1、Recommended Practice for Field Inspection of New Line PipeAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 5L8SECOND EDITION, DECEMBER 1996REAFFIRMED, MAY 2015Recommended Practice for Field Inspection of New Line PipeUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 5L8SECOND EDITION, DECEMBER 1996REAFFIRMED, MAY 2015 STD*API/PETRO
2、 RP SLB-ENGL 277b m 0732270 05b22bA 473 m This recommended practice is under the jurisdiction of the API Subcommittee on Stan- dardization of Tubular Goods. Included in this practice are the recommended procedures for field inspection and test- ing of new plain-end line pipe. This recommended practi
3、ce has been prepared specifically to address the practices and technology used in field inspection of line pipe, and certain parts are not suitable or appropriate for mill inspections. The recommended practices established within this document are intended as an inspec- tion and/or testing guide, an
4、d nothing in this guide shall be interpreted to prohibit the agency or owner from using personal judgment, supplementing the inspection with other techniques, extending existing techniques, or reinspecting certain lengths. This recommended practice covers the qualification of inspection personnel, a
5、 descrip- tion of inspection methods, apparatus calibration, and standardization procedures for vari- ous inspection methods. The evaluation of imperfections and marking of inspected new line pipe are included. This document shall be used as a guide applicable to the methods for field inspection and
6、 shall not be used as a basis for acceptance or rejection. Acceptance or rejection of new API monogrammed line pipe shall be based on conformance with API Specification 5L. This practice shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may be used voluntarily from the date of distribution
7、. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; how- ever, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expres
8、sly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or dam- age resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the director of the Explora- tion and Pro
9、duction Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. - STD.API/PETRO RP SLB-ENGL L77b m 0732270 05b2Lb7 32T m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CONTENTS Page SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1 1 . 1 Basis for Inspection 1 1.2 Applicability of Inspections . 1 1.3 Repeatability of Resul
10、ts 1 1.4 Consequences of Variability . 2 REFERENCES 2 DEFINITION OF TERMS . 2 QUALITY ASSURANCE 9 QUALIFICATION OF INSPECTION PERSONNEL 9 5.1 Scope 9 5.2 Written Procedure 9 5.3 Qualification of Inspection Personnel . 9 5.4 Training Programs . 9 5.5 Examinations . 10 5.6 Experience . 10 5.7 Requalif
11、ication 10 5.8 Documentation 10 5.9 NDT Personnel Certification 10 GENERAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES . 10 6.1 Scope 10 6.2 Pre-inspection Procedures 10 6.3 Records and Notification . 11 6.4 Post-inspection Procedures 11 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA, DISPOSITION, AND RESPONSIBILITY 11 7.2 Basis for Acceptance 11
12、7.3 Responsibility for Rejections . 11 VISUAL AND DIMENSIONAL INSPECTION 12 8.1 Scope . 12 8.2 Application . 12 8.3 Equipment (including calibration) . 12 8.4 External Surface Illumination 12 8.5 Internal Surface Illumination 12 8.6 Full-Length Visual Inspection of Line Pipe (FLVI) . 13 8.7 Diameter
13、 and Bevel Check on Pipe Ends 13 HARDNESS TESTING . 14 9.1 Scope . 14 9.2 Application 14 9.3 Equipment . 14 9.4 Calibration and Standardization . 14 9.5 Procedures . 15 7.1 scope . 11 V STD-API/PETRO RP SLB-ENGL 377b m 0732270 0562370 041 Page 1 O MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION (MPI) . 15 10.1 Scope .
