1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 19.4Evaporative Loss Reference Information and Speciation MethodologyTHIRD EDITION, OCTOBER 2012ADDENDUM 1, NOVEMBER 2013Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 19.4Evaporative Loss Reference Information and Speciation MethodologyMeasurement
2、CoordinationTHIRD EDITION, OCTOBER 2012ADDENDUM 1, NOVEMBER 2013Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontrac
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16、ly by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiSummary of Changes to API MPMS Chapters 19.1, 19.2 and 19.4The third edition of API Manual of Petro
17、leum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 19.4 was published followinga revision that was carried out concurrently with revisions to Chapter 19.1, published as the fourth edition, andChapter 19.2, published as the third edition. Primary changes are:1) Consolidation of common material in Chapter 19.4
18、. Material that had previously been included in both Chapters19.1 and 19.2 has been moved to Chapter 19.4. Chapter 19.4, which was previously Recommended Practice forSpeciation of Evaporative Losses, now has the title Evaporative Loss Reference Information and SpeciationMethodology. This Chapter had
19、 already contained reference information on the properties of chemicals andtypical petroleum liquids, and this information has now been removed from Chapters 19.1 and 19.2. In addition,meteorological data have been moved from Chapters 19.1 and 19.2 to Chapter 19.4. In the revised documents:a) Meteor
20、ological data are found in Chapter 19.4,b) Calculation of storage tank temperatures is found in Chapters 19.1 and 19.2 (in that fixed-roof tanks involvecalculation of the vapor space temperature in order to determine vapor density, whereas this step is notinvolved in estimating emissions from floati
21、ng-roof tanks), andc) Calculation of true vapor pressure is found in Chapter 19.4 (in that this is now calculated in the same mannerfor both fixed- and floating-roof tanks).2) Reconciliation of nomenclature. Chapters 19.1 and 19.2 previously had different nomenclature for the samevariables. These re
22、visions adopt a common set of symbols for both chapters.3) Reorganization of the formats. In addition to common material having been removed from Chapters 19.1 and 19.2,the remaining text has been edited to remove unnecessarily verbose or repetitive language. The summary tableswere deemed redundant,
23、 and have been deleted.4) Appendices. Appendices have been redesignated as annexes. 5) SI units. An annex has been added to each chapter to address SI units.Chapter 19.4, third editionIn addition to common reference material being moved to Chapter 19.4, the following changes have been made:1) Solar
24、absorptance factors. The former designations of Good and Poor have been replaced with the designationsNew and Aged, and a new category designated Average has been introduced.2) Alternative methodology for calculating storage tank temperatures. An API study of storage tank temperaturesconcluded that
25、a more sophisticated model for estimating storage tank temperatures has relatively little impact onestimated emissions, and thus the methodology now presented in Chapters 19.1 and 19.2 is the same aspreviously appeared in Chapter 19.1 (and in EPA AP-42). However, a more sophisticated model has been
26、addedas Annex I in Chapter 19.4. 3) No. 6 Fuel Oil. The default properties for No. 6 Fuel Oil have been revised, resulting in a significant increase in theestimated true vapor pressure. The former default properties are now presented as being suitable for vacuumresidual oil. A new default speciation
27、 profile has also been added for No. 6 Fuel Oil. The study on which thesechanges are based has been added as Annex G.v4) Maxwell-Bonnell correlations. The annex presenting the Maxwell-Bonnell correlations has been edited with theconclusion that the separate correlations for predicting the normal boi
28、ling point from distillation data are notreliable.5) Determination of true vapor pressure. Cautions have been added to section 4.2 of Chapter 19.4 with respect tothe use of Reid vapor pressure to determine the stock true vapor pressure, and ASTM test methods D2879 andD6377 have been referenced for d
29、irectly measuring the stock true vapor pressure.viContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Variables . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 Meteorological Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . 24.2 Stock True Vapor Pressure PV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274.3 Component Saturated Vapor Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . 294.4 Stock Liquid Molecular Weight ML. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294.5 Stock Vapor Molecular Weight MV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . 304.6 Component Molecular Weight Mi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304.7 Concentrations for Selected Compounds in Petroleum Liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.8 Tank So
35、lar Absorptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Speciation Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、. . . 395.1 Speciation Based on Liquid Profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.2 Speciation Based on Vapor Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . 416 Speciation Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Speciation Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457.2 Raoults Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467.3 Precision, Accuracy, and Variability of Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477.4 Common Mistakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Annex A (informative) Validity of Raoults Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Annex B (informative) Vapor Pressure by Antoines Equation .
41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Annex C (informative) Comparison of Molecular Weight, Normal Boiling Point, and Blending RVP for Selected Hydrocarbons and Oxygenates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、 . . . . . 62Annex D (informative) Vapor Pressure by Maxwell-Bonnell Correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Annex E (informative) Vapor Pressure by the HOST Test Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Annex F (informative
43、) EPA Categories of POM/PACs/PAHs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Annex G (informative) Properties of Heavy Fuel Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Annex H (informative) Derivation
44、s of Speciation Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Annex I (informative) Storage Tank Liquid Bulk, Liquid Surface, and Vapor Space Temperatures . . . . . . . . 100Annex J (informative) SI Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134FiguresC.1 Normal Boiling Point (NBP) Ve
46、rsus Molecular Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64C.2 Pure Substance Vapor Pressure at 100F Versus Molecular Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65I.1 Heat Transfer Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105I.2 Insolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106I.3 Bulk Temperature vs. Time. .
48、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119PioviiContentsPageTables1 Meteorological Data for Selected U.S. Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Typica
49、l Properties of Selected Petroleum Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Properties of Selected Petrochemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Concentrations (weight percent) of Selected Components in Selected Petroleum Liquids . . . . . . . . . . 375 Concentrations (weight percent) of Selected Components in No. 6 Fuel Oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 Concentrations of PAHs in Selected Petroleum Liquids . . . . . . . . . . .
