1、BSI Standards Publication Geographic information Content components and encoding rules for imagery and gridded data Part 1: Content model PD ISO/TS 19163-1:2016National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 19163-1:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entru
2、sted to Technical Committee IST/36, Geographic information. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. T
3、he British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 81818 9 ICS 35.240.70 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committ
4、ee on 31 January 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/TS 19163-1:2016 ISO 2016 Geographic information Content components and encoding rules for imagery and gridded data Part 1: Content model Information gographique Composantes de contenu e
5、t rgles de codage pour limagerie et les donnes mailles Partie 1: Modle de contenu TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19163-1 Reference number ISO/TS 19163-1:2016(E) First edition 2016-01-15 PD ISO/TS 19163-1:2016 ISO/TS 19163-1:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016
6、, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission.
7、Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org PD ISO/TS 19163-1:2016 IS
8、O/TS 19163-1:2016(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references 1 4 T erms and definitions . 2 5 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4 5.1 Abbreviated terms . 4 5.2 UML notations . 4 6 Related International Standards . 5 7 Categories of imagery and gridded data 6 7.1
9、General . 6 7.2 Imagery 7 7.3 Gridded data 8 8 Content component models 8 8.1 General . 8 8.2 Imagery and gridded data . 8 8.2.1 General 8 8.2.2 IE_ImageryAndGriddedData 9 8.2.3 IE_Georectified . 9 8.2.4 IE_Georeferenceable 10 8.3 Thematic gridded data 10 8.3.1 IE_ThematicGriddedData 10 8.3.2 IE_Cat
10、egoricalGriddedData 10 8.3.3 IE_NumericalGriddedData 10 8.4 Imagery .11 8.4.1 IE_Imagery11 8.4.2 IE_FusedImage 13 8.4.3 IE_SimulatedImage .13 8.4.4 IE_OpticalImage .13 8.4.5 IE_MicrowaveData .13 8.4.6 IE_SARData.14 8.4.7 IE_RadiometerData .15 9 General approach for encoding (informative) .16 Annex A
11、 (normative) Abstract test suite .18 Annex B (normative) Data dictionary of content component models 21 Bibliography .38 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents Page PD ISO/TS 19163-1:2016 ISO/TS 19163-1:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide feder
12、ation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that commit
13、tee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and
14、 those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part
15、 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of th
16、e document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific te
17、rms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 211, Geographic informati
18、on/Geomatics. ISO 19163 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geographic information Content components and encoding rules for imagery and gridded data: Part 1: Content model Technical Specification Other parts are planned, but are not yet specified.iv ISO 2016 All rights reserved
19、 PD ISO/TS 19163-1:2016 ISO/TS 19163-1:2016(E) Introduction Geographic imagery and gridded thematic data are widely used in the geospatial community and related fields. A preliminary work item on imagery and gridded data components, carried out by ISO/TC 211 in 1999 to 2000, provides a summary of th
20、e conceptual classification of gridded data based on spatial and attribute properties and identifies five basic components of imagery and gridded data (ISO/TC 211 N 1017). ISO/TS 19101-2, ISO 19123 and ISO/TS 19129 specify domains and ranges of imagery, grids and coverages, and their associated rela
21、tionships. ISO/TS 19129 breaks down the metadata into discovery, structural, acquisition and quality metadata. However, there are no detailed descriptions on each category and no clear associations with metadata defined in ISO 19115:2003, ISO 19115-2, ISO/TS 19130 and ISO/TS 19130-2. Imagery is acqu
22、ired by remote sensors directly or derived from source imagery. Value-added image processing can be used to derive physical properties of a remote object from images (ISO/TS 19101-2). Besides the derived images, imagery can also be integrated with other data sources to produce new gridded coverage d
23、ata for a specific theme, called thematic data, which is widely used in various applications. However, the characteristics of thematic data are not covered by the existing International Standards and Technical Specifications noted above. ISO/TS 19130 identifies the type of remote sensors by the meas
24、urand of the sensor, e.g. optical radiation, microwave energy and SONAR (acoustic) energy. Images acquired by optical sensors have different appearances and characteristics compared with those by a microwave sensor, e.g. SAR data. The framework defined in ISO/TS 19129 describes imagery, gridded and
25、coverage data at multiple levels, including an abstract level, a content model level and an encoding level. The first two levels combine a number of well-defined content structures in accordance with ISO 19123 and define the contents of continuous quadrilateral gridded coverages with grids of both c
26、onstant and variable cell sizes. However, the content model level does not specify the necessary metadata for common understanding when integrating datasets encoded in different formats. At the encoding level, ISO/TS 19129 does not provide the explicit encoding rules for mapping content model to mac
27、hine-independent encoding structure, which is crucial for the mapping and translation of images in different formats without losing information. Based on the frameworks defined in ISO/TS 19101-2 and ISO 19123, this Technical Specification specifies the categories of imagery and gridded data and esta
28、blishes a corresponding hierarchical content model. Categories of imagery and gridded data are defined based on thematic and spatial attributes and sensor types. The content model is then defined to describe the required content components of each category, including the spatial and attribute struct
29、ures and the critical metadata entries as well. These metadata entries are specified as the minimum required metadata information for the purpose of common understanding. Traditionally, remote sensing data products generally have a header part and a data part. This Technical Specification describes
30、the minimum content requirements for the header part. For ease of implementation, this Technical Specification defines encoding rules to map the content models to XML-based encodings, following the general encoding rules defined in ISO 19118 and the encoding rules for UML-to-GML application schema d
31、efined in ISO 19136:2007, Annex E. Since GMLCOV schema (OGC 09-146r2) is optimized for handling coverages, the coverage component of the schema can be based on GMLCOV. An increasingly large volume of image and gridded data, both natural and synthetic, is being produced because more remote sensors ar
32、e becoming available. These data are encoded in diverse formats, such as GeoTIFF, BIIF, HDF-EOS, JPEG 2000, NetCDF and others as described in ISO/TR 19121. These encoding formats follow different data models, preventing them from being interoperable. In order to encode the contents defined in this T
33、echnical Specification into these data formats, ISO 19163 has been split into multiple parts with this Technical Specification defining the content components and general encoding rules and the subsequent parts defining the binding between the contents and individual physical data formats. ISO 2016
34、All rights reserved v PD ISO/TS 19163-1:2016 Geographic information Content components and encoding rules for imagery and gridded data Part 1: Content model 1 Scope This Technical Specification classifies imagery and regularly spaced gridded thematic data into types based on attribute property, sens
35、or type and spatial property, and defines an encoding-neutral content model for the required components for each type of data. It also specifies logical data structures and the rules for encoding the content components in the structures. The binding between the content and a specific encoding format
36、 will be defined in the subsequent parts of ISO 19163. This Technical Specification does not address LiDAR, SONAR data and ungeoreferenced gridded data. The logical data structures and the rules for encoding the content components will be addressed in the subsequent parts of ISO 19163. 2 Conformance
37、 This Technical Specification standardizes the categories of imagery and regularly spaced gridded thematic data as well as their core content models. There is one conformance class for each data category. Any set of imagery and regularly spaced gridded thematic data claiming conformance to this Tech
38、nical Specification shall satisfy the corresponding requirements defined in the abstract test suite in Annex A. 3 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the e
39、dition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 19103:2015, Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19111, Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates ISO 19115-1, Geographic information M
40、etadata Part 1: Fundamentals ISO 19115-2 1) , Geographic information Metadata Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19123:2005, Geographic information Schema for coverage geometry and functions ISO/TS 19101-2:2008, Geographic information Reference model Part 2: Imagery ISO/TS 19130:201
41、0, Geographic information - Imagery sensor models for geopositioning ISO/TS 19159-1, Geographic information Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors and data Part 1: Optical sensors 1) At the publication time of this Technical Specification, only ISO 19115-2:2009, which reference
42、s to ISO 19115:2003, is available. The new version of ISO 19115-2, which is under revision at the publication time of this Technical Specification, will refer to ISO 19115-1:2014. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19163-1:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1 PD ISO/TS 19163-1:2016 ISO/TS 19163-1:2016
43、(E) 4 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 attribute named property of an entity Note 1 to entry: Describes a geometrical, topological, thematic, or other characteristic of an entity. SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121440, modified N
44、ote 1 to entry has been added. 4.2 binding specification of a mapping relating the information defined in a content model (4.3) (data and metadata) to the data format that carries that information 4.3 content model information view of an application schema Note 1 to entry: In this Technical Specific
45、ation, a content model describes the required content components and their interrelationship of imagery (4.12) and gridded thematic data (4.14). SOURCE: ISO/TS 19129:2009, 4.1.2, modified Note 1 to entry has been added. 4.4 conversion rule rule for converting instances in the input data structure to
46、 instances in the output data structure SOURCE: ISO 19118:2011, 4.7 4.5 encoding rule identifiable collection of conversion rules (4.4) that define the encoding for a particular data structure EXAMPLE XML, ISO 10303-21, ISO/IEC 8211. Note 1 to entry: An encoding rule specifies the types of data to b
47、e converted as well as the syntax, structure and codes used in the resulting data structure. SOURCE: ISO 19118:2011, 4.14 4.6 fused image image produced by fusing images from multiple sources 4.7 geopositioning determining the geographic position of an object SOURCE: ISO/TS 19130:2010, 4.36, modifie
48、d 4.8 g eo rec t i f i ed corrected for positional displacement with respect to the surface of the Earth SOURCE: ISO 19115-2:2009, 4.122 ISO 2016 All rights reserved PD ISO/TS 19163-1:2016 ISO/TS 19163-1:2016(E) 4.9 georeferenceable associated with a geopositioning (4.7) information that can be used
49、 to convert grid (4.10) coordinate values to values of coordinates referenced to an external coordinate reference system related to the Earth by a datum 4.10 grid network composed of two or more sets of curves in which the members of each set intersect the members of the other sets in an algorithmic way SOURCE: ISO 19123:2005, 4.1.23, modified 4.11 gridded data data whose attribute (4.1) values are associated with positions on a grid (4.10) coordinate system Note 1 to entry: Gridded data are
