1、API Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 19.5(Formerly, API Publication 2514A)EI Hydrocarbon ManagementHM 65Atmospheric hydrocarbon emissions from marine vessel transfer operations1st edition, September 2009API MPMS Chapter 19.5/EI HM 65Atmospheric hydrocarbon emissions from marinevessel
2、 transfer operationsFirst EditionSeptember 2009Published jointly byAPI and ENERGY INSTITUTE LONDONThe Energy Institute is a professional membership body incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity number 1097899Special Notes and DisclaimersAPI and EI publications are recommended for general
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15、roleum Measurement andthe Energy Institute Hydrocarbon Management Committee. This standard supersedes API Publication 2514A,Second Edition, September 1981, which is withdrawn. See A.1 for more information on the previous editions of thisdocument.The American Petroleum Institute Committee on Petroleu
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21、ican Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, or the Technical Department, EnergyInstitute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1G 7AR, UK.Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also beaddressed to the Directo
22、r of Standards (API) or the Technical Department (EI). Generally, API/EI standards arereviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years maybe added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standard
23、s Department, 1220L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, or the EI Technical Department, Energy Institute, 61 New CavendishStreet, London, W1G 7AR, UK.A catalogue of API publications can be found at www.api.org/publications. A catalogue of EI publications can be found at www.energyinstpubs.org.Sug
24、gested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, USA, standardsapi.org or to the Technical Department, Energy Institute, 61 NewCavendish Street, London, W1G 7AR, UK.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Marine Vessel Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Cargo Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 Cargo Compartment Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4 Miscellaneous Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Procedures for Estimating Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 Loading Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 Ballasting Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Sample Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 Loss from Loading Gasolin
31、e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 Loss from Loading Crude Oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 Loss from
32、 Loading Ballast Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Development of the Equations for Estimating Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 General Expres
33、sion for Loading Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 Saturation Factors for Loading Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.3 Saturation F
34、actors for Loading Crude Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.4 Saturation Factors for Loading Ballast Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Annex A Historical D
35、evelopment of the Emission Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Annex B Measurement Procedures and Data Analysis Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Annex C Development of Average Emission Factors a
36、nd Confidence Intervals for Gasoline Loading . . . . . 21Annex D Development of Average Emission Factors and Correlation for Crude Oil Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Annex E Development of Average Emission Factors, Confidence Intervals, and Correlationfor Crude Oil Ballasting . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Annex F Evaporative Cargo Loss Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28FiguresB.1 Typical Loading Emission
38、s Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Tables1 Nomenclature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
39、 Loading Loss Saturation Factor KS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Ballasting Loss Saturation Factor KS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、 54 Saturation Factors for Gasoline Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 API 2524 Loss Data Compared to Predicted Loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 CONCAWE
41、Loss Data Compared to Predicted Loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Saturation Factors for Crude Oil Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Saturation Factors for Load
42、ing Ballast Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A.1 Total Emission Factors for Gasoline Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13A.2 Total Emission Factors for Crude O
43、il Loading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14A.3 Average Values of Variables for Crude Oil Loading Emission Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15A.4 Total Emission Factors for Crude Oil Ballasting . . . . . . .
44、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16vPageC.1 Average Measured Emission Factors for Gasoline Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21C.2 Calculated Estimates of Mean Total Emission Factors and Confidence Intervals f
45、or Gasoline Loading . 22D.1 Average Measured Emission Factors for Crude Oil Loading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24E.1 Average Measured Emission Factors for Crude Oil Ballasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27E.2 Calcul
46、ated Estimates of Emission Factors and Confidence Intervals for Crude Oil Ballasting . . . . . . . 27E.3 Predicted Estimates of Emission Factors for Crude Oil Ballasting and ConfidenceIntervals for Average PVAand UAValues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . 27F.1 Volumetric Evaporative Cargo Loss Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29F.2 Examples of Predicted Crude Oil Evaporative Cargo Loss Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、 29vi1Atmospheric hydrocarbon emissions from marine vessel transfer operations1Scope This standard provides methods for estimating evaporative loss from marine vessel transfer operations. Specifically,this standard addresses:1) loading stock into: a) ship or ocean barges, or b) shallow draft barges,
49、 and 2) loading ballast water into ship or ocean barges from which crude oil has been unloaded.The emission estimates are for uncontrolled loading operations and do not apply to operations using vapor balance orvapor control systems or ballasting of ships with segregated ballast tanks.This standard does not address evaporative loss for:1) very large crude carriers (VLCCs) or ultra large crude carriers (ULCCs) (unless the saturation factor KSisdetermined); 2) marine vessels employing crude oil washing (see 3.3.1); 3) marine vessel transit loss; 4) loading ballast water into marine vessels
