1、BSI Standards Publication Paper and board Automated on-line testing Metrological comparability between standardized measurements and output of on-line gauges PD ISO/TS 20460:2015National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 20460:2015. The UK participation in its prepa
2、ration was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are respon
3、sible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 89161 8 ICS 85.060 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Stan
4、dards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2015. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/TS 20460:2015 ISO 2015 Paper and board Automated on-line testing Metrological comparability between standardized measurements and output of on-line gau
5、ges Papiers et cartons Essais en ligne automatiss Comparabilit mtrologique entre mesures normalises et rsultats de jauges en continu TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 20460 Reference number ISO/TS 20460:2015(E) First edition 2015-11-15 PD ISO/TS 20460:2015 ISO/TS 20460:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights res
6、erved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an i
7、ntranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightis
8、o.org www.iso.org PD ISO/TS 20460:2015 ISO/TS 20460:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Methodology requirements 7 4.1 Requirements for the measuring equipment and its measurement process 7 4.1.1 General requirements for measuring sys
9、tems . 7 4.1.2 Consistency of the online equipment itself . 8 4.1.3 Consistency of the online measurement process 8 4.2 Requirements for comparison of online and off-line equipment 8 4.2.1 Calibration procedure principles . 8 4.2.2 Calibration procedure requirements 9 5 Methods to evaluate comparabi
10、lity 9 5.1 Sampling operations, conditioning and stability . 9 5.2 Basis weight 10 5.3 Thickness 10 5.4 Moisture content 10 5.5 Brightness, colour, whiteness, k and s .10 5.6 Ash content .11 5.7 Gloss 11 Annex A (informative) Typical tolerances .12 Annex B (informative) Examples of graphical evaluat
11、ions 13 Annex C (informative) Online gauges principles, limitations to correlations, sources of errors .14 Bibliography .17 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents Page PD ISO/TS 20460:2015 ISO/TS 20460:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federa
12、tion of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committ
13、ee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and
14、those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part
15、2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the
16、 document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific ter
17、ms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, boards and pulps
18、.iv ISO 2015 All rights reserved PD ISO/TS 20460:2015 ISO/TS 20460:2015(E) Introduction There are two concepts discussed in this Technical Specification, calibration and correlation. The calibration process compares the output of an instrument to primary standards having known measurement characteri
19、stics. Correlation, in the context of this Technical Specification, is the degree of association between the quality control laboratory and the online sensor. 20 Online gauge users are looking to evaluate the capability (in a SPC “Statistical Process Control” sense) of their equipment. This is done
20、usually through a measuring process which mixes a calibration process of the gauge itself, as presented in 4.1, and a correlation process with laboratory equipment, as presented in 4.2. The requirements for online measuring equipment and its measurement process in the context of paper and board manu
21、facturing is discussed in 4.1. Usual acceptable tolerances for the instrument itself and for the process to be measured are given. The gauge itself may regularly be verified automatically through a so-called “automatic standardization” or “internal standardization”. A “static calibration” often refe
22、rs to an operation during which the gauge is removed from the moving web. A “dynamic calibration” often refers to an operation on the moving web, either in a fixed position or traversing. The requirements for periodic calibration procedures and for decision-making are given in 4.2. This type of veri
23、fication is a correlation or a comparison between online and off-line measuring system. Results of actions of either 4.1, or 4.2, or both, may lead to a physical “calibration adjustment” of the gauge sensor and constitutes the metrological comparability. Calculations of uncertainties are widely desc
24、ribed in several ISO documents 18and uncertainties linked to equipment are not within the scope of this Technical Specification. Properties such as formation, fibre orientation, optical roughness and air permeance are measured widely with online gauges. For these properties, ISO standards for labora
25、tory equipment do not exist or international reference materials are not available, and therefore testing of these properties are out of the scope of this document. However, it is recommended to use methodology requirements of 4.1 and calibration procedure principles of 4.2.1. ISO 2015 All rights re
26、served v PD ISO/TS 20460:2015 Paper and board Automated on-line testing Metrological comparability between standardized measurements and output of on-line gauges 1 Scope This Technical Specification establishes guidelines to link and, where applicable, calibrate the online gauge, following laborator
27、y measurement for a given paper and board property. Paper and board online measuring equipment is mostly based on different technology to that of laboratory equipment. Therefore, this Technical Specification specifies the International Standards to be chosen for the determination of physical propert
28、ies of paper and board when measured online. It is applicable to all kind of paper and board. In case of dispute, the usual reference is the laboratory testing but the parties may decide that the online measurements are valid based on the application of this International Standard. 2 Normative refer
29、ences The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. I
30、SO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples ISO 287, Paper and board Determination of moisture content of a lot Oven-drying method ISO 534, Paper and board Determination of thickness, density
31、and specific volume ISO 536, Paper and board Determination of grammage ISO 1762, Paper, board and pulps Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 525 degrees C ISO 2469, Paper, board and pulps Measurement of diffuse radiance factor (diffuse reflectance factor) ISO 8254-1, Paper and board Measure
32、ment of specular gloss Part 1: 75 degree gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method ISO 15397, Graphic technology Communication of graphic paper properties ISO 22514-1, Statistical methods in process management Capability and performance Part 1: General principles and concepts ISO 22514-7, Statistic
33、al methods in process management Capability and performance Part 7: Capability of measurement processes 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 20460:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1 PD ISO/TS 20460
34、:2015 ISO/TS 20460:2015(E) 3.1 calibration operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties (3.7) provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties an
35、d, in a second step, uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result (3.5) from an indication Note 1 to entry: A calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may con
36、sist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. Note 2 to entry: Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “self-calibration”, nor with verification (3.15) of calibration. Note 3 to en
37、try: Often, the first step alone in the above definition is perceived as being calibration. SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.39 3.2 c e r t i f i e d r ef er en c e m a t er i a l CRM reference material, accompanied by documentation issued by an authoritative body and providing one or more specified
38、 property values with associated uncertainties and traceabilities, obtained using valid procedures EXAMPLE Calibration service for Photometric calibration described in ISO 2469:2014, Annex A for the measurement of diffuse radiance factor (diffuse reflectance factor). Note 1 to entry: “Documentation”
39、 is given in the form of a “certificate” (see ISO Guide 31:2000). Note 2 to entry: Procedures for the production and certification of certified reference materials are given, e.g. in ISO Guide 33 and ISO Guide 35. Note 3 to entry: In this definition, “uncertainty” covers both measurement uncertainty
40、 and uncertainty associated with the value of a nominal property, such as for identity and sequence. “Traceability” covers both “metrological traceability (3.9) of a quantity value” and “traceability of a nominal property value”. Note 4 to entry: Specified quantity values of certified reference mate
41、rials require metrological traceability with associated measurement uncertainty (Accredited Quality Assurance, 2006). 21 Note 5 to entry: ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition (Accredited Quality Assurance, 2006) but uses the modifiers “metrological” and “metrologically” to refer to both quantity an
42、d nominal properties. SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 5.14 3.3 control chart chart on which some statistical measure of a series of samples is plotted in a particular order to steer the process with respect to that measure and to control and reduce variation Note 1 to entry: The particular order is u
43、sually based on time or sample number. Note 2 to entry: The control chart operates most effectively when the measure is a process variable which is correlated with an ultimate product or service characteristic. SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 2.3.12 ISO 2015 All rights reserved PD ISO/TS 20460:2015 ISO/TS
44、20460:2015(E) 3.4 cumulative sum control chart CUSUM chart control chart where the cumulative sum of deviations of successive sample values from a reference value is plotted to detect shifts in the level of the measure plotted Note 1 to entry: The ordinate of each plotted point represents the algebr
45、aic sum of the previous ordinate and the most recent deviation from the reference, target or control value. Note 2 to entry: The best discrimination of changes in level is achieved when the reference value is equal to the overall average value. Note 3 to entry: The chart can be used in control, diag
46、nostic or predictive mode. Note 4 to entry: When used in control mode it can be interpreted graphically by a mask (e.g. V-mask) superimposed on the graph. A signal occurs if the path of the CUSUM intersects or touches the boundary of the mask. SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 2.3.5 3.5 measurement result re
47、sult of measurement set of quantity values being attributed to a measureand together with any other available relevant information Note 1 to entry: A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of quantity values, such that some may be more representative of the measur
48、and than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (PDF). Note 2 to entry: A measurement result is generally expressed as a single measured quantity value and a measurement uncertainty (3.7). If the measurement uncertainty is considered to be negligible for some pur
49、pose, the measurement result may be expressed as a single measured quantity value. In many fields, this is the common way of expressing a measurement result. Note 3 to entry: In the traditional literature and in the previous edition of the VIM, measurement result was defined as a value attributed to a measurand and explained to mean an indication, or an uncorrected result, or a corrected result, according to the context. SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.9 3.6 measuring system set of one
