1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 2Tank CalibrationSection 2DCalibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Internal Electro-optical Distance-ranging MethodANSI/API MPMS 2.2DFIRST EDITION, AUGUST 2003REAFFIRMED, MARCH 2014ISO 7507-4:1995 (Identical), Petroleum and liquid petroleum
2、 productsCalibration of vertical cylindrical tanksPart 4: Internal electro-optical distance-ranging methodManual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 2Tank CalibrationSection 2DCalibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Internal Electro-optical Distance-ranging MethodMeasurement Coordin
3、ationANSI/API MPMS 2.2DFIRST EDITION, AUGUST 2003REAFFIRMED, MARCH 2014ISO 7507-4:1995 (Identical), Petroleum and liquid petroleum productsCalibration of vertical cylindrical tanksPart 4: Internal electro-optical distance-ranging methodSPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a
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15、 Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDChapter 2.2D of the Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) should beused in conjunction with API Standard, Chapter 2.2A, the Manual Strapping Method.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure th
16、e accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any feder
17、al, state, or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the standardization manager,American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.iiiCONTENTSPage1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 NORMATIVE REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . 14 PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 Electro-optical dista
20、nce-ranging instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 EODR INSTRUMENT SETUP WITHIN THE TANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 Instrument Setup
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 Preliminary Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 SELECTION OF TARGET POINTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 TOLERANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.1 Reference Target Point: Distance
23、 Verication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.2 Reference Target Point: Horizontal and Vertical Angle Verication . . . . . . . . . . 311 OTHER MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 CALCULATION AND DEVELOPME
24、NT OF CAPACITY TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . 5APPENDIX A FIELD EQUIPMENT VERIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7APPENDIX B CALCULATION OF INTERNAL RADII FROM MEASURED PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9APPENDIX C BIBLIOGRAPHY . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Figures1 Illustration of Target Positioning on Tank Shell Wall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Illustration of Calibration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . 4 A-1 Illustration of the Distance Measurement Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Tables1 Minimum Number of Target Points Per Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3v1Manual of Petroleum Measurements StandardsChapter 2Tank CalibrationSecti
27、on 2DCalibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Internal Electro-optical Distance Ranging Method0 IntroductionThe method described in this part of API MPMSChapter 2is an alternative to other tank calibration methods such as thestrapping method (API MPMSChapter 2, Section 2A), theoptical-refe
28、rence-line method (API MPMSChapter 2, Sec-tion 2B) and the optical-triangulation method (API MPMSChapter 2.2C).The parts of Chapter 2 form part of a series on tank calibra-tion which also includes: Standard 2551, Measurement andCalibration of Horizontal Tanks;Standard 2552, Measure-ment and Calibrat
29、ion of Spheres and Spheroids;Standard2554, Measurement and Calibration of Tank Cars; Standard2555, Liquid Calibration of Tanks;Recommended Practice2556, Correcting Gauge Tables for Incrustation; MPMSChapter 7,Calibration of Barge Tanks; MPMSChapter 2.8A,Calibration of Tanks on Ships and Oceangoing B
30、arges;MPMSChapter 2.8B, Establishment of the Location of theReference Gauge Point and the Gauge Height of Tanks onMarine Tank Vessels.1 Scope1.1This part species a method for the calibration ofupright cylindrical tanks having diameters greater than 5 mby means of internal measurements using an elect
31、ro-opticaldistance-ranging instrument, and for the subsequent compila-tion of tank capacity tables. This method is known as theinternal electro-optical distance-ranging (EODR) method.1.2This part of Chapter 2 is not applicable to the calibra-tion of abnormally deformed (e.g. dented) tanks or of nonc
32、ir-cular tanks.1.3This part of Chapter 2 is applicable to tanks tilted by or = 3 % from the vertical, provided a correction is appliedfor the measured tilt as described in Chapter 2.2A.1.4This part of Chapter 2 is applicable to tanks with cone-up or cone-down bottoms, as well as to tanks with at bot
33、-toms.2 Normative ReferencesThe following standards contain provisions which, throughreference in this text, constitute provisions of this part ofChapter 2. At the time of publication, the editions indicatedwere valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties toagreements based on this par
