1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 17Marine MeasurementSection 4Method for Quantification of Small Volumes on Marine Vessels (OBQ/ROB)FIRST EDITION, OCTOBER 1994REAFFIRMED, AUGUST 2009ERRATA, SEPTEMBER 2004Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 17Marine MeasurementSection 4Meth
2、od for Quantification of Small Volumes on Marine Vessels (OBQ/ROB)Measurement CoordinationFIRST EDITION, OCTOBER 1994REAFFIRMED, AUGUST 2009ERRATA, SEPTEMBER 2004SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, a
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16、 Standards department,1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiivCONTENTSPageSECTION 4METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF SMALLVOLUMES ON MARINE VESSELS (OBQ/ROB)17.4.0 Introduction 117.4.1 Scope and Field of Application 117.4.2 Referenced Publications . 117.4.3 Definitions 117.4.4 Safet
17、y and Health Considerations 217.4.5 Quantification Procedures 217.4.5.1 Gauging 217.4.5.2 Temperatures 217.4.5.3 Sampling 217.4.5.4 Vessel Cargo Lines and Pumps 217.4.5.5 Slops . 217.4.6 OBQ/ROB Characteristics 317.4.6.1 Liquid Material 317.4.6.2 Nonliquid Material . 317.4.7 Calculating Quantities 3
18、APPENDIX APRECAUTIONARY INFORMATION . 5APPENDIX BCONFIGURATION EXAMPLES AND CALCULATIONS . 7APPENDIX CON-BOARD QUANTITY/REMAINING ON BOARDREPORT . 13APPENDIX DWEDGE CALCULATION 17FiguresB-1Nonliquid Only 7B-2Single Liquid in Contact with All Four Bulkheads . 7B-3Single Liquid in Contact with Three B
19、ulkheads Only . 8B-4Single Liquid Above Nonliquid (Liquid in Contact withAll Four Bulkheads) 9B-5Single Liquid Above Nonliquid (Liquid in Contact withThree Bulkheads Only) 9B-6Two Liquids (Both Liquids in Contact with All Four Bulkheads) 10B-7Two Liquids (Lower Liquid in Contact with Three Bulkheads
20、 Only) . 10B-8Two Liquids (Both Liquids in Contact with Three Bulkheads Only) 10B-9Two Liquids with a Nonliquid Lower Layer (Lower Layer Liquid inContact with Three Bulkheads Only) . 11B-10Two Liquids with a Nonliquid Lower Layer (Lower Layer Liquid inContact with All Four Bulkheads) . 11B-11Two Liq
21、uids with a Nonliquid Lower Layer (Both Liquids inContact with Three Bulkheads Only) . 1117.4.0 IntroductionThe purpose of this standard is to provide a method for de-termining the small volumes of on-board quantity (OBQ)prior to loading a vessel or material remaining on board(ROB) a vessel upon com
22、pletion of discharge.17.4.1 Scope and Field of ApplicationThis standard applies only to quantification by manualgauging of small volumes on marine vessels prior to loadingor upon completion of discharge. It does not address clin-gage, hydrocarbon vapors, cargoes in transit, or cargopumpability (refe
23、r to API MPMS Chapter 3).17.4.2 Referenced PublicationsThe following publications are cited in this standard:ACGIH1Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances andPhysical Agents in the Work EnvironmentAPIPubl 2026 Safe Descent Onto Floating Roofs of Tanks inPetroleum ServicePubl 2217 Guidelines f
24、or Confined Space Work in thePetroleum IndustryManual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 1, “Vocabulary”Chapter 3, “Tank Gauging,” Section 1A,“Standard Practice for the Manual Gaugingof Petroleum and Petroleum Products”Chapter 7, “Temperature Determination,” Chapter 8, “Sampling,” Section 1,
25、“ManualSampling of Petroleum and PetroleumProducts”Chapter 17, “Marine Measurement,” Section 1,“Guidelines for Marine Cargo Inspection”;Section 2, “Measurement of Cargoes OnBoard Tank Vessels”ICS2/OCIMF3/IAPH4International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals(ISGOTT)5OSHA6Occupational Safety a
26、nd Health Standards, 29 Code ofFederal Regulations Section 1910.1000 andfollowing17.4.3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this standard, the following definitionsapply.17.4.3.1 clingage: cargo that adheres to all surfaces ofthe emptied portion of the tank other than bottom surfaces.17.4.3.2 liquid volu
27、me: the measurable amount of ma-terial that is free flowing at the time of measurement.17.4.3.3 multipoint gauging: the activity of measur-ing cargo in a vessel tank through two or more openings inthe top of the tank.17.4.3.4 nonliquid volume: the measurable amount ofmaterial that is not free flowin
28、g at the time of measurement.Nonliquid material may include any one or a combination ofhydrocarbon waxes, water/oil emulsions, sediment, or solid-ified cargo.17.4.3.5 on-board quantity (OBQ): the material pre-sent in a vessels cargo tanks, void spaces, and pipelines be-fore the vessel is loaded. On-
29、board quantity may include anycombination of water, oil, slops, oil residue, oil/water emul-sion, and sediment.17.4.3.6 remaining on board (ROB): the material re-maining in a vessels cargo tanks, void spaces, and pipelinesafter the cargo is discharged. Remaining on board quantitymay include any comb
30、ination of water, oil, slops, oil residue,oil/water emulsion, and sediment.1Chapter 17Marine MeasurementSECTION 4METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF SMALL VOLUMES ONMARINE VESSELS (OBQ/ROB)1American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 6500 Glen-way Avenue, Building D-7, Cincinnati, Ohio 45211
31、.2International Chamber of Shipping, 30/32 Mary Axe Street, London EC3A8ET, England.3Oil Companies International Marine Forum, Portland House, 6th Floor,Stag Place, London SW1E 5BH, England.4International Association of Ports and Harbors, Kotohira-Kaikan Building,2-8, Toranomon 1-Chome Minato-Ku, To
32、kyo 105, Japan.5ISGOTT is available from Witherby Appendix Dalso provides a wedge calculation worksheet.2CHAPTER 17MARINE MEASUREMENT0417.4.6 OBQ/ROB CharacteristicsCare must be taken to determine the liquid or nonliquidnature of OBQ/ROB. Both liquid and nonliquid materialmay co-exist in the same ve
33、ssel compartment.17.4.6.1 LIQUID MATERIALLiquid material may include any one or a combination ofliquid petroleum, suspended sediment and water, or free wa-ter. The free water interface can often be measured with wa-ter-finding paste or an electronic interface detector. Toaccurately determine the com
34、position of liquid material,samples must be taken and examined or tested.17.4.6.1.1 When a vessel is not on an even keel, liquid vol-umes must be quantified by trim/list correction, wedge table,or wedge formula. When liquid contacts all bulkheads, a trimcorrection must be applied to the vessel tank
35、calibration ta-bles, or a trim table must be used. If liquid does not contactall bulkheads, a wedge table or the wedge formula must beused. See Appendix D.17.4.6.1.2 Liquid may lie on top of nonliquid in the samecompartment. When gauging indicates the presence of bothliquid and nonliquid material, t
36、he liquid volume is calculatedby subtracting the nonliquid volume from the total observedvolume of OBQ/ROB in the compartment.17.4.6.2 NONLIQUID MATERIAL17.4.6.2.1 To accurately determine the composition ofnonliquid material, samples must be taken and examined ortested.17.4.6.2.2 Nonliquid material
37、may be in a wedge condi-tion. Multipoint gauging is recommended to determine if awedge condition exists.17.4.6.2.2.1 Since the wedge formula uses a trim factor todetermine the quantity, an accurate calculation will not bepossible without knowing the trim of the vessel at the timethe material solidif
38、ied.17.4.6.2.2.2 If the material measured is not a wedge, theaverage of the multiple readings should be used for volumedetermination. However, if only one gauge point is available,the material shall be assumed to be evenly distributed overthe tank bottom.17.4.7 Calculating QuantitiesAfter carefully
39、assessing the configuration of the materialin the tank, calculate the materials volume according to theillustrative examples, formulae, and forms given in Ap-pendixes B through D.SECTION 4METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF SMALL VOLUMES ON MARINE VESSELS (OBQ/ROB) 3A.1 Physical Characteristics and Fire Co
40、nsiderationsA.1.1 Personnel involved with the handling of petroleum-related substances (and otherchemical materials) should be familiar with their physical and chemical characteristics, in-cluding potential for fire, explosion, and reactivity, and appropriate emergency procedures.Personnel should co
41、mply with individual company safe operating practices and local, state,and federal regulations, including use of proper protective clothing and equipment. Person-nel should be alert to avoid potential sources of ignition and should keep containers of ma-terials closed when not in use.A.1.2 API Publi
42、cations 2217 and 2026 and any applicable regulations should be consultedwhen sampling requires entry into confined spaces.A.1.3 INFORMATION REGARDING PARTICULAR MATERIALS AND CONDI-TIONS SHOULD BE OBTAINED FROM THE EMPLOYER, THE MANUFACTUREROR SUPPLIER OF THAT MATERIAL, OR THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA S
43、HEET.A.2 Safety and Health ConsiderationsA.2.1 Potential health effects can result from exposure to any chemical and are dependenton the toxicity of the chemical, concentration, and length of the exposure. Everyone shouldminimize his or her exposure to workplace chemicals. The following general prec
44、autionsare suggested:a. Minimize skin and eye contact and breathing of vapors.b. Keep chemicals away from the mouth; they can be harmful or fatal if swallowed or as-pirated.c. Keep containers closed when not in use.d. Keep work areas as clean as possible and well ventilated.e. Clean up spills prompt
45、ly and in accordance with pertinent safety, health, and environ-mental regulations.f. Observe established exposure limits and use proper protective clothing and equipment.Information on exposure limits can be found by consulting the most recent editions of theOccupational Safety and Health Standards
46、, 29 Code of Federal Regulations, Sections1910.1000 and following, and the ACGIH publication Threshold Limit Values for ChemicalSubstances and Physical Agents in the Work Environment.A.2.2 INFORMATION CONCERNING SAFETY AND HEALTH RISKS ANDPROPER PRECAUTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR MATERIALS ANDCO
47、NDITIONS SHOULD BE OBTAINED FROM THE EMPLOYER, THE MANUFAC-TURER, OR THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET.5APPENDIX APRECAUTIONARY INFORMATIONB.1 Nonliquid Only (See Figure B-1)No trim correction or wedge formula applicable. Volumeto be obtained directly from vessels calibration tables.EXAMPLE (all units
48、in meters)S = observed soundingS1= 0.15S2= 0.12S3= 0.15If more than one sounding is taken, calculate the mathe-matical average (see below) and then go to the vessels cal-ibration tables. In this example there are three soundings. Ifit is only possible to take one sounding, then the one is usedto ent
49、er the tables.B.2 Single Liquid in Contact with AllFour Bulkheads (See Figure B-2)Trim correction to be applied. Corrected volume to be ob-tained directly from vessels calibration tables.S = observed soundingThe trim correction is typically applied to the observedsounding to arrive at a trim corrected sounding. The trimS=SSS=000=0.42= 0.14123+315 12 1533.corrected sounding is used to enter the vessels calibrationtables to obtain the liquid volume.Caution must be exercised when applying trim correctionsto soundings. If the trim corrections
