1、API Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsTR 2570EI Hydrocarbon ManagementHM 56Continuous On-line Measurement of Water Content in Petroleum (Crude Oil and Condensate)First Edition, October 2010API MPMS TR 2570/EI HM 56Continuous On-line Measurement of Water Content in Petroleum (Crude Oil and Con
2、densate)First Edition, October 2010Published jointly byAPI and ENERGY INSTITUTE LONDONThe Energy Institute is a professional membership body incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity number 1097899Special Notes and DisclaimersAPI and EI publications are recommended for general adoption bu
3、t should be read and interpreted in conjunction withWeights and Measures, Safety, Customs and Excise and other regulations in force in the country in which they are tobe applied. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should bereviewed. Such regulato
4、ry requirements have precedence over corresponding clauses in API/EI publications.However, where requirements of API/EI publications are more rigorous, then their use is recommended. The information contained in this publication is provided as guidance only. Neither API and EI nor any of API/EIsempl
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7、iring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institutes toassure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institutes make no representation,warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaim any liability or responsibilityfor
8、 loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which thispublication may conflict. API/EI joint publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not int
9、ended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilised. The development and publication of API/EI jointpublications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Nothing contained in any API/EI joi
10、nt publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise,for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither shouldanything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringemen
11、t of letterspatent.API/EI are not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly trainand equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertakingtheir obligations to comply with authorities having j
12、urisdiction.The above disclaimer is not intended to restrict or exclude liability for death or personal injury caused by ownnegligence.The Energy Institute is a professional membership body incorporated by Royal Charter 2003.Registered charity number 1097899, EnglandCopyright 2010 by API, Washington
13、 D.C. and Energy Institute, London:All rights reserved.No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.ForewordThis publication was pr
14、epared jointly by the American Petroleum Institute Committee on Petroleum Measurement andthe Energy Institute Hydrocarbon Management Committee.The American Petroleum Institute Committee on Petroleum Measurement (COPM) and the Energy InstitutesHydrocarbon Management Committee (HMC) are responsible fo
15、r the production and maintenance of standards andguides covering various aspects of static and dynamic measurement of petroleum. The API/EI Joint Committee onHydrocarbon Management (JCHM), its sub-committees and work groups consist of technical specialists representingoil companies, equipment manufa
16、cturers, service companies, terminal and ship owners and operators. The API/EIJCHM encourages international participation and when producing publications its aim is to represent the bestconsensus of international technical expertise and good practice. This is the main reason behind the production of
17、joint publications involving cooperation with experts from both the API and EI.This technical report (TR) is intended to provide a performance basis for the use of on-line measurement of watercontent in petroleum (crude oil and condensate) in real-time using an On-line Water measurement Device (OWD)
18、 andto collect consistent data. However, it is not intended to preclude the use or development of any other technologies ormethods. To gain a better understanding of the methods described in this standard, the reader should review in detailthe latest editions of the publications, standards, and docu
19、ments referenced herein.SI units are used throughout this publication as the primary units of measurement since this system is commonlyused in measurement and sampling. However, U.S. Customary (USC) units continue to be used in some applications.Therefore, both SI and USC units are shown (with USC i
20、n parentheses).This TR is not intended to supersede any safety or operating practices recommended by individual operatingcompanies, nor is the publication intended to supersede any other safety or environmental considerations, localregulations, or the specific provisions of any contract. For reasons
21、 of safety, only approved equipment certifiedintrinsically safe or otherwise approved suitable for its intended use shall be used.API/EI publications are published as an aid to procurement of standardised equipment and materials and/or as goodpractice procedures. These publications are not intended
22、to inhibit purchasers or producers from purchasing orproducing products made to specifications other than those of API or EI.Classified areas may vary depending on the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any givensituation. Users of this standard should consult with the appro
23、priate authorities having jurisdiction. Users of this TRshould not rely exclusively on the information contained in this publication. Sound business, scientific, engineering,and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.Shall: As used in a TR denotes a minimum requ
24、irement in order to conform to the requirement. Should: As used in a TR, denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform tothe requirement.This publication was produced following API/EI standardisation procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticip
25、ation in the developmental process and is designated as an API/EI standard.Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning theprocedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standar
26、ds,American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, USA, or the Technical Department,Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1G 7AR, UK.iiiRequests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also beaddressed to
27、 the Director of Standards (API) or the Technical Department (EI). Generally, API/EI standards arereviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years maybe added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the
28、API Standards Department, 1220L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, USA, or the EI Technical Department, Energy Institute, 61 New CavendishStreet, London, W1G 7AR, UK.A catalogue of API publications can be found at www.api.org/publications A catalogue of EI publications can be found at www.energyins
29、tpubs.orgSuggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, D.C. 20005, USA, standardsapi.org or to the Technical Department, Energy Institute, 61 NewCavendish Street, London, W1G 7AR, UK.ContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . 13 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 OWD Operating Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.2 Measurement Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 Installation Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 Auxiliary Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Initial Acceptance Testing of
35、 OWD Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 Water I
36、njection Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Ongoing Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、 . . . . . . . . . 87.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.2 Calibration of OWD System Secondary Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.3 Verification of OWD Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.4 Control Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Audit Trail and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.1 Audit Trail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.2 Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Annex A (informative) OWD Appli
41、cations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Annex B (informative) Typical OWD Installation Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Annex C (informative) EXAMPLE Work
42、sheet for OWD Acceptance Testing Using an Average of Instantaneous Samples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Figures1 Typical Timing Diagram for One OWD System Test Run . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Flowchart of Procedure for OWD System Initial Acceptance Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7B.1 Typical Fast Loop OWD Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15B.2 Typical In-line OWD Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Tables1 Potential Uncertainty Influencers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Typical Deviations for the OWD, System Acceptance Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8vIntroductionThe purpose of this technical report is to provide guidance for the installation and operation of an
46、 On-line Watermeasurement Device (OWD) for on-line measurement of water content in petroleum (crude oil and condensate) inreal-time. Guidance is also provided for the collection of consistent data to allow for long term performanceassessment. Applications for the OWD include pipeline and marine appl
47、ications, use as an operational tool forallocation of production, or other forms of non-custody transfer process management.OWDs can be used in conjunction with other methods of water determination or as a stand-alone method. However,automatic sampling may be essential for determining other petroleu
48、m fluid properties and when the retention ofsamples is required for audit. The OWD should be tested for acceptance as described in this technical report, and go through an on-goingverification program as described in this technical report. Operation with different crude oils and different conditions
49、may require additional testing and verification. This technology should be viewed as one of several methods todetermine the water in petroleum and petroleum products. The method for measuring water in petroleum should beselected with consideration given to installation, application, and properties of the product(s) being measured. vi1Continuous On-line Measurement of Water in Petroleum(Crude Oil and Condensate)1ScopeThis technical report will provide guidance for the application, installation, operation, verification, and proving ofOWDs for use in the non-custody transfer measurement of
