1、 Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 2Tank CalibrationSection 2CCalibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Optical-triangulation MethodANSI/API MPMS 2.2CFIRST EDITION, JANUARY 2002REAFFIRMED: MAY 2008ISO 7507-3:2007 (Modified), Petroleum and liquidpetroleum productsCalibration of
2、 vertical cylindricaltanksPart 3: Optical-triangulation methodManual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 2Tank CalibrationSection 2CCalibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Optical-triangulation MethodMeasurement CoordinationANSI/API MPMS 2.2CFIRST EDITION, JANUARY 2002REAFFIRMED: MAY
3、 2008ISO 7507-3:2007 (Modified), Petroleum and liquid petroleumproductsCalibration of vertical cylindrical tanksPart 3:Optical-triangulation methodSPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws
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14、, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2002 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDChapter 2.2C of the Manual of Petroleum Measurement
15、 Standards should be used in con-junction with API Standard, Chapter 2.2A, the Manual Strapping Method.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute make
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17、evisions are invited and should be submitted to the general manager of theUpstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.20005.iiiCONTENTSPage1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . 12 NORMATIVE REFERENCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1 Equipment for Measurement of Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . 15.2 Stadia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3 Equipment for Bottom Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 EQUIPMENT SET-UP AND PROCEDURE . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 Preparation of Tank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.2 Theodolite Set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
22、.3 Stadia Set-up and Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 MEASUREMENT OF DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO THEODOLITE STATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 PROCEDURE FOR INTERNAL OPTICAL TAN
23、K WALL MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 PROCEDURES FOR EXTERNAL MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.2 Reference Circumference Measured by Strapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 Reference Distances Measured between Pairs of Theodolite Stations . . . . . . . . . 510 TOLERANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610.1 Distance Between Theodolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610.2 Horizontal Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610.3 Refe
26、rence Circumferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 OTHER MEASUREMENTS FOR TANK CALIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611.1 Tank Bottom Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . 611.2 Reference Height Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611.3 Other Measurements and Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612 CALCULATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF TANK CAPACITY TABLES. . . . . 712.1
28、From Internal Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712.2 From Reference Circumference Procedure (Clause 9.2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712.3 From Reference Distances between Pairs of Theodolites (Clause 9.3). . . . . . . . 712.4
29、Development of Tank Capacity Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7vPageAPPENDIX A COMPUTATION OF INTERNAL RADII FROM INTERNALMEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9APPENDIX B DETERMINATION OF THE RADIUS OF
30、 THE CIRCLE BY THE LEAST-SQUARES METHOD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11APPENDIX C COMPUTATION OF INTERNAL RADII FROM REFERENCECIRCUMFERENCE AND EXTERNAL MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . 13APPENDIX D COMPUTATION OF INTERNAL RADII FROM REFERENCEDISTANCES BETWEEN PAIRS OF THEODOLITE
31、 STATIONS . . . 15APPENDIX E METHOD FOR CALIBRATING BOTTOMS OF TANKS . . . . . . . . . 17APPENDIX F SPECIFICATION FOR DIP-TAPE AND DIP WEIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . 19Figures1 Measurement of Distance between Two Theodolites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Example of Locations of The
32、odolite Stations and Wall Points for Internal Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Location of Horizontal Sets of Points on Tank Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Horizontal Angles between Sightings on Points on Tank Wall and
33、the Reference Axis TL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Example of Theodolite Station Locations for External ProcedureBased on a Reference Circumference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Example of Theodolite Station Loc
34、ations for External ProcedureBased on Reference Distances between Pairs of Tehodolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Circle and Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Radii from Reference Circumference. . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 External Radii from Reference Distances between Pairs of Theodolite Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Tables1 Minimum Number of Points Per Circumference for Internal Procedure. . . . . . .
36、 . . 32 Minimum Number of Theodolite Stations for External Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Tolerance on Distance Between Theodolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Tolerance on Reference Circumference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . 65 Data for Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Calculated Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Solution by Iteration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12vi1Chapter 2Tank CalibrationSECTION 2CCALIBRATION OF UPRIGHT CYLINDRICAL TANKS USING THE OPTICAL-TRIANGULATION METHOD0 IntroductionThis method describes the calibration of vertical cylindricaltanks by means of optical triangulation
39、 using theodolites. Thecircumference of the tank is determined at different levels byreference to a base line, which may be either a reference cir-cumference measured by strapping or a base line between twostations of a theodolite measured by means of a tape or by anoptical method. External circumfe
40、rences are corrected to givetrue internal circumferences. The method is an alternative toother methods such as strapping (Chapter 2, Section 2A) andthe optical-reference-line method (Chapter 2, Section 2B).1 Scope1.1This part species a calibration procedure for applica-tion to tanks above 26 ft in d
41、iameter with cylindrical coursesthat are substantially vertical. It provides a method for deter-mining the volumetric quantity contained within a tank atgauged liquid levels. The measurement required to determinethe radius may be made internally (Clause 8) or externally(Clause 9). The external metho
42、d is applicable only to tanksthat are free of insulation. 1.2Abnormally deformed tanks; e.g., dented or non-circulartanks are excluded from this section, API MPMSChapter 2.1.3This method is suitable for tilted tanks up to 3% devia-tion from the vertical, provided that a correction is applied forthe
43、measured tilt as described in API MPMSChapter 2.2A. 2 Normative ReferenceThe following standard contains provisions which throughreference in this text, constitutes provisions of this part ofChapter 2. At the time of publication, the edition indicatedwas valid. All standards are subject to revision
44、and parties toagreements based on this section of Chapter 2 are encouragedto investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edi-tion of the standard indicated below. Members of API main-tain registers of currently valid API Standards.3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this part of Chapter 2,
45、the denitionsgiven in Chapter 2.2A apply.4 PrecautionsThe general precautions and safety precautions specied inChapter 2.2A shall apply to this section of Chapter 2. 5 Equipment5.1 EQUIPMENT FOR MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES Equipment for measurement of angles as listed in 5.1.1 to5.1.4 below.5.1.1Theodolit
46、es, with angular graduations and a resolu-tion equal to or better than 5 seconds. Each theodolite shallbe mounted on a tripod which is rm and stable. The legs ofthe tripod shall be steadied by means of magnetic bearerswhen being used for the internal method. Repeat readingsshall agree to within 5 se
47、conds.5.1.2Low-power laser-beam emitter, equipped with adevice such as a ber-optic light-transfer system and a the-odolite-telescope eye-piece connection, by which the laserbeam can be transmitted through a theodolite. The laserbeam shall be coincident with the optical axis of the tele-scope.5.1.3He
48、avy weights, to set around the theodolite stationsto prevent movement of the tank bottom plate.5.1.4Lighting, for use inside the tank to allow measure-ments to be read accurately.5.2 STADIA5.2.1Stadia, 2 m long, such that the graduated length,between two marks, remains constant to within + 0.02 mm,
49、atthe temperature at which it is used. Note: Conversion to USC units is not recommended for use of thestadia.5.3 EQUIPMENT FOR BOTTOM CALIBRATIONEither:a. A liquid method, equipment as specied in Appendix E, orb. For a survey method, a theodolite, a dumpy level, a sur-veyors level or water-lled tubes.2CHAPTER2TANKCALIBRATION6 Equipment Set-up and Procedure6.1 PREPARATION OF TANKFill the tank to its normal working capacity at least onceand allow it to stand for a minimum of 24 hours prior to cali-bration. If the tank is calibrated with liquid in it, record the depth,