34、t of Chapter 2 are encouraged toinvestigate the possibility of applying the most recent editionsof the standards indicated below. Members of API maintainregisters of currently valid API Standards.APIManual of PetroleumMeasurement Standards(MPMS)Chapter 2.2A Measurement and Calibration of UprightCyli
35、ndrical Tanks by the Manual StrappingMethodChapter 2.2B Calibration of Upright Cylindrical TanksUsing the Optical Reference Line MethodChapter 2.2C Calibration of Upright Cylindrical TanksUsing the Optical Triangulation MethodIEC1825-1:1993Safety of laser productsPart 1: Equip-ment Classification, R
36、equirements andUsers Guide3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this part of Chapter 2 the denitionsgiven in API MPMSChapter 2.2A and the following deni-tions apply.3.1 reference target point:Fixed point clearly markedon the inside surface of the tank shell wall.3.2 slope distance:Distance measured from
37、the electro-optical distance-ranging instrument to a target point on anygiven course of the tank shell wall.3.3 target point:One of a series of points on the insidesurface of the tank shell wall to which slope distance, verticaland horizontal angles are measured by use of the electro-opti-cal rangin
38、g instrument.4 PrecautionsThe general and safety precautions contained in APIMPMSChapter 2.2A shall apply to this standard.In addition, the laser beam emitted by the distance-rangingunit shall conform to IEC 825 for a class 1 laser. 1International Electrochemical Commission, 3 Rue de Varemb,P.O. Box
39、 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland.2CHAPTER2TANKCALIBRATION5 Equipment5.1 ELECTRO-OPTICAL DISTANCE-RANGING INSTRUMENT5.1.1The angular measuring part of the instrument shallhave an angular graduation and resolution equal to or betterthan 0.0002 gon*, a repeatability equal to or better than 0.0005 g
40、on, and an uncertainty equal to or better than 0.001 gon.2.5.1.2The distance-measuring part of the instrument, usedfor direct determination of the distances, shall have a gradua-tion and resolution equal to or better than 1 mm, a repeat-ability equal to or better than 2 mm, and an uncertaintyequal t
41、o or better than 2 mm.5.2 INSTRUMENT MOUNTINGconsisting of a tripodwhich is rm and stable. The legs of the tripod shall be heldrm, and steadied by suitable devices such as magnetic bearers.5.3 LASER BEAM EMITTERhaving a low-power laserbeam complying with IEC 825, which is either an integralpart of t
42、he EODR instrument or a separate device. If the laserbeam emitter is a separate device, it may be tted with a beroptic light transmitter system and a theodolite telescope eye-piece connection, by which the laser beam may be transmit-ted through a theodolite, or such that it may be tted to atheodolit
43、e with its axis parallel to the axis of the theodolite.The laser beam may be coincident with the optical axis of thetelescopeNote 1: The laser beam emitter is used to position target points onthe tank shell.5.4 STADIAa rigid bar, usually 2 m long, such that thegraduated length between the two stadia
44、 marks remains con-stant to within 0.02 mm.5.5 EQUIPMENT FOR BOTTOM CALIBRATION(see 11.1)5.6 AUXILIARY EQUIPMENTincluding:a. heavy weights to be set around the instrument to steadythe unit;b. lighting within the tank, if required.6 General Considerations6.1The EODR instrument shall be maintained so
45、that thevalues of its measurement uncertainty do not exceed the val-ues given in this part of Chapter 2.6.2Tanks shall only be calibrated after they have beenlled at least once with a liquid of density equal to or greaterthan that of the liquid which they will hold when in use.Note 2: The hydrostati
46、c test applied to new tanks will satisfy thisrequirement in most cases.6.3Calibration shall be carried out without interruption.6.4The EODR instrument shall be veried prior to calibration.The accuracy of the distance-measuring unit as well as theangular measuring unit shall be veried using the proce
47、duresrecommended by the manufacturer.The appropriate procedures given in Appendix A shall beused for the verication of equipment in the eld.6.5The tank shall be free from vibration and airborne dustparticles.Note 3: The oor of the tanks should be as free as possible fromdebris, dust and loose scale.
48、6.6Lighting, when required, shall be placed within thetank so as not to interfere with the operation of the EODRinstrument.7 EODR Instrument Setup Within the Tank7.1 INSTRUMENT SETUP7.1.1The instrument shall be set up with care, according tothe procedure and instructions given by the manufacturers.7
49、.1.2The instrument shall be set up so as to be stable.If necessary, the tank bottom in the vicinity of the instru-ment shall be made rm and steady by placing heavy weightsin the area. The legs of the tripod on which the instrument is mountedshall be steadied by use of suitable devices, such as magneticbearers, to prevent slippage on the tank bottom.7.1.3The instrument shall be located at, or near, the centerof the tank.Note 4: This will ensure that the measured slope distances, at anyone horizontal level, do not vary signicantly and mi
