1、Recommended Practice for Setting,Maintenance, Inspection,Operation, and Repair of Tanks inProduction ServiceAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 12R1FIFTH EDITION, AUGUST 1997REAFFIRMED: APRIL 2008Recommended Practice for Setting,Maintenance, Inspection,Operation, and Repair of Tanks inProduction ServiceExplora
2、tion and Production DepartmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 12R1FIFTH EDITION, AUGUST 1997REAFFIRMED: APRIL 2008SPECIAL NOTES API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic- ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. A
3、PI is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or federal laws. Information concerni
4、ng safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par- ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet. Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any
5、right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod- uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con- strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. Generally, API standard
6、s are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this review cycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as an operative API standard or, where an extension
7、 has been granted, upon republication. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Authoring Department telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. This document w
8、as produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri- ate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com- ments and questions concerning the procedures u
9、nder which this standard was developed should be directed in writing to the director of the Authoring Department (shown on the title page of this document), American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of
10、 the material published herein should also be addressed to the director. API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer- ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply- ing sound engineering judgment regarding w
11、hen and where these standards should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices. Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely re
12、sponsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod- ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard. All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitte
13、d by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher Contact the Publisher; API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N. W, Washington, D.G. 20005. Copyright O 1997 American Petroleum Institute COPYRIGHT American Petroleum I
14、nstituteLicensed by Information Handling ServicesSTD.API/PETRO RP LER1-ENGL L977 D 0732270 05bAOL5 711 W FOREWORD This API recommended practice is under the jurisdiction of the API Subcommittee on Standardization of Field Operating Equipment. This fifth edition is a reformatted reissue of the 1991 f
15、ourth edition, which was reaffirmed by 1996 letter ballot. This recommended practice provides guidelines for (a) setting and connecting of lease tanks at new tank battery installations and in other production and treating service, (b) main- taining and operating lease tanks, and (c) inspecting and r
16、epairing tanks constructed in accordance with API 12 series (B, D, F and P) standards. Changes adopted in the fourth edition of this recommended practice address both techni- cal and environmenWsafety issues. Major technical revisions included (a) development of tank inspection criteria and scheduli
17、ng intervals, (b) adoption of repair recommendations, and (c) inclusion of a section addressing spill prevention control and countermeasures A number of federal, state, and local environmental and safety regulations affect the design and the operation of storage tanks utilized in production operatio
18、ns. In preparing this recommended practice, the following safety and environmental concerns were addressed: a. Personal safety assurance. b. Prevention of catastrophic failure. c. Prevention of operational mishaps, such as tank overflows. d. Minimization of the potential for leaks. (SEC). The enviro
19、nmental statutes and regulations affecting the operation of lease facilities are constantly evolving. Individuals utilizing this document should review federal, state, and local regulations to determine whether the practices recommended in this document are con- sistent with current laws and regulat
20、ions. This recommended practice shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may be used voluntarily from the date of distribution. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data
