1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 2Tank CalibrationSection 2AMeasurement and Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks by the Manual Tank Strapping MethodFIRST EDITION, FEBRUARY 1995REAFFIRMED, FEBRUARY 2012Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 2Tank CalibrationSection 2AMeasu
2、rement and Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks by the Manual Tank Strapping MethodMeasurement CoordinationFIRST EDITION, FEBRUARY 1995REAFFIRMED, FEBRUARY 2012SPECIAL NOTES1. API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERALNATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE
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8、W., WASHINGTON, DC 20005.Copyright 1995 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDAPI publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been madeby the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability ofthe data contained in them; however,the Institute makes no representation, warrant
9、y, or guarantee in connection with this publi cation and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damageresulting from its use or for the violation ofany federal, state, or municipal regulation withwhich this publication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and
10、should be submitted to Measurement Coordination,Exploration and Production Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street,N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.iiiCONTENTSSECTION 2A-MEASUREMENT AND CALIBRATION OF UPRIGHTCYLINDRICAL TANKS BY THE MANUAL TANKSTRAPPING METHODPage2.2A.I Scope 12.2A.2 Ref
11、erenced Publications 12.2A.3 Safety. 12.2A.4 Definitions 22.2A.5 Significance 22.2A.6 Equipment. 22.2A.6.I Tapes for Height Measurement. 22.2A.6.2 Tapes for Circumference Measurement 32.2A.6.3 Accessory Equipment 32.2A.7 Calibration of Working Tape with the Master Tape 42.2A.8 General Practices 52.2
12、A.9 Tank Status Before Calibration 52.2A.IO Descriptive Data. 52.2A.II Tolerances. 52.2A.I2 Shell Plate Thicknesses 52.2A.I3 Vertical Tank Measurements 102.2A.I4 Circumferential Measurements 122.2A.14.I Preparation 122.2A.14.2 Physical Measurements 132.2A.I5 Deadwood Measurement 152.2A.I6 Tank Botto
13、ms 182.2A.17 Floating Roofs 182.2A.I7.1 General 182.2A.17.2 Floating Roof Weight 182.2A.I7.3 Deadwood Determination 182.2A.17,4 Deducting Floating Roof Displacement 182.2A.18 Insulated Tanks 182.2A.19 Tank Capacity Table Development: Calculation Procedures 212.2A.19.1 Capacity Table Requirements 222
14、.2A.19.2 Calibration of the Master Tape to 60F 222.2A.19.3 Conversion of Outside to Inside Circumferences 222.2A.19,4 Deductions for Circumference Tape Rises 222.2A.19.5 Expansion and Contraction of Steel Tank Shells Due to Liquid Head 252.2A.19.6 Expansion and Contraction of Steel Tank Shells Due t
15、o Temperature 272.2A.19.7 Effect of Tilt on Cylindrical Portion of Tank. 272.2A.19.8 Floating Roofs 282.2A.19.8.1 Liquid Calibration for Floating Roof Displacement 282.2A.19.8.2 Measurement Procedure for Floating Roof Displacement 282.2A.19.8.3 Liquid Level Above Position B 282.2A.l9.8,4 Capacity Ta
16、ble With Floating Roof Treated as Deadwood 292.2A.19.8.5 Capacity Table of Gross or Open-Tank Capacity. 292.2A.19.9 Summary Data on the Capacity Table 302.2A.19.10 Recalibration Requirements302.2A.19.11 Certification of Capacity Tables 30APPENDIX A-GUIDELINES FOR RECALIBRATION OFSTORAGE TANKS. 31vPa
17、geAPPENDIX B- EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS FOR UPRIGHTCYLINDRICAL STEEL TANK-ABOVEGROUND 35APPENDIX C- GUIDELINES FOR COMPUTER INPUT 47APPENDIX D- SHELL TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS 49APPENDIX E- UNDERGROUND TANKS 53APPENDIX F- TANK CALIBRATION METHOD SELECTION 57FiguresI-Height Measuring Tape and Bob 22-
18、Strapping Tapes for Circumference Measurements 33-Jointed Type Tape Guides 44-Record Form for Deadwood 65-Measurement Locations for Welded Upright Tanks 96-Measurement Locations for Riveted Shingled Arrangement 107-Measurement Locations for Bolted Tanks 118-Vertical Tank Measurements-Welded 129-Vert
19、ical Tank Measurements-Bolted 1410-Vertical Tank Measurements-Riveted 15II-Effective Inside Tank Height-Cone Roof 16I2-Effective Inside Tank Height-Floating Roof 1713-Spherical Segment (Dished), Hemispherical and Semi-EllipsoidalBottoms, Convex and Accessible Measurements of Upright Tanks. 1914-Cone
20、d Downward Bottom and Accessible Measurements of Upright Tanks 20I5-Diagram of Floating Roof at Rest (A) and Floating (B) 21I6-Typical Steel Pontoon Floating Roof With Single Center Deck 2517-True Circumference Versus Tape Path at Axial Lap Joint AwayFrom Circumferential Joint 26B-I-Upright Cylindri
21、cal Tanks Composite Construction 35B-2-Typical NIST Report of Calibration 36E-I-Locations ofMeasurements on Upright Cylindrical ConcreteUnderground Tanks 54E-2-Locations of Measurements on Rectangular Steel or ConcreteUnderground Tanks 55F-I-External Floating-Roof Tank Decision Chart 58F-2-Fixed-Roo
22、fTank Decision Chart 58F-3-Chart for Internal Floating-Roof Tanks 58TablesI-Suggested Record Form “A“ for Measurements of UprightCylindrical Tanks 72-Suggested Record Form “B“ for Measurements of UprightCylindrical Tanks 83-Elevations for Circumference Measurements on Various Types ofUpright Cylindr
23、ical Tanks 134-Circumferential Tolerances 135-Customary Version Capacity Table 236-SI Version Capacity Table 24A-I-Tank Bottom Course Inside Diameter Variations 31A-2-Tank Bottom Course Plate Thickness 31A-3-Volume Correction for Table Tilt 31A-4-Tank Shell Temperature Variations 31A-5-Product Speci
24、fic Gravity Variations 32viPageB-I-Typical Measurement Record of an Upright Cylindrical SteelTank for Example Calculations 37B-2-Typical NIST Report of Calibration 38B-3A-Tank Table Run Sheet :; 44B-3B-Run Sheet for Soft Conversion to Metric 45vii11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
25、11111111111111111IChapter 2-Tank CalibrationSECTION 2A-MEASUREMENT AND CALIBRATION OFUPRIGHT CYLINDRICAL TANKS BY THE MANUAL TANK STRAPPING METHOD2.2A.1 Scope2.2A.1.1 This standard describes the procedures for cali brating upright cylindrical tanks used primarily for thestorage of petroleum liquids.
26、 Section 2A first addressesprocedures for making necessary measurements to determinetotal and incremental tank volumes and then presents therecommended procedures for computing volumes.2.2A.1.2 Both SI (metric) and customary units arepresented where appropriate in the chapter. SI and customaryconver
27、sions may not necessarily be exact. The SI units oftenreflect what is available in commercial equipment.2.2A.1.3 The standard also provides guidelines for recal ibration and for computerization of capacity tables.2.2A.2.2 INFORMATIVE PUBLICATIONSThe following publications are listed for information
28、only:APIStd 2551 Measurement and Calibration ofHorizontalTanksStd 2552 Measurement and Calibration ofSpheres andSpheroidsStd 2554 Measurement and Calibration ofTank CarsManual ofPetroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 2, “Tank Calibration,“ Section 7,“Calibration of Barge Tanks;“ Section 8A,“Calibrat
29、ion of Tanks on Ships and Ocean going Barges“NFPA6306 Control ofGas Hazards on VesselsIp5Petroleum Measurement ManualPart 2, “Tank Calibration,“ Section 1, “VerticalCylindrical Tanks, Measurement Methods“I International Chamber of Shipping, 30/32 Mary Axe Street, London EC3A8ET, England.20il Compani
30、es International Marine Forum, Portland House, 6th Floor,Stag Place, London SWIE 5BH, England.3Intemational Association of Ports and Harbors, Kotohira-Kaikan Building,2-8, Toranomon l-Chome Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105, Japan.4/SGOIT is available from Witherby also any permanent appurtenanceson the outside
31、of the tank, such as cleanout boxes ormanholes, which increase the capacity of the tank.2.2A.4.3 False Bottom is commonly referring to a newbottom installed on top of the previous tank bottom, whichwill reduce the bottom ring height and the effective insidetank height.2.2A.4.4 Master Tape is a tape
32、that is used for calibratingworking tapes for tank measurement and is identified with aReport of Calibration at 68 degrees Fahrenheit (68F) 20degrees Celsius (20C) and at a specific tension designatedby the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) or an equivalent international standard
33、organization.2.2A.4.5 Tank Strapping is the term commonly applied tothe procedure for measuring tanks to provide the dimensionsnecessary for computing capacity tables that will reflect thequantity of product in a tank at any given depth/level.2.2A.4.6 Reference Gauge Height is the vertical distanceb
34、etween the reference point on the gauge hatch and thestriking point on the tank floor or on the gauge datum plate.2.2A.4.7 Successive Tangent Method is the measurementof a circumference on a tank when the tape is not longenough to span the entire circumference of a tank.2.2A.4.8 Continuous Wraparoun
35、d Procedure is themeasurement ofa tank circumference with a tape that is longenough to span the entire circumference of a tank.2.2A.5 Significance2.2A.5.1 Accurate tank circumference measurements arecritical in determinations of liquid volume and the develop ment ofcapacity table for Custody Transfe
36、r transactions andinventory control. This standard provides measurement andcomputational procedures for the development of such acapacity table.2.2A.5.2 All such measurements should be witnessed byall parties involved to ensure compliance with the procedureoutlined in the standard and overall measur
37、ement integrity.2.2A.6 EquipmentThe equipment used in dimensional Tank Calibration isdescribed in 2.2A.6.1 through 2.2A.6.3. All equipment shallbe in good working condition. All tapes shall be in one pieceand free of kinks.2.2A.6.1 TAPES FOR HEIGHT MEASUREMENTFor height measurements, a steel tape (s
38、ee Figure 1), ofconvenient length, Ys or Y2 inches wide and 0.008 to 0.012inches thick, graduated in feet and inches to eights of aninch, or in feet, tenths, and hundredths of a foot is recom mended. (For metric tapes, refer to IP Petroleum Measure ment Manual, Part 2, Section 1) Graduations shall b
39、eFigure 1-Height Measuring Tape and BobMEASUREMENT AND CALIBRATION OF UPRIGHT CYLINDRICAL TANKS 3accurate within 1i6 inch or 0.005 foot (or to nearestmillimeter) throughout that portion of the tape to be used.2.2A.6.2 TAPES FOR CIRCUMFERENCEMEASUREMENTFor circumference measurements, a mild steel tap
40、e, (seeFigure 2) ofconvenient length relative to the tank circumfer ence is recommended. The working tape is usually 100,200,300, or 500 feet long and should not be more than X inchwide, and approximately 0.01 inch thick. The tape may begraduated in feet, with an extra 1 foot length at the zero endo
41、fthe tape and graduated in tenths and hundredths of a foot,or it may be graduated in feet, tenths and hundredths of afoot throughout its length (for metric tapes, refer to IPPetroleum Measurement Manual, Part 2, Section 1). Allworking tapes should be calibrated with a Master tape (referto 2.2A.7).2.
42、2A.6.3 ACCESSORY EQUIPMENTAdditional measuring equipment recommended is listedbelow. Other similar equipment may be used, provided itwill give the same results.a. Reels and tapes shall be equipped with appropriate reelsand handles.b. Tape clamps: for assurance of positive grip on tape,clamps shall b
43、e used.c. A spring tension scale is needed.d. Rope and ring: two lengths of rope line fitted with snapand ring are to be used in raising and lowering circumferencemeasurement tape. Alternatively, jointed-type pole guidesmay be used (see Figure 3).e. Transit or level or both are used when required.f.
44、 Ladders to facilitate handling oftapes and removal ofscale,rust, dirt, etc. from the path of measurement are needed.g. An ultrasonic thickness measurement device is used.h. A plumb line is needed.i. Depth Gauge: a depth gage of case-hardened steel, 6inches in length, graduated to Y64 inch (1 millim
45、eter resolu tion and read to nearest 0.5 millimeter) is for determinationof thickness of steel plates is needed.j. Straightedge: a straightedge of appropriate length and aprofile board for measuring knuckles are used.k. Calipers and special clamps for spanning obstructions inmaking circumference mea
46、surements, the following arerecommended:-Figure 2-Strapping Tapes for Circumference Measurements4 CHAPTER 2, SECTION 2AMaster tape at 10 pounds tension per100 feet or part thereof.Working tape at 20 pounds tension.Correction for working tape to besubtracted from each circumferencemeasured.Master tap
47、e at 10 pounds tension per100 feet or part thereof.Working tape at 20 pounds tension.Correction for working tape to be addedto each circumference measured.314.590 feet0.075 feetExample 2:314.515 feet314.475 feet0.040 feetwritten on the tank shell and recorded. This procedure isrepeated until the ent
48、ire circumference is measured.c. Total the measurements obtained.d. Place the working tape around the tank, using the sametape path, by the continuous “wraparound“ procedure.e. Slide the working tape to break frictional resistance, andapply tension sufficient to equal the measurement obtainedwith th
49、e master tape.f. The amount oftension, in pounds, required to be pulled onthe working tape to obtain the same measurement as thatrecorded with the master tape shall be applied to the workingtape when taking circumferential measurements. Ifthe tensiondetermined to be proper for the working tape is insufficient tohold the tape in the proper position, additional tension shouldbe applied and a correction made to bring the reading intoagreement with that obtained with the master tape.2.2A.7.2 The preceding procedure shall be carried outwhen calibrating other tanks whose circum