14、 15 10.3 Equipment, Materials, and General Procedures . 15 10.2 Appllcatlon 15 10.4 Calibration and Standardization 17 10.5 Procedures for Inspection of Longitudinal Welds, Inside and Outside Surface (FLMPIW, FLMPOW) 18 10.7 End Area Inspection (EAI) . 19 10.6 Full Body Inspection, Inside and Outsid
15、e Surface . 18 1 1 ELECTROMAGNETIC INSPECTION 19 1 1.1 Scope . 19 11.3 Equipment . 19 11.4 Calibration and Standardlzatlon 19 1 1.5 Inspection Procedures . 21 11.2 Application 19 12 RESIDUAL MAGNETISM AND DEMAGNETIZATION . 22 12.1 Scope 22 12.2 Application 22 12.3 Demagnetlzatlon Services . 22 13 GA
16、MMA RAY WALL THICKNESS MEASUREMENT . 22 13.1 Scope 22 13.2 Appllcatlon 23 13.3 Equipment 23 13.4 Calibration and Standardization 23 13.5 Inspection Procedure . 23 14 ELECTROMAGNETIC GRADE COMPARISON 23 14.1 Scope . 23 14.2 Appllcatlon 23 14.3 Equipment . 23 14.4 Calibration and Standardization 23 14
17、.5 Inspection Procedure . 24 15 ULTRASONIC INSPECTION 24 15.1 Scope 24 15.2 Appllcatlon 24 15.3 General Procedures for Calibration, Standardization, and Inspection . 24 15.4 Ultrasonic Inspection of Pipe Welds (Um) 25 15.5 Inspection of the Pipe Body for Wall Thinning and Planar Imperfections (UTBL)
18、 26 15.6 Inspection of the Pipe Body for Longitudinal, Transverse, and Oblique Imperfections (UTBLTO) . 27 15.7 Inspection of Pipe Ends for Laminations (UTLE) 28 15.8 Manual Ultrasonic Thickness Gauging . 29 16 EVALUATION OF IMPERFECTIONS AND DEVIATIONS 30 16.1 Scope . 30 16.2 Application 30 16.3 Eq
19、uipment . 30 vi Page 16.4 Calibration and Standardization Procedures 30 16.5 Procedure for Evaluating Pipe Body Imperfections 31 16.6 Proccdure for Evaluating Welds . 32 16.7 Procedure for Evaluating Mill Grinds 33 16.8 Procedure for Evaluating Wall Reduction 33 16.10 Procedure for Evaluating Dents
20、34 16.1 1 Proccdure for Evaluating Hard Spots . 34 16.12 Procedure for Evaluating Arc Burns 34 16.13 Procedure for Evaluating Laminations and Inclusions 34 16 . I4 Procedure for Evaluating Bent Pipe . 35 16.15 Procedure for Evaluating Diameter 35 16.16 Procedure for Evaluating Bevel, Face, Taper, an
21、d Squareness 35 16.9 Procedure for Evaluating Subsurface Imperfections in Wclds 33 17 MARKING . 35 17.1 Scope . 35 17.2 Authority . 35 17.3 General Guidelines . 35 17.4 Marking of Prime Line Pipe . 36 17.5 Marking of Line Pipe with an Imperfection of Undetermined Depth . 36 17.7 Marking of Condition
22、able Line Pipc 36 17.6 Marking of Conditioned Line Pipe . 36 17.8 Marking of Nonconditionable Line Pipe 38 APPENDIX A-ORDERING INFORMATION 39 Figures I-Ultrasonic Reference Standard Example for Supplementary Practice 15.4.2.2.b 26 2-Inspection Marking of New Line Pipe 37 Tables I-Field Inspections A
23、vailable 1 2-Summary of New Line Pipe Inspection Identification Bands 36 Recommended Practice for Field Inspection of New Line Pipe 1 Scope and Application 1.1 BASIS FOR INSPECTION This document contains practices recommended for use in the inspection of new line pipe subsequent to production by the
24、 manufacturer. Appendix A contains ordering information for owners desiring to order inspection of new pipe per this document. The basis for performing an inspection may have its origin either in API Specification 5L or in a supplemental specification or contract prepared by the owner. The inspec- t
25、ions represented by the practices may be placed in one of three categories as follows: a. Inspections specified in API Specification 5L. b. Inspections specified as one of several options in API Specification 5L. c. Inspections not specified in API Specification 5L. 1.2 APPLICABILITY OF INSPECTIONS
26、1.2.1 Some of the practices contained in this recommended practice are applicable to pipe regardless of size or type. Other practices typically may have limited applicability. Table 1 indicates those inspections that are available in the field and covered by this recornmended practice in relation to
27、 pipe type. It is the owners responsibility to specify which inspections are to be used when completing the ordering information (see Appendix A) to accompany an inspection contract. 1.3 REPEATABILITY OF RESULTS 1.3.1 Sources of Variation Every inspection and measurement process is character- ized b
28、y an inherent variability of results. The nondestructive inspections and measurements included in this recommended practice are characterized by additional inherent variability attributable to the following factors: a. API Specification 5L permits options in the selection of practices to be used in
29、the inspection for specific attributes. b. Within a single practice, API Specification 5L permits options in the selection of calibration standards. c. Each manufacturer of nondestructive inspection systems uses different mechanical and electronic designs. d. Certain practices in this recommended pr
30、actice are based on operation of the system at high, and even maximum, sensi- tivity without the use of the reference standards specified in API Specification 5L. e. Within the performance capability of a single nondestruc- tive inspection system installation, there will not be perfect repeatability
31、 of results. f. API Specification 5L contains provisions for a number of uses of radiological inspection of double submerged arc welds (DSAW) pipe, which are neither contained nor specifi- cally referenced in this recommended practice. The possibil- ity exists that material classified as rejected us
32、ing practices in this recommended practice may have been inspected and classified prime by the manufacturer using radiological inspection or reinspection procedures in compliance with API Specification 5L. Table 1-Field Inspections Available PipeType (see Notes 2 and 3 below) Inspection (see Note 1
