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7、ssion from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2007 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDNothing contained in any API Publication is to be construed as granting any right, by impli-cation or otherwise, for the manufactur
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9、ory and Scientific Affairs, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington D.C. 20005.iiiv TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF TABLES vii 1. INTRODUCTION . 1-1 1.1 Principles of Use and System Requirements . 1-1 1.2 Installation . 1-2 2. USING EPEC II. 2-1 2.1 Starting EPEC II and Creatin
10、g a New Facility Data File 2-1 2.2 Working With Facilities. 2-3 2.2.1 Create a New Facility 2-3 2.2.2 Open an Existing Facility 2-3 2.2.3 Save the Current Facility Under a New File Name. 2-3 2.2.4 Edit General Information for the Current Facility 2-4 2.3 Working With Equipment Units 2-4 2.3.1 Adding
11、 New Equipment Units to the Current Facility 2-4 2.3.2 Editing Existing Equipment Units. 2-5 2.3.3 Selecting Alternative Emissions Factors. 2-5 2.4 Working With Emissions Reports And Summaries. 2-6 2.4.1 View, Print, or Save Formatted Reports 2-6 2.4.2 View and Print Facility Summaries. 2-7 2.4.3 Vi
12、ew and Print Equipment Emissions Summaries 2-8 2.5 Quitting EPEC II 2-9 2.6 Backing Up Data Files. 2-9 3. METHODS USED BY EPEC II TO CALCULATE EMISSIONS. 3-1 3.1 Amine Units. 3-2 3.2 Cooling Towers 3-7 3.3 Diesel or Gasoline Engines 3-9 3.4 External Combustion Units 3-11 3.5 Fixed Roof Storage Tanks
13、 . 3-13 3.6 Flares 3-18 3.7 Equipment Fugitive Emissions 3-21 3.8 Glycol Regenerators 3-23 3.9 Loading Operations 3-25 3.10 Natural Gas Engines 3-28 3.11 Natural Gas Turbines . 3-30 3.12 Vents 3-32 3.13 Other Emissions Units . 3-34 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Concluded) Section Page APPENDIX A: EXAMPLE EP
14、EC II CALCULATIONS . A-1 APPENDIX B: LIST OF SOURCE CLASSIFICATION CODES B-1 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 2-1. EPEC Welcome screen . 2-1 2-2. General Facility Information screen . 2-2 2-3. EPEC Control Panel 2-2 2-4. Data entry screen for an amine gas sweetening unit. 2-4 2-5. Emission factors di
15、splay screen for diesel/gasoline engines 2-6 2-6. Formatted Report of actual criteria pollutant emissions print preview screen 2-7 2-7. Facility Summary viewer screen. 2-8 2-8. Equipment Summary viewer screen . 2-9 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 3-1. Saturation factors for loading railway tank cars and t
16、anker trucks 3-26 3-2. Arrival emission rates for marine loading of crude oil. 3-27 .1-1 1. INTRODUCTION The Exploration and Production Emission Calculator Version 2.0 (EPEC II) is a software tool that can be used to estimate emissions for exploration and production (E (2) select the destination dir
17、ectory where the program files will be installed; and (3) provide a name for the program group where a shortcut to EPEC II will be placed on the Windows taskbar. 5. Remove the Installation Disk from the CD drive. Store the Installation Disk in a safe place. 1-2 2-1 2. USING EPEC II 2.1 STARTING EPEC
18、 II AND CREATING A NEW FACILITY DATA FILE To start EPEC II, click null Start from the Windows taskbar, then select Programs4| EPEC II. Upon starting EPEC II, the Welcome screen will appear (Figure 2-1). Figure 2-1. EPEC Welcome screen. On the Welcome screen, click nullCreate a new facility and OK .
