1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 8.5Standard Practice for Manual Piston Cylinder Sampling for Volatile Crude Oils, Condensates, and Liquid Petroleum ProductsFIRST EDITION, DECEMBER 2015Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to part
2、icular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usef
3、ulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this p
4、ublication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee i
5、n connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availa
6、bility of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to
7、inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Users of this Standard should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.API is not undertaking to meet the
8、duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equiptheir employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obliga-tions to comply with authorities having jurisdiction.Work sites and equipment operations may diff
9、er. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipment andpremises in determining the appropriateness of applying the Standard. At all times users should employ sound business,scientific, engineering, and judgment safety when using this Standard.The examples in this document are mer
10、ely examples for illustration purposes only. Each company should develop itsown approach. They are not to be considered exclusive or exhaustive in nature. API makes no warranties, express orimplied for reliance on or any omissions from the information contained in this document.Users of the instruct
11、ions in this document should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document.Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information containedherein.Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted.Work sites an
12、d equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipment andpremises in determining the appropriateness of applying the instructions. At all times users should employ sound busi-ness, scientific, engineering, and judgment safety when using this Standard.
13、All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220
14、 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2015 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neit
15、her should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommen
16、dation or that which is advised but not required in orderto conform to the specification.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning thein
17、terpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to r
18、eproduce or translate all or any partof the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of th
19、e publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220
20、 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Referenced Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Summary of Practice. . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Interf
23、erences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Apparatus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Reagents and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 Sample Handling for Analysis Using a Manual Piston Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Appendixes (Nonmandatory Information)X1 Additional Sample Transfer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Figures1 Manual Piston Cylinder Schematic (Example). .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Volumetric Fill Guide (Example) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Sampling Procedure A Images . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Sampling Procedure B Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Linefill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8X1.1 Transfer from MPC to FPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11X1.2 CVC Preparation .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12X1.3 Transfer from MPC to CVC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
31、X1.4 Separation Cylinder Configuration for CVC Displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13vDesignation: D8009 15Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.5Standard Practice forManual Piston Cylinder Sampling for Volatile Crude Oils,Conden
32、sates, and Liquid Petroleum Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapprova
33、l. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice includes the equipment and procedures forobtaining a representative sample of “live” or high vaporpressure crude oils, condensates, and/or liquid petroleumproducts from low pressu
34、re sample points, where there isinsufficient sample point pressure to use a Floating PistonCylinder (FPC) as described in Practice D3700.1.2 This practice is intended for use with sample types, suchas UN Class 3 Flammable Liquids, that might have beencollected and transported using open containers.
35、The use of amanual piston cylinder in place of open containers is intendedto prevent the loss of volatile (light end) components, whichcan impact subsequent test results.1.3 This practice is suitable for sampling crude oils,condensates, and/or liquid petroleum products having truevapor pressures les
36、s than 300 kPa (43 psia nominal) at 50 C.This practice applies to samples that will typically fall betweenPractices D4057 (API MPMS Chapter 8.1) and D3700. Thispractice shall not be used for materials classified as UN Class2 Gases2(“having a vapor pressure greater than 300 kPa at50 C or is completel
37、y gaseous at 20 C at 101.3 kPa.”).1.4 This practice allows for sampling of crude oils that flowfreely at the conditions of sampling.1.5 It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that thesampling point is located so as to obtain a representativesample.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be
38、regarded asstandard.1.6.1 ExceptionThe values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practi
39、ces and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Float-ing Piston CylinderD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling
40、of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD6377 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure ofCrude Oil: VPCRx(Expansion Method)D6378 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure(VPX) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, andHydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple ExpansionMethod)D7975 Test Method for
41、Determination of Vapor Pressure ofCrude Oil: VPCRx-F(TmC) (Manual Expansion FieldMethod)2.2 API Standards:4MPMS Chapter 8.1 Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsMPMS Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This practice is under th
42、e jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on PetroleumMeasurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ thejoint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer(Joint ASTM-API). This pract
43、ice has been approved by the sponsoring committeesand accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established proce-dures. This practice was issued as a joint ASTM-API standard in 2015.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. DOI:10.1520/D8009-15.2UN Recommendatio
44、ns of the Transportation of Dangerous Goods, Chapter2.2.1.1.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4
45、Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1.1 DiscussionThese crudes will have vapor pressuresbelow atmospheric
46、pressure at room temperature.3.1.1.2 DiscussionA crude oil is normally considered“live” until the vapor pressure can be established using TestMethods D6377, D6378,orD7975. Sampling and handling ofdead crude oils can usually be performed without concern inopen, non-pressurized sample containers, such
47、 as cans, bottles,and other atmospheric containers as described in PracticeD4057 (API MPMS Chapter 8.1).3.1.2 live crude oil, ncrude oil with sufficiently high vaporpressure that it would boil if exposed to normal atmosphericpressure at room temperature.3.1.2.1 DiscussionSampling and handling of sam
48、ples oflive crude oils will necessitate the use of the closed samplecontainer to maintain sample integrity and preclude the use ofopen sample containers, such as cans, bottles, and otheratmospheric containers.3.1.2.2 DiscussionSamples and bulk storage (tank) liquidsmay or may not appear to boil visi
49、bly (rolling) but vaporization(off-gassing) is occurring.3.1.3 light ends, nhydrocarbon components that cannot bemaintained as a liquid at atmospheric pressure at temperaturesgreater than 0 C.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThis includes any materials that haveatmospheric boiling points below 0 C including methane,ethane, propane, butane.3.1.3.2 DiscussionFixed gases, such as CO, CO2,H2,H2S, N2, and O2, will also contribute to the composition andvapor pressure of the sample.3.1.4 maximum fill volume (reduced fill volume), nthevolume of a container occupied by the sample, usua
