1、Recommended Practice for Design of Continuous Flow Gas Lift Installations Using Injection Pressure Operated ValvesAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 11V6SECOND EDITION, JULY 1999REAFFIRMED, MARCH 2015Recommended Practice for Design of Continuous Flow Gas Lift Installations Using Injection Pressure Operated Va
2、lvesUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 11V6SECOND EDITION, JULY 1999REAFFIRMED, MARCH 2015SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not unde
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5、n or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revi
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7、publication. Statusof the publication can be ascertained from the general manager of the Upstream Segmenttelephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annu-ally and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.This document was produced u
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10、he general manager.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The for
11、mulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicablerequirements
12、of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recordin
13、g, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 1999 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis Recommended Practice is under the jurisdiction of the American Petroleum Institute
14、(API) Committee on Standardization of Production Equipment (Committee 11).This document presents recommended practices for the design of continuous flow gas liftusing injection pressure operated valves.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institu
15、te to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violati
16、on of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the general manager of theUpstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.20005.iiiCONTENTSPage0 INTRODUCTION . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 INTENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、24.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 Well Performance (Inflow and Outflow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 Tubing or Annulus (Production Conduit) Flow Area/Size . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 Gas Injection Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 Kick-Off Injec
21、tion Gas Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 Characteristics of Unbalanced, Pressure Charged Valves. . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . 44.9 Design Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.10 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.11 Flag Valve. . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.12 Gas Passage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.13 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 CONTINUOUS FLOW PROBLEMS: INJECTION PRESSURE OPERATEDVALVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.1 Example Problem No. 1: Design of Typical Well with Good Produ
25、ction Data . . 75.2 Example Problem No. 2: Design of a Well with Little or No Production Data . 175.3 Example Problem No. 3: Design of a Typical Offshore Well with GoodProduction Data and the Mandrels Already Spaced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27APPENDIX A API SYMBOLS FOR GAS LIFT DE
26、SIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47APPENDIX B VERTICAL FLOWING PRESSURE GRADIENTS CHARTS . . . . . . 55Figures1 A Typical Gas Lift System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Data Sheet Example 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Oil IPR Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . 95 Weight of Injection Gas Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Gas Lift Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Gas Passage Chart for Various Orifice Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510 . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811A-F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192112 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2213 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22vPage14A-I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232615 Data Sheet Example 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2816 Example Problem 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2917 Data Sheet Exa
33、mple 2A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3018 Example Problem 2A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3119 Example Problem 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . 3220 Data Sheet Example 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3322 IPR Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3421 Vertical Flowing Pressure Gradien
35、ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3523 Gas Lift Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3724 Tubing Performance Curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、3825 Gas Passage Chart for Various Orifice Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4026 Pressure-Depth Gas Lift Space Graph for: API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4127 Pressure-Depth Gas Lift Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . 4228 Pressure-Depth Gas Lift Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45A-1 Gas Lift Well Data Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49A-2 Test Rack Pressure Calculation Sheet . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50A-3 Compressibility Factors for Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52A-4 Upstream Pressure in 100 psig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53A-5 Correction Factor . . . . . . .
39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54B-1-20 Vertical Flowing Pressure Gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5675Tables1 Recommended Minimum Safety Factors for Various InjectionPressure Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Test Rack Pressure Calculation Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Vertical Flowing Pressure at Depth 500 BFPD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Tubing Performance C
41、urve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Summary of Rate vs. Gas Injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Summary of Gas Flow Using 3/16-in. Port/Orifice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Mandrel/
42、Valve Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44A-1 Temperature Correction Factors for Nitrogen Based on 60F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51vi1Recommended Practice for Design of Continuous Flow Gas LiftInstallations Using Injection Pressure Operated
43、Valves0 IntroductionThis Recommended Practice is provided to meet the needsfor guidelines, procedures, and recommendations coveringContinuous Flow Gas Lift Installation Designs using injec-tion pressure operated valves. These recommended practicesare those generally required for successful installat
44、iondesigns. Also see API Specification 11V1, RecommendedPractice 11V5, and Recommended Practice 11V7.1 ScopeThis Recommended Practice is intended to set guidelinesfor continuous flow gas lift installation designs using injec-tion pressure operated valves. The assumption is made thatthe designer is f
45、amiliar with and has available data on the var-ious factors that affect a design. The designer is referred tothe API publication Gas Lift, (Book 6 of the Vocational Train-ing Series, Third Edition, 1994) and to the various API 11VRecommended Practices on gas lift.2 IntentThe only energy utilized in
46、lifting liquids to the surface isthat provided by the expansion of the compressed gas fromthe pressure in the production conduit at the point of injectionto the pressure at the wellhead. The pressure drops taken(from the compressor to the wellhead, across the surfaceinjection gas control device, thr
47、ough the injection conduit,across the gas lift valve into the production conduit, up theproduction conduit, and from the wellhead to the storagetank) are all energy losses. The intent of the gas lift installa-tion design is to maximize the benefits from the lift energyused, i.e., to allow the compre
48、ssed gas to be injected into theproduced fluid as deep and at a pressure as close to compres-sor discharge pressure as possible or necessary. Such anapproach normally maximizes production with a minimum ofoperating costs. Gasdehydration unitSurplus gasto salesGas for gas liftWellProductionPipelineCo
49、mpressorstationGas/oilseparatorOil storageTo pipelineProductionmanifoldTBG/CSGpressurerecorderInjectiongasInjection gas manifold(metering and control)Figure 1A Typical Gas Lift System2 API RECOMMENDEDPRACTICE11V63 DefinitionsA continuous lift gas lift installation is one where com-pressed high pressure gas is injected continuously at the sur-face into the gas injection conduit and then continuouslydownhole into the production fluid conduit.4 General Design Considerations4.1 GENERAL4.1.1In the design of a continuous flow gas lift installation,the complete system must be evaluated. For
