1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/TS 20328:2016 Imaging materials Lenticular lens sheet Measurements and specifications of dimensionsPD ISO/TS 20328:2016 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 20328:2016. The UK participation in its preparation
2、 was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Th
3、e British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 90982 5 ICS 37.040.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committe
4、e on 30 April 2016. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD ISO/TS 20328:2016 ISO 2016 Imaging materials Lenticular lens sheet Measurements and specifications of dimensions Matriaux pour limage Feuille lenticulaire Mesurages et spcifications des dimensions TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION IS
5、O/TS 20328 Reference number ISO/TS 20328:2016(E) First edition 2016-04-01PD ISO/TS 20328:2016ISO/TS 20328:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reprodu
6、ced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.
7、ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgPD ISO/TS 20328:2016ISO/TS 20328:2016(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Measuremen
8、t . 3 4.1 General . 3 4.1.1 Outline 3 4.1.2 Standard ambient condition 3 4.2 Width of a lenticule . 4 4.2.1 Measurement equipment . 4 4.2.2 Measurement procedures 4 4.2.3 Reporting of the precision . 4 4.2.4 Lens frequency (lpi) 5 4.2.5 Precision within lot and lot-to-lot . 5 4.3 Thickness of lentic
9、ule lense sheet 5 4.3.1 Measurement equipment . 5 4.3.2 Measurement procedures 5 4.3.3 Reporting and classification of thickness of lenticular lens sheet 5 4.4 Temperature and humidity dependence 6 4.4.1 General 6 4.4.2 Measurement equipment and procedures 6 4.4.3 Measurement and calculation of temp
10、erature dependence . 7 4.4.4 Measurement and calculation of humidity dependence . 7 4.4.5 Classification of the temperature and humidity dependence . 8 Annex A (informative) Explanation of lenticular lens print . 9 Bibliography .12 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents PagePD ISO/TS 20328:2016IS
11、O/TS 20328:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a su
12、bject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (
13、IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should b
14、e noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identi
15、fying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenie
16、nce of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword -
17、Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 42, Photography.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 20328:2016ISO/TS 20328:2016(E) Introduction Lenticular lens are an array of magnifying lenses, which can generate a desired visual perception, including 3D effect
18、, animation and flips, when the underlying interlaced printed image is viewed from different angles. The most widespread use of this technology is in lenticular printing, for use in packages, display posters, promotional buttons, magnets, coasters, collectibles, signs, menu boards, postcards and bus
19、iness cards. It is reported that the market size of lenticular sheets is over 100 million m 2and the market is growing. Moreover, the image qualities of lenticular printing have improved dramatically, and further improvement is expected in the future. While production of lenticular sheets with a len
20、s frequency of 100 lines per inch (lpi) is routine, products with 200 lpi are also currently available. To produce the optimal perceptive experience, the right choice of lenticular sheet is crucial. Different use cases require different lens frequencies. For a 2D view application, a 200 lpi material
21、 can be optimal, and for multiview 3D effect viewed from one meter or further, a 12 lpi material can be optimal. On a separate note, lenticular sheets with higher lens frequency can be thinner; therefore, increasing its potential in high quality packaging and a variety of printings. The multi-step p
22、rocess of lenticular printing involves creation of a lenticular image from at least two existing images and its combination with a lenticular sheet. The combining process can either be a 1) direct printing of the images on the lenticular sheets or 2) pasting the lenticular sheet and printed images.
23、This process can be used to create various frames of animation (motion perception), offsetting the various layers at different increments (3D perception) or simply to show a set of alternate images which appear to transform into each other. Major factors influencing the quality of a lenticular image
24、 is the precision in the dimensions of the lenticules in the lenticular sheet and the printed interlaced image and the precision in the positioning of the lens array and the interlaced images. Poor precision results in poor image quality and poor precision in the dimensions of lenticules in the lent
25、icular lens sheet can result in low production yield, consequently resulting in higher costs. Therefore, the demand for improving the precision in the dimensions of the lenticules in a lenticular lens sheet has been high. The standardization of the measurements of the dimension of the lenticules in
26、a lenticular lens sheet has been requested from the market. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vPD ISO/TS 20328:2016PD ISO/TS 20328:2016Imaging materials Lenticular lens sheet Measurements and specifications of dimensions 1 Scope This Technical Specification specifies the measurements and specifications o
27、f the dimensions of a lenticular lens sheet. It describes measurement methods and specifies the nominal sizes and target dimensions with tolerance. It also describes methods to test the stability of dimensions of the lenticular lens sheet. This Technical Specification is applicable to lenticular len
28、s sheets used in lenticular prints, including those that give an image the illusion of depth or make images appear to change/move as the image is viewed from different angles. Both impact and non-impact printing can be used to generate the images. Examples of the former are off-set, gravure and flex
29、ography, while the examples of the latter are silver halide, inkjet, dye diffusion thermal transfer and electrophotography. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references
30、, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 11359-2, Plastics Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) Part 2: Determination of coefficient of linear thermal expansion and glass transition temperature 3 Terms
31、and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 lenticular lens array of magnifying semi-cylindrical lenses, designed to produce a desired perception, such as 3D, motion or morphing, to the underlying interlaced image EXAMPLE This technique is widely
32、 used in lenticular printing, wherein the lenticular lens is used to provide an illusion of depth, change or motion to an underlying interlaced image when viewed from different angles. Note 1 to entry: Schematic diagrams of a lenticular sheet is shown in Figure 1 (top view) and Figure 2 (side view).
