1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 17Marine MeasurementSection 2Measurement of Cargoes On Board Tank VesselsSECOND EDITION, MAY 1999REAFFIRMED, SEPTEMBER 2011Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 17Marine MeasurementSection 2Measurement of Cargoes On Board Tank VesselsMeasurem
2、ent CoordinationSECOND EDITION, MAY 1999REAFFIRMED, SEPTEMBER 2011SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of
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13、sion from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 1999 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis publication is intended to encourage the development of uniform practices for mea-surement of cargoes aboard marine tank vessel
14、s. It presents current methods of cargo mea-surement, but this is not intended to preclude the use of any new technology or the revisionof the methods presented. To gain a better understanding of the methods described in thispublication, the reader should review in detail the latest editions of the
15、referenced publica-tions.Metric units are listed in this document in a manner that reects current marine practice.Nothing contained in this publication is intended to supersede any operating practices rec-ommended by organizations such as the Oil Companies International Marine Forum or indi-vidual o
16、perating companies, nor is the publication intended to conict with any safety orenvironmental considerations, local conditions, or the specic provisions of any contract.All procedures described in this publication should be performed by or in the presence ofthe ships master, the barge captain, or th
17、eir representatives. For reasons of safety, only non-sparking equipment shall be used for measurements on board marine tank vessels.This standard requires the purchaser to specify certain details and features. Although it isrecognized that the purchaser may desire to modify, delete, or amplify secti
18、ons of this stan-dard, it is strongly recommended that such modications, deletions, and amplications bemade by supplementing this standard, rather than by rewriting or incorporating sectionsthereof into another complete standard.API standards are published as an aid to procurement of standardized eq
19、uipment andmaterials. These standards are not intended to inhibit purchaser or producers from purchas-ing or producing products made to specications other than those of API.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and
20、 reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or
21、municipal regulation with which thispublication may conict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the general manager of theUpstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.20005.iiiCONTENTSPage1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 NORMATIVE REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.
23、1 Denitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Symbols and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 Electrical and Operating Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.3 Sealing . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.4 Vapor Control Valve Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 OPEN MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、55.1 Open Manual Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 Open Manual Gauging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.3 Open Temperature Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 CLOSED AND RESTRICTED MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.1 Manual Closed and Restricted Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.2 Automatic Closed Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 SAMPLING AND SAMPLE HANDLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277.1 Manual Sampling of Petroleum Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277.2 Dynamic Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297.3 Manifold (Spot Line) Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307.4 Handling of Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
30、7.5 Labeling of Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 DATA COLLECTION, TABLES, BASIC CALCULATIONS, RECORDS, AND REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.1
31、Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.2 Capacity Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.3 Volume Correction Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318.4 Observations, Measurements, and Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318.5 Volume of Ships Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS. . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319.1 High-Viscosity and High-Pour-Point Cargoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.2 Heated Cargoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、329.3 Measurement On Board Rolling Marine Tank Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.4 Spiked Crudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.5 High RVP Cargoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.6 Solidied OBQ/ROB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.7 Out-of-Trim Vessels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.8 Static Accumulator Cargoe
36、s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32vPageAPPENDIX A PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FIRE CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33APPENDIX B ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS AND CAUTIONARY NOTES. . . . 35APPE
37、NDIX C CONVERSION FACTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45APPENDIX D TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF CRUDE OILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Figures1 Typical Container Assemblies for Bottle Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61a Ty
38、pical Container Assemblies for Beaker Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Typical Bottom Sampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83a Typical Thief Type Sampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83b Typical Core/Zone Type Sampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Typical Scoop Sampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Typical Innage/Ullage Equipment . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Manual Tank Gauging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Measurement of Free Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . 128a Typical Mercury-in-Glass Thermometer Assemblies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148b A Type of PET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Typical Vapor Control Valves (VCVs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179a Typical Deck Mountings of Vapor Control Valves PMUs Not Attached. . . . . . . . 189b Typical Deck Mountings of Vapor Control Valves PMUs Attached . . . . . . . . . . . 1810 Two Types of Portable Measurement Units (PMUs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、. . 2011 Typical Recessed Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2012 Type of Portable Sampling Unit (PSU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2213 Typical Special Weighted Bar and Bob Units. . . . . . . . . . .
44、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2214 A Type of Automatic Fixed Measurement System Permanently Installed on a Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2415 Type of Automatic Sampler Designed for Shipboard Use . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2516 Sampling Depths in Ship or Barge Tank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27B-1 Single Hull Ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36B-2 Typical Double Hull Cross Section
46、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36B-3 Typical Mid-Deck VLCC Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37B-4a Typical OBO Cross Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、. 39B-4b Typical ORO Cross Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39B-5 Draft Readings: US Customary Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40B-6 Draft Readings: Metric Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40B-7 Method To Calculate Vessels List Using Midships Draft Readings . . . . . . . . . . . 41B-8 Calculating a Trim Correction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42B-9 Method to Calculate List Correction . .
49、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Tables1 Sample Calculations of Ullage Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Sample Calculation of Ullage Gauge Using the Alternative Ullage Procedure. . . 133 Sample Calculation of Innage Gauge Using the Alternative Innage Procedure . . 134 Liquid Temperature Measurement Location Requirements for Portable Electronic Thermometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155a Recommended Immersion Times for Woodback C
