1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/TS 3814:2014 Standard tests for measuring reaction-to-fire of products and materials Their development and applicationPD ISO/TS 3814:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 3814:2014. The UK participation i
2、n its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee FSH/21/-/8, Reaction to fire tests - Classification and application of test results. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessar
3、y provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 77281 8 ICS 13.220.50 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Documen
4、t was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD ISO/TS 3814:2014 ISO 2014 Standard tests for measuring reaction- to-fire of products and materials Their development and application Essais de
5、 mesurage de la “raction au feu” des matriaux de btiment Leur laboration et leur application TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 3814 First edition 2014-03-01 Reference number ISO/TS 3814:2014(E)PD ISO/TS 3814:2014ISO/TS 3814:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 Al
6、l rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested f
7、rom either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandPD ISO/TS 3814:2014ISO/TS 3814:2014(E) ISO 2014
8、 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Development of reaction to fire tests 2 5 Fire development and growth. 3 5.1 General context . 3 5.2 Fire performance of products 4 6 Fire hazard assessment . 5 6.1 A
9、determination that a particular product can be potentially hazardous in a fire . 5 6.2 An estimate of the ignitability of the product being ignited under particular conditions . 6 6.3 Knowledge of the reaction of the product in various fire situations 6 6.4 Uses of reaction-to-fire tests in reducing
10、 fire hazard in different areas 7 7 Future developments and conclusions 8 Annex A (informative) Reaction-to-fire tests 10 Bibliography .19PD ISO/TS 3814:2014ISO/TS 3814:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (I
11、SO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, gov
12、ernmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maint
13、enance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Atte
14、ntion is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introductio
15、n and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to confor
16、mity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire initiation and growth
17、. This first edition cancels and replaces ISO/TR 3814:1989, which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 3814:2014ISO/TS 3814:2014(E) Introduction A fire can constitute a hazard to both the structure, e.g. building, transport, and to its occupants, because of the heat
18、generated and the production of smoke and gaseous products of combustion. Consequently, early codes and regulations for fire safety were designed to prevent rapid fire development and spread within individual structures and also from one structure to another. These codes have since developed into mo
19、re complex laws governing public safety. Formerly, a distinction was made between the protection of persons from fire and the protection of property, with more importance being placed upon the latter. However, this distinction becomes somewhat difficult to make when considering modern, large-area, h
20、igh-rise structures, where protection of the occupants in-place needs to be substituted for rapid evacuation. Restrictions on the use of combustible materials, compartmentalization, early fire detection, and suppression are key factors for in-place protection of occupants and are also important for
21、minimizing property loss. Real-scale fire tests are the ideal way to quantify the fire hazard of products. However, such tests are impractical in the vast majority of cases. The reaction-to-fire tests developed by ISO/TC 92/SC 1 seek to quantify aspects of the fire hazard that may result from the us
22、e of particular products in particular applications in a meaningful, cost-effective, and reproducible way. This Technical Specification describes the work being carried out by ISO/TC 92/SC 1 on the development of tests and guidance for the “reaction-to-fire” of products and discusses the role and li
23、mitation of these tests in reducing fire danger. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vPD ISO/TS 3814:2014PD ISO/TS 3814:2014Standard tests for measuring reaction-to-fire of products and materials Their development and application 1 Scope This Technical Specification describes the relevance of, and how to a
24、pply, the fire tests developed by ISO/TC 92/SC 1 so that they can be used effectively to reduce the hazard of fire. Each reaction-to-fire test is related to the different phases of a developing fire in buildings and transport and has to be seen in its relation to the fire scenario and phase of the f
25、ire it represents. Some reaction-to-fire tests are proposed to assess the fire hazard in those different phases. Although this Technical Specification does not address smouldering combustion, this does not mean that smouldering is not important in some fire development situations. However, there are
26、 no tests in Subcommittee 1 (SC 1) which currently address this phenomenon. This Technical Specification is aimed at indicating those ISO tests which produce relevant and useful data for fire safety engineering and those which do not. This Technical Specification is also of use to regulators, people
27、 who are performing reaction-to-fire tests including manufacturers and all people who are responsible to create, control, and assess fire safety concepts. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its ap
28、plication. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies ISO 5657, Reaction to fire tests Ignitability of building products using a radiant heat source ISO/TS 5658-1, Reaction to fire tes
29、ts Spread of flame Part 1: Guidance on flame spread ISO 5658-2, Reaction to fire tests Spread of flame Part 2: Lateral spread on building and transport products in vertical configuration ISO 5658-4, Reaction to fire tests Spread of flame Part 4: Intermediate-scale test of vertical spread of flame wi