33、bclow) CW SMLS EW AW FLV I All All All All DBE All All All All Hardness All All All ALL FLMPIW N N.A. All All FLMPOW N N.A. All All FLMPl N All All All FLMPO N All All All EA1 All All All N EM1 EQ EQ EQ N Residual magnetism All All All All Gamma wall thickness N All All N Grade comparison N All All
34、N UTBL N All All N UTBLTO N EQ EQ N UTW N N.A. All All UTLE N All All All Hand-held UT gauging All All All All Note 1: Key to inspection abbreviations: DBE Diameter and bevel check. pipe ends EA 1 End area inspection EM1 Electromagnetic inspection FLMPI Full-length magnetic partcle, inside surface F
35、LMPIW Full-length magnetic particle, inside weld FLMPO Full-length magnetic particle. outside surface FLMPOW Full-length magnetic particle, outside weld UTBL Ultrasonic body larninations and wall thickness UTBLTO Ultrasonic body longitudinal, transverse, oblique UTLE UTW Ultrasonic lamination check,
36、 pipe ends Ultrasonic inspection, weld only FLV I Full-length visual lnspection Note 2: Key to pipe types: AW cw Arc-welded pipe EW Continuous-welded pipe (butt-welded) SMLS Electric-welded pipe Seamless pipe Note 3: Key to applicability of inspections: All Inspection may be applicable throughout th
37、e diameter range. N range subject to equipment limitations. Inspection usually is not applicable for this type pipe. N.A. Not applicable because there are no welds in seamless EQ Inspection may be applicable throughout the diameter pipe. 1 2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 5L8 1.4 CONSEQUENCES OF VARIABILI
38、TY 1.4.1 Disposition For any of the reasons given in 1.3. I, the results of field inspection may not duplicate corresponding inspections performed during manufacture. Variability within and among the results of practices contained in the recom- mended practice is to be expected. When field inspectio
39、n results in the classification of pipe as other than prime, it shall not be presumed that the material is defective until an evaluation has been performed in accordance with Section 16, to establish final disposition. 1.4.2 Responsibility For Rejections In some cases, a pipe inspected using practic
40、es described in this recommended practice may be classified as a reject, even though it was inspected in conformance with API Specification 5L and classified as an acceptable pipe in conformance with API Specification 5L by the manufacturer. Responsibility for a rejection shall be based on the accep
41、tance criteria contained in API Specification 5L or on an additional or more restrictive criteria previ- ously negotiated with the manufacturer. Under no circum- stances will the results of field nondestructive inspection stand alone as a basis for rejection without corroborating evidence that the m
42、aterial is properly classified as defec- tive based on the appropriate evaluation(s) performed in accordance with Section 16 of this recommended practice. In case disposition is disputed between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the provisions of H.4 of API Specifica- tion 5L shall apply. 2 Refere
43、nces This recommended practice includes by reference, either in total or in part, other API, industry standards listed below. The latest edition of these standards should be used unless otherwise noted below: API Spec 5L Bull 5T1 ASNT SNT-TC- 1 A ASTM E 110 Line Pipe Imperfection Terminology Personn
44、el Qual$cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materi- als by Portable Hardness Testers American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 4153 Arlingate Plaza, Columbus, Ohio 43228-051 8. American Society of Testing and Materials, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, West Co
45、nshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428. 3 Definition of Terms The following terms are frequently used in the field inspec- tion of new line pipe: 3.1 AC field: The active magnetic field produced by the use of alternating current. 3.2 agency: The entity contracted to inspect new line pipe using the methods a
46、nd criteria specified. 3.3 alternating current (AC): Current that reverses its direction of flow at regular intervals. 3.4 ampere (A or amp): A unit of electrical current. 3.5 ampere-turns (A-t): The product of the number of turns in a coil and the number of amperes of current flow- ing through it.
47、This is a measure of the magnetizing strength of the coil. For example: 800 amperes in a 6-turn coil = 4800 A-t. 3.6 angle beam: A term used to describe an angle of incidence or refraction other than normal to the surface of the test object. This includes shear waves and longitudinal (com- pression)
48、 waves. 3.7 API: American Petroleum Institute. 3.8 arcing: Current flow through a gap, often accompa- nied by intense heat and light. 3.9 artificial discontinuity: See reference reflector. 3.10 ASNT: American Society for Nondestructive Testing. 3.1 1 ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials.
49、 3.12 back reflection: In ultrasonic testing, the signal received from the back surface of the pipe wall. 3.1 3 backscatter: Secondary radiations resulting from the interaction between the primary gamma radiations from the source and the pipe wall. 3.14 bevel: On plain-end line pipe, the angle (excluding a right angle) to which the end is finished, measured from a line drawn perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. 3.15 bevel gauge: The term applied to any instrument which may be used to measure the pipe and bevel angle. Bevel gauges may be template-type gauges with fixed angles
