API MPMS 2.2G-2014 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 2.2G Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Total Station Reference Line Method (FIRST EDITION) .pdf

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1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 2.2GCalibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Total Station Reference Line MethodFIRST EDITION, JULY 2014Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and

2、 federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained her

3、ein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon pri

4、vately owned rights.Users of this standard should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Eve

5、ry effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage res

6、ulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for

7、 applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the m

8、arking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduc

9、ed, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2014 Americ

10、an Petroleum InstituteForewordChapter 2.2G of the Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards should be used in conjunction with API MPMSChapter 2.2A, Measurement and Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks by the Manual Tank Strapping Method. Unitsof measure in this publication are in International

11、System (SI) and U.S. customary (USC) units consistent with NorthAmerican industry practices.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not r

12、equired in orderto conform to the specification.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the pub

13、lication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning

14、theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission

15、 to reproduce or translate all or any partof the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status

16、of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API,

17、 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Application of the Total Stat

19、ion Reference Line Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Electro-optical Device General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Electro-optical Device Calibration and Recalib

20、ration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Electro-optical Device Field Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 Field Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 Verification Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 Acceptability Cr

22、iteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Electro-optical Device Field Setup Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 Gen

23、eral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 Horizontal and Vertical Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 Horizontal Station Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 Instrument Setup for Vertical Stations at Horizontal Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 Electro-optical Device Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.1 Master Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 Master Working Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 Working Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.4 Reference Circumference. . . . . . .

28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.5 Distance and Angular Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910 Computation of Course Diam

29、eters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911 Development of the Capacity Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Tables1 Number of Horizon

30、tal Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Reference Circumference Tolerances (Soft Conversions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Figures1 TSRLM Device Verifi

31、cation at Site: Stadia Horizontal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 TSRLM Device Verification at Site: Stadia Vertical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Distance and Vertical Angle . . . .

32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Setting Location of Vertical Station Tangential Traverse Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14vIntroductionThe Total Station Reference Line Met

33、hod (TSRLM) is an alternative to the Manual Tank Strapping Method (MTSM) fordetermining tank diameter. The primary difference between TSRLM and MTSM is the procedure for determining tankdiameter at shell courses other than the bottom course. TSRLM requires measuring a reference circumference on theb

34、ottom course by manual strapping with a tape that is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) or other national metrology institute. The other required special measurements, procedures, methods, andanalytical tools for the development of a tank capacity table are identic

35、al to those stated in API MPMS Chapter 2.2A.In addition, TSRLM requires the measurement of deviations in tank diameter at other predetermined horizontal andvertical stations by using a total station electro-optical device. This method eliminates the use of a magnetic trolley that is required in the

36、external Optical Reference Line Method(ORLM, reference API MPMS Chapter 2.2B) for the calibration of upright cylindrical tanks; thus, it provides significantsafety enhancements by being able to do all the offset measurement work from ground level. vii1 Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using

37、the Total Station Reference Line Method 1 Scope This standard describes measurement and calculation procedures for determining the diameters of upright cylindrical tanks by taking vertical offset measurements externally using Electro-optical Distance Ranging (EODR) equipment rather than conventional

38、 ORLM plummet/trolley equipment. This standard is an alternate standard to API MPMS Ch. 2.2B. This standard is used in conjunction with API MPMS Ch. 2.2A. Calibration of insulated tanks is covered by API MPMS Ch. 2.2D. Abnormally deformed tanks that are dented or have other visible signs of damage a

39、re not covered by this standard. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) ap

40、plies. API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 2.2A, Measurement and Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks by the Manual Tank Strapping Method 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. Terms of more general use may

41、be found in the API MPMS Chapter 1 Online Terms and Definitions Database. 3.1 horizontal station Preestablished location in the horizontal plane at ground level along the tank circumference. 3.2 slope distance Distance measured from an EODR instrument to a vertical station on the tank. 3.3 vertical

42、station Preestablished location in the vertical plane along the tank shell, corresponding to a given horizontal station. 4 Application of the Total Station Reference Line Method This method is for the external calibration of upright cylindrical tanks. For tanks that are insulated, the insulation sha

43、ll be removed for application of this method, or the calibration may be undertaken internally per API MPMS Ch. 2.2D. 5 Electro-optical Device General Requirements The total station instrument should preferably have a locking device, the objective being to keep the horizontal angle constant while ver

44、tical station measurements are taken at any given horizontal station. The electro-optical device shall be capable of reading distances to within 2 mm and angles to within 5 sec or better. For the proper operation of the electro-optical device being used, follow manufacturers instructions. 2 API MPMS

45、 CHAPTER 2.2G 6 Electro-optical Device Calibration and Recalibration The electro-optical device shall carry a certificate of calibration that is traceable to the national reference standard. The factory calibration is acceptable provided that it carries traceability. The calibration certificate shal

46、l be renewed at a set frequency depending on the usage of the device that should be established based on the observed drift from base calibration. In any case the recalibration shall be undertaken at least once every 12 months. The certificate should carry residual uncertainty associated with distan

47、ce and the angle (vertical and horizontal) as well as the drift in these parameters prior to calibration. 7 Electro-optical Device Field Verification 7.1 Field Verification The term verification involves checking that the angle and the distance the device measures are within acceptable limits. Such

48、verification should be carried out using a stadia at each site at least once prior to the start of the actual tank calibration. See Figure 1 and Figure 2. A stadia is a graduated rod, 2 m in length between two marks. It may be made of a nickel ferrous alloy (NiFe), or other suitable material, with a

49、 thermal linear coefficient of 0.0000008 in./in. F. Alternately, a steel rod of equivalent length, measured with a master tape at the prescribed tension, and compensated for ambient temperature, may be used. 7.2 Verification Procedure The verification procedure is as follows. 1) Position the stadia at Location 1, approximately 10 ft away from the electro-optical device. 2) Put the stadia in an approximately horizontal orientation as in Figure 1. 3) Measure slope distance from the electro-optical device to stadia Target Point 1 (TP 1). 4) Measure slope distance from the electro-optical d

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