30、th vertically oriented specimen ISO 5660-1, Reaction-to-fire tests Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate Part 1: Heat release rate (cone calorimeter method) and smoke production rate (dynamic measurement) ISO 9239-1, Reaction to fire tests for floorings Part 1: Determination of the burni
31、ng behaviour using a radiant heat source ISO 9239-2, Reaction to fire tests for floorings Part 2: Determination of flame spread at a heat flux level of 25 kW/m2 ISO 9705-1, Reaction to fire tests Room corner test for wall and ceiling lining products Part 1: Test method for a small room configuration
32、 ISO/TR 9705-2, Reaction-to-fire tests Full-scale room tests for surface products Part 2: Technical background and guidance ISO/TR 11925-1, Reaction to fire tests Ignitability of building products subjected to direct impingement of flame Part 1: Guidance on ignitability ISO 11925-2, Reaction to fire
33、 tests Ignitability of products subjected to direct impingement of flame Part 2: Single-flame source test TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 3814:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/TS 3814:2014ISO/TS 3814:2014(E) ISO 11925-3, Reaction to fire tests Ignitability of building products subjected t
34、o direct impingement of flame Part 3: Multi-source test ISO 12136, Reaction to fire tests Measurement of material properties using a fire propagation apparatus ISO/TR 13387-1, Fire safety engineering Part 1: Application of fire performance concepts to design objectives ISO/TR 13387-2, Fire safety en
35、gineering Part 2: Design fire scenarios and design fires ISO/TR 13387-3, Fire safety engineering Part 3: Assessment and verification of mathematical fire models ISO 13784-1, Reaction to fire test for sandwich panel building systems Part 1: Small room test ISO 13784-2, Reaction-to-fire tests for sand
36、wich panel building systems Part 2: Test method for large rooms ISO 13785-1, Reaction-to-fire tests for faades Part 1: Intermediate-scale test ISO 13785-2, Reaction-to-fire tests for faades Part 2: Large-scale test ISO 13943, Fire safety Vocabulary ISO 14696, Reaction-to-fire tests Determination of
37、fire and thermal parameters of materials, products and assemblies using an intermediate-scale calorimeter (ICAL) ISO 14934-1, Fire tests Calibration and use of heat flux meters Part 1: General principles ISO 14934-2, Fire tests Calibration and use of heat flux meters Part 2: Primary calibration meth
38、ods ISO 14934-3, Fire tests Calibration and use of heat flux meters Part 3: Secondary calibration method ISO 14934-4, Fire tests Calibration and use of heat flux meters Part 4: Guidance on the use of heat flux meters in fire tests ISO/TS 16732, Fire Safety Engineering Guidance on fire risk assessmen
39、t ISO/TR 17252, Fire tests Applicability of reaction to fire tests to fire modelling and fire safety engineering ISO/TS 17431, Fire tests Reduced-scale model box test ISO 20632, Reaction-to-fire tests Small room test for pipe insulation products or systems ISO/TS 22269, Reaction to fire tests Fire g
40、rowth Full-scale test for stairs and stair coverings ISO 24473, Fire tests Open calorimetry Measurement of the rate of production of heat and combustion products for fires of up to 40 MW 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 apply. NO
41、TE ISO 13943 defines reaction-to-fire as the response of a product (material) in contributing by its own decomposition to a fire to which it is exposed, under specified conditions. 4 Development of reaction to fire tests Authorities responsible for fire safety in many countries have been concerned o
42、ver the years about the safe use of materials in the construction environment. A number of national test methods have, therefore, been developed to provide the data necessary to identify the important characteristics of 2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 3814:2014ISO/TS 3814:2014(E) materials a
43、nd products under fire conditions. These tests, most of which are of laboratory scale, are collectively referred to as “reaction-to-fire” tests and include ignitability, surface spread of flame, smoke development and obscuration, rate of heat release, non-combustibility, and corner, wall, and/or roo
44、m fire development. The original “reaction-to-fire” tests were generally developed with particular hazards, or fire situations, in mind. For example, the predecessors of the modern surface spread of flame tests were developed in the 1930s and 1940s using flame or radiative heat exposure to represent
45、 a fire burning freely in one corner of a room. Such tests are frequently referred to as “open tests”. Later developments led to tests which included a representation of the room itself, these tests being called “enclosure tests” or “box tests”. In the latter case some, or all of the heat produced b
46、y the burning material, is retained in the enclosure and therefore can in turn affect more of the material. Consequently, fire exposures in “enclosure tests” are often more severe (in terms of heat release rate) than in “open tests”. Some tests are designed to measure more than one fire parameter. T
47、he individual results can sometimes be used independently, although the importance attached to each can vary, whereas in others the test results can be combined empirically to produce an index, or a range of indices, of performance. Considerable care should be taken when interpreting the results of
48、such combined tests. Because the various national reaction-to-fire test methods have been developed in different ways, even though they are intended to measure essentially the same fire characteristics, it has proved very difficult, and in some cases impossible, to obtain any meaningful correlations
49、 between the test results obtained when using them. This has created major difficulties, both for the product manufacturers and for regulatory authorities around the world, when comparing the fire performance of products which have been tested using different national test methods. Additional problems have also arisen concerning international acceptance of fire test data, and in some cases these have created barriers to trade. In attempt to re