21、contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation w
22、ith which this publication may conflict. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the director of the Exploration and Production Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washing- ton, D.C. 20005-4070. iii COPYRIGHT American Petroleum InstituteLicensed by Infor
23、mation Handling ServicesCONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 page SCOPE 1 REFERENCES . 1 DEFINITIONS . 2 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR SElTlNC AND CONNECTING TANKS . 3 4.1 Setting of New or Relocated Tanks 3 4.2 Proper Measurement and Sampling of Oil in Tanks Used for Measurement and Providing for Storage Efficiency 3
24、 4.3 Delivery of Measured Quantities to Pipeline in Tanks Used for Measurement . 4 4.4 Tank Integrity 4 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR SAFE OPERATION AND SPILL PREVENTION OF TANKS 5 5.1 Operating Safety . 5 5.2 Spill Prevention . 7 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR EXAMINATION, INSPECTION, AND MAINTENANCE OF TANKS
25、 7 6.1 General 7 6.2 Maintenance 8 6.4 External Condition Examination 8 6.5 Internal Condition Examination . 9 6.6 InternaYExternal Inspections 9 6.7 Inspection Techniques . 10 6.8 Shell Welds 11 6.9 Records 11 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR ALTERATION OR REPAIR OF TANKS 11 7.1 vpes of Repairs 11 7.2 Prep
26、aration of Tank for Repairs 11 7.3 Minimum Thickness and Material Requirement of Replacement Shell Plate 11 7.4 Weld Joints 11 7.5 Alteration of Tank Shells to Change Shell Height . 12 7.6 Repair of Shell Penetrations . 12 7.7 Hot Taps 12 7.8 Leak Detection on Bottom Replacement 12 7.9 Reconstructio
27、n of a Dismantled Tank . 12 7.10 Required Hydrostatic Testing . 12 7.1 1 Nameplates 13 6.3 Routine Operational Examination 8 APPENDIX A RECOMMENDED QUALIFICATIONS FOR QUALIFIED INSPECTORS AND COMPETENT PERSONS 15 APPENDIX B EXAMPLE CALCULATION OF VENTING REQUIREMENTS . 17 APPENDIX C INDUSTRY OBSERVA
28、TIONS AND EXPERIENCES ON SHELL CORROSION AND BRIITLE FRACTURE . 19 V COPYRIGHT American Petroleum InstituteLicensed by Information Handling Services STD.API/PETRO RP L2RL-ENGL L777 0732290 05bBOL7 59Ll m Page APPENDIX D CHECKLIST FOR EXTERNAL CONDITION EXAMINATION 21 APPENDIX E CHECKLIST FOR INTERNA
29、L CONDITION EXAMINATION . 25 APPENDIX F MINIMUM THICKNESS FOR TANK ELEMENTS . 29 APPENDIX G CHECKLIST FOR EXTERNAL INSPECTION 31 APPENDIX H CHECKLIST FOR INTERNAL INSPECTION . 37 APPENDIX I FIGURES AND DIAGRAMS 43 Figures 1 2 3A 3B 4 Tables 1 2 F- 1 Example of Straight Line Tank Battery Installation
30、 and Piping Configurations 45 Example of Small-Volume Shop-Welded Tanks Foundation and Connection Configurations 46 Example Tank Battery Installation Showing Dikeirewall and Example Tank Battery Installation Top View Showing Dikepirewall Corrosion Calculation Nomenclature 49 Example Piping Configura
31、tion . 47 and Example Piping Configuration 48 Internal Tank Examinationhnspection Schedule . 8 External Tank Examinationhnspection Schedule 8 Summary of Minimum Thickness for Tank Elements 30 vi COPYRIGHT American Petroleum InstituteLicensed by Information Handling ServicesSTD.API/PETRO RP 22RL-ENGL
32、 2777 m 0732290 05bAOLA 420 m Recommended Practice for Setting, Maintenance, Inspection, Operation, and Repair of Tanks in Production Service 1 Scope 2 References 1.1 This recommended practice should be considered as a guide on new tank installations and maintenance of existing tanks. It contains re
33、commendations for good practices in (a) the collection of well or lease production, (b) gauging, (c) delivery to pipeline carriers for transportation, and (d) other production storage and treatment operations. In particular, the spill prevention and examinatiodinspection provisions of this recommend
34、ed practice should be companion to the spill pre- vention control and countermeasures (SPCC) to prevent envi- ronmental damage. This recommended practice is intended primarily for appli- cation to tanks fabricated to API Specifications 12F3, D, F, and P (sometimes called the API 12 series in this do
35、cument) when employed in on-land production service; but its basic princi- ples are applicable to atmospheric tanks of other dimensions and specifications when they are employed in similar oil and gas production, treating, and processing services. It is not applicable to refineries, petrochemical pl
