriate filter systems. A cooling system for the laboratory simulated solar radiation source and a fixture for the specimens are included in the chamber as well. 6.2 Test chamber The design of the t
45、est chamber may vary, but it shall be constructed from inert material. In case of radiation sources including VIS and IR, it shall be equipped with a blower which generates a defined airflow to be directed across the specimens. In addition to the controlled lamp wattage, the test chamber shall provi
46、de for control of chamber air temperature radiation shielded. For exposures that 2 ISO 2016 All rights reserved PD ISO/TS 19022:2016 ISO/TS 19022:2016(E) require control of humidity, the test chamber shall include humidity-control facilities that meet the requirements of ISO 4892-1. NOTE If the lamp
47、 system (one or more lamps) is centrally positioned in the chamber, the effect of any eccentricity of the lamp(s) on the uniformity of exposure may be reduced by using a rotating frame carrying the specimens or by repositioning or rotating the lamps. Should any ozone be generated from operation of t
48、he lamp(s), the lamp(s) shall be isolated from the test specimens and operating personnel. If the ozone is in an air stream, it shall be vented directly to the outside of the building. 6.3 Laboratory radiation source 6.3.1 General The laboratory solar radiation sources (e.g. xenon arc lamp, fluoresc
49、ent UV lamp) may emit radiation from below 270 nm in the ultraviolet through the visible spectrum and into the infrared. In order to simulate solar radiation with lamps which emit the full spectrum of solar radiation (UV, VIS, and IR radiation), filters shall be used to remove short wavelength UV radiation. In addition, filters to remove infrared radiation may be used to prevent unrealistic heating of the test specimens. NOTE 1 Solar spectral irradiance for a number of different atmospheric conditions i