19、Enter the name of a file that will store the new facilitys data and click Save . The General Facility Information screen will appear (Figure 2-2). 2-2 Required Figure 2-2. General Facility Information screen. On the General Facility Information screen, enter any desired descriptive information and c
20、lick OK . (Note that the Facility/Well ID is required.) The EPEC Control Panel will appear (Figure 2-3). Figure 2-3. EPEC Control Panel. 2-3 From the EPEC Control Panel, the EPEC user may perform the following tasks. Create new or open existing facility data files. Save the current facility data fil
21、e under a different file name. Edit general information for the current facility. Create new, edit existing, copy, or delete equipment units for the current facility. View and print emissions summary reports for facilities or equipment units. Exit EPEC II. 2.2 WORKING WITH FACILITIES 2.2.1 Create a
22、New Facility Select File | Create New Facility from the Control Panel menu. Enter a file name where the new facilitys data will be stored and click Save . The General Facility Information screen will appear (Figure 2-2). On the General Facility Information screen, enter any desired descriptive infor
23、mation and click OK . (Note that the Facility/Well ID is required.) The EPEC Control Panel will appear with the new facilitys file name identified as current. 2.2.2 Open an Existing Facility Select File | Open Existing Facility from the Control Panel menu. Select the file name where the facilitys da
24、ta was previously stored and click Open . The EPEC Control Panel will reappear with the selected facilitys file name identified as current. 2.2.3 Save the Current Facility Under a New File Name Select File | Save Facility As from the Control Panel menu. Enter a file name where the facilitys data wil
25、l be stored and click Save . The EPEC Control Panel will reappear with the new file name identified as current. 2-4 2.2.4 Edit General Information for the Current Facility Select Edit | Edit Facility Information from the Control Panel menu. The General Facility Information screen will appear (Figure
26、 2-2). On the General Facility Information screen, enter or change any descriptive information and click OK . (Note that the Facility/Well ID is required.) 2.3 WORKING WITH EQUIPMENT UNITS 2.3.1 Adding New Equipment Units to the Current Facility First, a facility must be created or opened from an ex
27、isting file (see Section 2.2). Select the type of new equipment to be added from the Select Unit Type drop-list on the Control Panel. From the Control Panel menu, select Edit | Add New Unit. The data entry screen for the selected equipment type will appear (Figure 2-4). Enter the information and cli
28、ck OK to return to the Control Panel. (Note that the Unit ID is required.) Required Figure 2-4. Data entry screen for an amine gas sweetening unit. 2-5 2.3.2 Editing Existing Equipment Units Select the type of equipment to be edited from the Select Unit Type drop-list on the Control Panel. Then, sel
29、ect the unit to be edited from the Select Unit ID drop-list. From the Control Panel menu, select Edit | Edit Selected Unit. The data entry screen for the selected equipment unit will appear. Enter or change the existing data and click OK to return to the Control Panel. 2.3.3 Selecting Alternative Em
30、ission Factors Within EPEC II, the user may enter or select alternative emission factors for use in estimating emissions from the following equipment types. Cooling towers Diesel/gasoline engines External combustion units Flares Natural gas engines Natural gas turbines For each of these equipment ty
31、pes, EPEC II determines which emission factors are applicable from parameters entered on the equipment data entry screen. For example, the determining parameters for diesel/gasoline engines are Fuel Type, Emission Factor Units, Make, and Model. Click the Emission Factors button to display and edit c
32、urrently selected emission factors (Figure 2-5). EPEC II defaults to emission factors that are published in the EPAs document, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42), where available. If none are published in AP-42, EPEC II defaults to factors published by the Gas Research Institute o
33、r provided by engine manufacturers. 2-6 Figure 2-5. Emission factors display screen for diesel/gasoline engines. If no published emission factors are available for a particular pollutant, the user must enter an emission factor in order to estimate emissions. Select “Other/Test” or “Manufacturer” as
34、the Data Source and enter an emission factor in the space provided. 2.4 WORKING WITH EMISSIONS REPORTS AND SUMMARIES 2.4.1 View, Print, or Save Formatted Reports To create tabulated reports of emissions from all equipment units at a facility (or Formatted Reports), select File | Print | Formatted Re
