1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 12Calculation of Petroleum QuantitiesSection 1Calculation of Static Petroleum QuantitiesPart 2Calculation Procedures for Tank CarsFIRST EDITION, MAY 2003REAFFIRMED, MAY 2011Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 12Calculation of Petroleum Quan
2、titiesSection 1Calculation of Static Petroleum QuantitiesPart 2Calculation Procedures for Tank CarsMeasurement CoordinationFIRST EDITION, MAY 2003REAFFIRMED, SEPTEMBER 2011SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local
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16、.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.iiiCONTENTSPage1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
17、3 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 REQUIRED DATA ACQUISITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . 45.1 Tank Car Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.2 Product Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 ACTUAL LOADED QUANTITY CALCULATIONS
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 General Purpose Cars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.2 Pressure Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 V
21、apor Space Heel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 Overload Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 ROUNDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.1 Data Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 Rounding of Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . 7APPENDIX A LOADING TARGET QUANTITY CALCULATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9APPENDIX B CALCULATION OF TANK CAR SHELL EXPANSION/CONTRACTION WITH TEMPERATURE. . . . . . . . . . 11APPENDIX C CALCULATION OF TANK CAR SHELL EXPANSION WITH PRESSURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . 13APPENDIX D CALCULATION OF MAGNETIC GAUGE OFFSETS . . . . . . . . . . . . 15APPENDIX E CALCULATION EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19FiguresD.1 Magnetic Float Gauge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . 15D.2 Derivation of a Spherical Volume Segment or Bowl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Tables1 Significant Digits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7B-1 Tank Car Volume Correction Factors Due to Shell Temp
26、erature Expansion. . . . . 12C-1 Pressure Expansion Table for a Typical (D = 120 in., t = 11/16in., mild steel) Pressure Car . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13E-1 Tank Car Capacity Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35E-2 Tank Car Capacity Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36E-3 Tank Car Capacity Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37E-4 Tank Car Capacity T
28、able . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38E-5 Tank Car Capacity Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39v1Chapter 12 Calculation of Petroleum QuantitiesSection 1 Calculation of Static Pet
29、roleum QuantitiesPart 2 Calculation Procedures for Tank Cars1 Introduction This Chapter of the Manual of Petroleum MeasurementStandardsdescribes the standardized method for calculatingtarget loading quantities and actual loading quantities of liq-uids in tank cars. Also addressed within this chapter
30、 is anexplanation of the factors required for the calculations.2 ScopeThis Chapter is applicable to all crude oils, petroleumproducts, and petrochemicals (including LPGs and other liq-uefied gases) transported by rail tank car. It does not coverany products loaded or measured as solids. It defines t
31、heterms required to understand the calculations, and providesinstructions for their use. The cars are assumed to be on levelground.3 References APIManual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (API MPMS)Chapter 1 “Vocabulary”Chapter 3.2 “Tank Car Measurement”Chapter 7 “Temperature Determination”Chapter
32、11 “Physical Properties Data”Chapter 11.1 “Volume X Background, Development,and Program Documentation”Chapter 12.2 “Calculation of Petroleum QuantitiesUsing Dynamic Measurement Methodsand Volumetric Correction Factors”API White Paper “The Use of the Petroleum MeasurementTables Manual of Petroleum Me
33、asure-ment Standards”, Chapter 11.1 (API Std2540, ASTM D1250, IP 200, ISO 91-1)Std 2554Measurement and Calibration of Tank CarsDOT149 CFR, Parts 10618049 CFR, Ch. II 215.201GPA28195-95 “Tentative Standard for Converting NetVapor Space Volumes to Equivalent LiquidVolumes”ASTM3ASTM-IP Petroleum Measur
34、ement Tables, 1952.4 DefinitionsExtended definition of vocabulary applicable to this Chap-ter is presented below. Terms of more general use (i.e., APIGravity, Density, etc.) may be found in APIMPMSChapter 1.4.1 GENERAL4.1.1 capacity table:See definition for tank car capacitytable.4.1.2 capacity tabl