33、 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 20328:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/TS 20328:2016ISO/TS 20328:2016(E) Key 1 length in X-direction 2 length in Y -direction 3 magnified lenticular pattern Figure 1 Top view of a lenticular lens sheet2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 20328:2016ISO/T
34、S 20328:2016(E) Key 1 origin (zero point) of the coordinate 2 cutting end 3 valley of a lenticule 4 peak of a lenticule 5 Lc; distance to the origin from the cutting end (m) 6 Wl; width of a lenticule (m) Figure 2 Side view of a lenticular lens sheet 4 Measurement 4.1 General 4.1.1 Outline Measureme
35、nt procedures and specifications are described for the following parameters which determine the image quality of lenticular prints: a) precision in width of a lenticule; b) stability of the length of a lenticule under ambient conditions. 4.1.2 Standard ambient condition Standard ambient conditions s
36、hall be a temperature of 25 C 2 C, a relative humidity of 50 % RH 5 % RH and a pressure of 96 kPa 10 kPa. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3PD ISO/TS 20328:2016ISO/TS 20328:2016(E) 4.2 Width of a lenticule 4.2.1 Measurement equipment Calibrated dimension measurement equipment shall be used. The spatial
37、resolution capability of the equipment shall be finer than 20 m. For example, a stylus type surface measuring instrument, used typically for measuring surface roughness and contour, can be used. An example for the stylus is 5 m diamond stylus tip with 40 angle. 4.2.2 Measurement procedures The sampl
38、e should be equilibrated to the standard ambient conditions for one hour before measurements. The measurements should be made at the standard ambient conditions. An area that includes 20 or more lenticules shall be measured. As shown in Figure 2, a valley, represented by “3” is located between two l
39、enticules. The width of a lenticule (Wl) is the distance between any two adjacent valleys. The measurement shall be performed both in the forward and backward directions. The distance from the first valley to the 21 stvalley, i.e. the combined width of 20 lenticules, shall be measured. The measured
40、width of each lenticule shall be recorded and be expressed in m. 4.2.3 Reporting of the precision The following shall be reported: a) the measured average width of the lenticule; Average Wl is calculated by dividing the combined length by the number of lenticules, as shown in Formula (1). The width
41、shall be expressed in m; (1) b) the nominal width of the lenticule, calculated as shown in Formula (2); (2) c) the difference between measured average width and nominal width of the lenticules; d) the standard deviation of the average width of the lenticules; e) classification of the precision accor
42、ding to Table 1. Table 1 Classification of precision of lenticule width (Difference between average width and nominal width/Nominal width) 100 Precision classification 2 % or over Poor from 1 % to 2 % Medium from 0,5 % to 1 % High Less than 0,5 % Super high4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 203
43、28:2016ISO/TS 20328:2016(E) 4.2.4 Lens frequency (lpi) The lens frequency of lenticular lens sheet shall be calculated using Formula (3) (3) The lens frequency-based classification is shown in Table 2. Table 2 Classification of lenticular lens sheet lens frequency Nominal lens frequency range Classi
44、fication of lens frequency less than 75 lpi Low from 75 lpi to 150 lpi Medium 150 lpi and over High 4.2.5 Precision within lot and lot-to-lot Sampling shall be as follows. Within lot: The first three and the last three sheets in the course of the “production” shall be used for measurements. Here, “p
45、roduction” relates to the generation of the sheets for a single shipment. For example, if the first 3 sheets, i.e. 1st, 2nd and 3rd, are to be discarded, the next 3 sheets, i.e. 4th, 5th and 6th, shall be used for measurements. Lot-to-lot: Every lot shall be evaluated following the above sampling ru
46、les. The average width of the lenticules of the sheets measured shall be reported. 4.3 Thickness of lenticule lense sheet 4.3.1 Measurement equipment Calibrated mechanical thickness measurement equipment shall be used. The gauge head shall be larger than 3 mm and smaller than 20 mm in diameter. The
47、tolerance of precision and accuracy of the measurement equipment shall be smaller than 2 m. 4.3.2 Measurement procedures The thickness of the lenticular lens sheet is defined as the distance between the top of the lenses to the bottom of the base film, as illustrated in Figure 2. The sample should b
48、e equilibrated to the standard ambient conditions for one hour before measurements. The measurements should be made at the standard ambient conditions. 4.3.3 Reporting and classification of thickness of lenticular lens sheet The difference from the target value shall be reported. The classification
49、of precision of lenticule lens sheet thickness is shown in Table 3. Table 3 Classification of precision of lenticule lens sheet thickness Difference from the target value Precision classification 10 % or over Poor less than 10 % Good ISO 2016 All rights reserved 5PD ISO/TS 20328:2016ISO/TS 20328:2016(E) 4.4 Temperature and humidity dependence 4.4.1 General When inte