36、ants, marketing bulk stations, or pipeline storage facilities operated by carriers. Tanks fabricated to API Standard 650 or its predecessor (API Standard 12C) should be maintained in accordance with API Standard 653. 1.2 This document recommends maintenance practices based on the estimated corrosion
37、 rate life of various tank components. Corrosion rate life of tank components will vary widely with location, environment, service, type of fluid, and corrosion mitigation techniques elected by the ownedopera- tor. Recommendations for specific corrosion mitigation tech- niques are not within the sco
38、pe of this document. For such recommendations, see publications of the National Associa- tion of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) (see Section 2). This recommended practice includes by reference, either in total or in part, the most recent editions of the following stan- dards, unless a specific edition i
39、s listed: API Spec 11N Lease Automatic Custody Transfer (LACT) Spec 12B Bolted Tanks for Storage of Production Spec 12D Field Welded Tanks for Storage of Produc- Spec 12F Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of Produc- Spec 12P Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Tanks Equipment Liquids tion Liquik tion LiquirLF
40、 Bull D16-1974 Suggested Procedure for Development of Spill Prevention Control and Countenea- sures Plans W500 Classtjication of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities RP 520 Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pres- sure-Relieving Devices in Rejneries, Part 1, “Sizing and
41、 Selection“ Std 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage Std 653 Tank Inspection, Repair; Alteration, and Reconstruction Std 2000 Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks: Nonrefrigerated and Refrigerated Std 2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of Static, Lightning, and Stray Curre
42、nts Publ 2009 Safe Welding and Cutting Practices in Refineries, Gasoline Plants, and Petro- chemical Plants RP 2015 Safe Entry and Cleaning of Petroleum Stor- age Tanks, Planning and Managing Tank Entry From Decommissioning Through Recommissioning 1.3 This document contains some specific safety reco
43、m- mendations applicable to tanks. For complete safety recom- mendations, see publications of the API Committee on Safety and Fire Protection. 1.4 The schematic drawings included in this publication are examples only of some features described in the document. Numerous variations in piping systems a
44、nd tank components are known to give satisfactory service. Unusual grades of crude, particularly heavier grades, may cause the ownedoper- ator to elect other equally satisfactory practices. 1.5 Lease automatic custody transfer (LACT) operations are covered in API Specification 1 lN, and in the API M
45、anual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 6. l. Publ 2207 Preparing Tank Bottom for Hot Work Publ 2210-1982 Flame Arresters for Vents of Tan Petro- leum Products Environmental Guidance Document: Onshore Solid Waste Management in Exploration and Production Operations MPMS, Chapter 6.l-“Lease
46、Automatic Custody Transfer (LACT) Systems“ MPMS, Chapter 8.1-“Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products“ 1 COPYRIGHT American Petroleum InstituteLicensed by Information Handling Services2 API RECOMMENDED PmcncE 12R1 NACE RP-01-78 Design, Fabrication, and Surface Finish of Metal Tanks and V
47、essels to be Lined for Chemical Immersion Service RP-05-75 Design, Installation, Operation, and Main- tenance of Inteml Cathodic Protection System in Oil Treating Vessels SPEz Petroleum Handbook 3 Definitions apply For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions 3.1 alteration: Any work
48、 done on a tank which departs from the original design and includes changes in size, shape, or structural members. 3.2 applicable standard for alteration: The applica- ble standard for alteration is the latest revision of the origi- nal API specification. 3.3 applicable standard for inspection or ra
49、ting: Any tank covered by this recommended practice may be rated or inspected either by the original specification under which it was built or, at the option of the ownedoperator, the latest revision of the same specification. 3.4 applicable standard for repair: For design, materi- als, workmanship, and testing of any new piece or part added to the tank, the applicable standard is the latest revision of the original API specification. For original parts, see applicable standard for inspection or rating. 3.5 atmospheric pressure tank: A tank designed for internal pressures up to, but no