35、e adjustment factor (CTAF):Since one capacity table may be used for hundreds of tank cars,yet tank cars cannot be constructed to exactly match the table,the table may be mathematically fitted to the tank car by apply-ing an adjustment factor. This factor is calculated by dividingthe stenciled volume
36、 (Vs) by the table max volume (Vtblmax).4.1.3 closed loading/unloading:The manway remainsclosed or covered during loading/unloading. For a pressure car,sampling and measurement must be accomplished by externalmeans or special local procedures.4.1.4 compartment car:A car with two or more inde-pendent
37、 (no common walls) tanks, each with its own man-way, reference point, and capacity table.4.1.5 correction, temperature, liquid (CTL):See vol-ume correction factor.4.1.6 correction, temperature, shell (CTS): A correc-tion for the expansion of the tank cars steel shell due to tem-perature.4.1.7 custod
38、y transfer measurement: Provides quan-tity and quality information used for the physical and fiscaldocumentation of a change in ownership and/or responsibilityfor commodities.4.1.8 dome tank cars: Non-pressure tank cars with anexpansion trunk (dome) at the top center of the tank car toprovide space
39、for expansion of the liquid in the car. The man-way nozzle is on the dome. These are generally 10,000 gal-lons or less and are no longer made. Since tank cars have astatutory 50-year lifetime, they will continue to be used forsome time (49 CFRCh. II, 215.201, as of this printing).1U.S. Department of
40、 Transportation. The Code of Federal Regula-tionsis available from the U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, D.C. 20402.2Gas Processors Association, 6526 East 60th Street, Tulsa, Okla-homa 74145.3American Society for Testing and Measurement, 100 Barr HarborDrive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvani
41、a, 19248.2CHAPTER12 CALCULATIONOFPETROLEUMQUANTITIES4.1.9 domeless tank cars: Tank cars with the manwaynozzle attached directly to the top of the tank car shell.4.1.10 funnel flow cars: Tank cars that have a “V” shapeto allow drainage. The manway nozzle is usually locatedabout 6 inches off the cente
42、r point, along the longitudinal axisof the car. The slope of each of the two halves is on the orderof 0.25 inches/foot. Slope and manway position will varywith the manufacturer.4.1.11 gauge: The measure of the liquid level in a tank,vertically from the tank cars reference gauge point.4.1.12 gauging:
43、A process of measuring the height of aliquid in a container.4.1.13 general purpose tank car: A non-pressure tankcar designed and constructed under DOT regulations to trans-port liquids of relatively low volatility, such as asphalts, crudeoils, fuel oils, solvents, specialty chemicals, etc.4.1.14 gro
44、ss observed volume (GOV):The total vol-ume of all petroleum liquids and sediment and water, exclud-ing free water, at observed temperature and pressure. 4.1.15 heel:The amount of liquid and vapor present in acar before loading, or left in a car after unloading.4.1.16 innage gauge:The depth of liquid
45、 measured atthe tank cars reference gauge point from the bottom of thetank car shell upwards to the liquid surface.4.1.17 interior lining:The surface coating applied to theinterior of a tank car shell to prevent the contents from con-tacting the metal shell. Linings may be damaged if gaugingequipmen
46、t is not used carefully. The thickness of the lining isincluded in the calculation of the tanks capacity table. If alining is removed, replaced, or added at a later date by thecars owner, the capacity table should be recalculated.4.1.18 light weight (tare): The number painted on thesides of a tank c
47、ar near its ends indicating the empty weightof the car.4.1.19 liquefied gas: A generic term referring to gases(such as ammonia, butylene, propylene, ethylene oxide, pro-pylene oxide, etc.) stored and transported under pressure as aliquid.4.1.20 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG): Gas that is pre-dominant
48、ly butane and propane, separated from natural gaso-line or natural gas, and sold in liquid form as fuel-commonlyknown as bottled gas, tank gas, or LP gas.4.1.21 liquid equivalent: The quantity of liquid productcontained as a gas in the vapor space above the liquid surfacein a pressure tank car.4.1.2
49、2 load limit:The number painted on the sides of atank car near its ends indicating the maximum legal weight ofits contents.4.1.23 magnetic float gauge:A gauging device fitted toa tank car to permit measuring the liquid level in the car with-out opening the car to the atmosphere. The device consists ofa spherical toroidal float with an interior magnet that movesup and down a hollow tube (sealed to the outside) as the carsliquid level changes. Another magnet is attached to the bot-tom of a graduated gauge rod located in the hollow tube andaccessible from the outside. W