35、port | from the Control Panel menu. Then, select from the menu the pollutant type of interest (Criteria Pollutants, HAPs, or GHGs), and the emissions type of interest (Actual or Potential). A print preview of the Formatted Report will appear (Figure 2-6). 2-7 Figure 2-6. Formatted Report of actual c
36、riteria pollutant emissions print preview screen. To send a Formatted Report to the printer or to export it to a file, click the printer or export buttons from the print preview screen. Formatted Reports may be exported as HTML or text files. 2.4.2 View and Print Facility Summaries First, a facility
37、 must be created or opened from an existing file (see Section 2.2). To view the Facility Summary, select View | View Facility Summary from the Control Panel menu or click the View Summary button in the Current Facility area, or the top half, of the EPEC II Control Panel. A summary of the total crite
38、ria pollutant, HAP, and CO2emissions for the current facility will appear in the Facility Summary viewer screen (Figure 2-7). To print, click the Print button on the Facility Summary viewer screen. 2-8 Figure 2-7. Facility Summary viewer screen. 2.4.3 View and Print Equipment Emissions Summaries To
39、view an Equipment Emissions Summary, select the equipment type of interest from the Select Unit Type drop-list on the Control Panel. Then, select the desired unit from the Select Unit ID drop-list. Select View | View Unit Summary from the Control Panel menu or click the View Summary button in the Un
40、its at Facility area, or the bottom half, of the Control Panel. A summary of the total criteria pollutant, HAP, and CO2emissions for the selected equipment unit will appear in the Equipment Summary viewer screen (Figure 2-8). To print, click the Print button on the Equipment Summary viewer screen. 2
41、-9 Figure 2-8. Equipment Summary viewer screen. 2.5 QUITTING EPEC II Exiting EPEC II is only permitted from the Control Panel. Use one of the following techniques to exit EPEC II from the Control Panel: (1) click File | Exit from the menu, (2) click the symbol in the upper right corner, or (3) click
42、 the Exit button in the lower right corner. 2.6 BACKING UP DATA FILES It is very important to periodically back up data files created using EPEC II in order to minimize the risk of data loss. Back up data files using Windows Explorer by browsing to the location and file where data are stored and cop
43、ying the data file to a secure location, such as a floppy disk or zip drive. Or, use the File | Save Facility As option from the Control Panel and save the data file to a secure location (see Section 2.2.3). EPEC II data files are usually stored with an *.mdb file name extension. 3-1 3. METHODS USED
44、 BY EPEC II TO CALCULATE EMISSIONS This section describes the calculation methods available to the EPEC user for amine units, cooling towers, diesel/gasoline IC engines, external combustion emission units, fixed-roof storage tanks, flares, fugitive emissions, glycol dehydrators, loading operations,
45、natural gas engines, natural gas turbines, vents, and other emission units. Methods to customize facility-specific emission estimates are also described. Appendix A contains data for an example facility. Whenever possible, the most recently available calculation techniques and emission factors from
46、published literature have been integrated into EPEC II. In most cases, these methods have gained past acceptance by the EPA, and are recommended in literature published by the EPA, API, GRI, or the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP). EPEC also offers the flexibility to input emission fact
47、ors which are facility-specific or have been updated since the release of EPEC II. Features that are common to many equipment types include potential and actual emission calculations, HAPs speciation calculations, applications of control efficiencies, facility-specific emission calculations, and the
48、 inclusion of default input values. Potential emissions are calculated assuming maximum operating time, maximum fuel usage, maximum rated horsepower, etc. Potential emissions are meant to reflect the maximum capacity of the facility to create airborne emissions, while actual emissions are meant to r
49、eflect actual operating conditions. In EPEC II, HAP emissions are usually calculated as a percent of VOC emissions. Emission reductions due to control technologies are included such that: Reduced Emissions = Emissions (1 - Control efficiency % / 100%) (3-1) At many points within EPEC, emission factors or speciation profiles are blank because these data are not currently available. However, the appropriate equations have been integrated into the EPEC spreadsheets for calculating emissions, therefore, users are encouraged to provid
