1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 18Custody TransferSection 1Measurement Procedures for Crude Oil Gathered from Lease Tanks by TruckTHIRD EDITION, MAY 2018Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,
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7、om using any other practices.Classified areas may vary depending on the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any given situation. Users of this Standard should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction.Users of this Standard should not rely exclusively on th
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19、y by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope and Field of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 The Custody Transfer Concept Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 General Responsibilities and Cautions for the COTD . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 Control of Measurement Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 Witnessing Sampling, Gauging, and Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.4 Measurement and Test Equipment . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Sequence for Measuring Crude Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Run Tickets and Tank Rejections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Annex A (in
26、formative) Outline for Transfer-of-Custody Procedure for Crude Oil Gathered from Lease Tanks by Trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Annex B (informative) Measurement Diag
27、rams Referred to in This Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Figures1 Logic Flow for Custody Trans
28、fer of Crude Oil from Lease Tank to Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4B.1 Cup-Case Thermometer Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10B.2 Spot Sampling Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B.3 Thief Sampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12B.4 Thermohydrometer . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13B.5 100 mL Cone-Shaped Tube, with Reading Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14B.6 200 Part Cone-Shaped Tube, wi
31、th Reading Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15TablesB.1 Comparison of Recommended Immersion Times for PETs and Woodback Cup-Case Assemblies . . . 11vIntroductionThese procedures are intended to encourage uniform custody transfer measurement a
32、nd testing practices for crude oil gathered from lease tanks by truck; however, they are not intended to interfere with business contracts or local conditions or to comprise the only acceptable method of custody transfer by crude oil truck.vi1Measurement Procedures for Crude Oil Gathered from Lease
33、Tanks by Truck1 Scope and Field of ApplicationThese procedures are organized into a recommended sequence of steps for manually gauging and determining the quantity and quality of crude oil being gathered from lease tanks by truck. These measurements and tests are performed by crude oil truck drivers
34、 (COTDs) and other parties who are responsible for the custody transfer and for recording the results of the measurements and tests on the run tickets. These procedures apply to the custody transfer from lease storage tanks to the transporting truck.2 Normative ReferencesThe following referenced doc
35、uments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.API MPMS Chapter 7.1, Temperature Determination, Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersA
36、PI MPMS Chapter 8.1, Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ANSI/ASTM D4057) 3 Terms and DefinitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.3.1crude oil truck driverCOTDAssumes that the driver is also the gauger. However, it should be re
37、cognized that these duties may be separated between two individuals: a person who only drives the tank truck, and a gauger or applicable representative who is responsible for measurement and testing. 3.2free waterThe water that exists as a separate phase.3.3gatheringThe process of transferring the c
38、ustody of crude oil in the field from one party to another by performing various measurements and quality tests.3.4meniscusThe concave upper surface of a liquid column.3.5merchantable oilApplies to liquid hydrocarbons that are judged to be acceptable for custody transfer to a carrier. Merchantable o
39、il is settled and contains not more than a specified amount of suspended sediment, water, and other impurities.2 API MPMS CHAPTER 18.13.6run ticketThe document, a type of measurement ticket, customarily used to record lease or facility name, location, test data on crude oil quantity and quality, des
40、tination, and gauger and witness signatures that are applicable to a particular gathering.3.7samplingAll the steps required to obtain a sample that is representative of the contents of any pipe, tank, or other vessel, and to place that sample in a container from which a representative test specimen
41、can be taken for analysis.3.8sediment and waterS initial merchantability is then assessed. After these quality samples have been obtained for testing, the quantity measurements may be taken without concern for possible contamination of the quality samples.5 General Responsibilities and Cautions for
42、the COTD5.1 Control of Measurement ErrorsLosses or gains may occur if preventive measures are not taken against spills, tank overruns, inaccurate measurements, or recording of incorrect measurements on run tickets. Proper truck and tank prepumping checks and alert monitoring during pumping are two m
43、easures that help to prevent losses or gains. Operating the measurement and testing equipment skillfully, keeping up all equipment certifications, and keeping it clean and in top operating condition are also preventive measures that help the COTD avoid losses or gains. A vital link in controlling cr
44、ude oil losses or gains, the COTD is also responsible for detecting and reporting defective or inadequate control conditions such as internal encrustation of the tank, dents, settling, or leaks.MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES FOR CRUDE OIL GATHERED FROM LEASE TANKS BY TRUCK 35.2 SafetySafety is an essential
45、part of crude oil trucking operations both on roadways and during custody transfer, so the COTD should be thoroughly familiar with all government and company safety regulations as well as API Recommended Practice 2003, which outlines safety procedures that are important for truck transports. Refer t
46、o appropriate government regulations and publications, such as: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable Liquids OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132 Personal Protective Equipment OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147 The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) OSHA 29 CFR 1910.307 Hazardous (
47、Classified) Locations OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1000 Air Contaminants OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication OSHA Publication 3843, NIOSH-OSHA Hazard Alert: Health and Safety Risks for Workers Involved in Manual Tank Gauging and Sampling at Oil and Gas Extraction Sites These references are provided for i
48、nformational purposes only and do not provide legal advice on compliance with regulations. Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted.5.3 Witnessing Sampling, Gauging, and TestingAll parties directly involved in a custody transfer of crude oil have the right to witness the
49、 quantity measurements and quality tests made during the transfer. These measurements and tests include sampling, gauge reading, temperature taking, S use of a mirror or an approved flashlight may be necessary. 6.3.3 Lower the temperature device to the middle point of the oil column determined by the size of the tank. If using a portable electronic thermometer, ensure the device is grounded before lowering the device.6.3.4 Secure the temperature measuring device at the proper level in the tank per API MPMS Chapter 7.1. For cup case thermometer, see Figure B.1, Annex B.NOTE Stat
