1、Recommended Practice for Diverter Systems Equipmentand OperationsAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 64 (RP 64)SECOND EDITION, NOVEMBER 2001REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2012Recommended Practice for Diverter Systems Equipmentand OperationsUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 64 (RP 64)SECOND EDITION, NOVEMBER 2001RE
2、AFFIRMED, JANUARY 2012SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers towar
3、n and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials an
4、d conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus
5、, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least everyfive years. Sometimes a one-ti
6、me extension of up to two years will be added to this reviewcycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Statusof the publication can be ascertained from the API Upst
7、ream Segment telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quar-terly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate notification and participation
8、in the developmental process and is designated as an APIstandard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developedshould be directed in writing to the general manager of the Upstream S
9、egment, AmericanPetroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permissionto reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also beaddressed to the general manager.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of prove
10、n, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from u
11、sing any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicablerequirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fa
12、ct conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher,
13、 API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2001 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis publication represents a composite of the practices employed by various operatingand drilling companies in drilling operations. In some cases, a reconciled composite of theva
14、rious practices employed by these companies was utilized. This publication is under juris-diction of the American Petroleum Institute, Upstream Departments Executive Committeeon Drilling and Production Operations.Drilling operations are being conducted with full regard for personnel safety, publicsa
15、fety, and preservation of the environment in such diverse conditions as metropolitan sites,wilderness areas, ocean platforms, deepwater sites, barren deserts, wildlife refuges, and arc-tic ice packs. Recommendations presented in this publication are based on extensive andwide-ranging industry experi
16、ence.The goal of this voluntary recommended practice is to assist the oil and gas industry inpromoting personnel and public safety, integrity of the drilling equipment, and preservationof the environment for land and marine drilling operations. This recommended practice ispublished to facilitate the
17、 broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. This publication does not present all of the operating practices that can beemployed to successfully install and operate diverter systems in drilling operations. Practicesset forth herein are considered acceptable for accomplis
18、hing the job as described; equivalentalternative installations and practices may be utilized to accomplish the same objectives.Individuals and organizations using this recommended practice are cautioned that operationsmust comply with requirements of national, state, or local regulations. These requ
19、irementsshould be reviewed to determine whether violations may occur.The formulation and publication of API recommended practices is not intended, in anyway, to inhibit anyone from using other practices. Every effort has been made by API toassure the accuracy and reliability of data contained in thi
20、s publication. However, the Insti-tute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with the publication ofthese recommended practices and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibilityfor loss or damage resulting from use or applications hereunder or for violation of an
21、ynational, state, or local regulations with which the contents may conflict.Users of recommendations set forth herein are reminded that constantly developing tech-nology and specialized or limited operations do not permit complete coverage of all opera-tions and alternatives. Recommendations present
22、ed herein are not intended to inhibitdeveloping technology and equipment improvements or improved operational procedures.This recommended practice is not intended to obviate the need for qualified engineering andoperations analyses and sound judgments as to when and where this recommended practicesh
23、ould be utilized to fit a specific drilling application.This publication includes use of the verbs shall and should; whichever is deemed mostapplicable for the specific situation. For the purposes of this publication, the following defi-nitions are applicable:Shall: Indicates that the recommended pr
24、actice(s) has universal applicability to that spe-cific activity.Should: Denotes a recommended practice(s) a) Where a safe comparable alternative prac-tice(s) is available; b) that may be impractical under certain circumstances; or c) that may beunnecessary under certain circumstances or application
25、s.Changes in the uses of these verbs are not to be effected without risk of changing theintent of recommendations set forth herein.iiiAPI publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in t
26、hem; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any national, state, or municipal regulation with which thispu
27、blication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the general manager of theUpstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.20005.ivCONTENTSPage1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Well Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、11.3 Deepwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 Low Temperature Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 D
31、efinitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 DIVERTER SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 Components of Diverter Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.3 Divert
33、er System Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.4 Guidelines for Use of Diverter Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 DIVERTER SYSTEMS DESIGN AND COMPONENT CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . 65.1 General . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 Annular Packing Element Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.3 Hydrogen Sulfide Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.4 Mounting of Diverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.5 Vent Outlet(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.6 Diverter Valves . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.7 Diverter Piping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.8 Control System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.9 Control System Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 ONSHORE AND/OR BOTTOM-SUPPORTED MARINE DRILLING OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.2 Diverter Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.3 Specialized On
39、shore and/or Bottom-supported Marine Drilling Operations. . . 177 DIVERTER SYSTEMS ON FLOATING DRILLING OPERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . 177.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.2 Criteria for Diverter Systems
40、in Floating Drilling Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217.3 Diverter Installation on a Floating Rig with a Marine Riser System . . . . . . . . . 237.4 Diverter Piping Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237.5 Installation of Vent Li
41、nes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237.6 Auxiliary Equipment Applicable Only to Floating Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 RECOMMENDED DIVERTER OPERATING PROCEDURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248.2 Advance Planning and Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248.3 Training and Instruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、 . . . . . . . . 328.4 Drilling Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33vPage9 DIVERTER SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359.2 Diverter System Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359.3 Manufacturers Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359.
45、4 Materials, Equipment, and Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35APPENDIX A SHALLOW GAS WELL CONTROL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Figures5.1 Example Diverter with Annular Packing Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、 . . . 85.2 Example Diverter with Insert-type Packer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.3 Example Diverter with Rotating Stripper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.4 Example Simplified Diverter Control System Schematic (Automatic Sequ
47、encing) Shown in Open Position. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.5 Example Diverter SystemsIntegral Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.1 Example Diverter SystemOpen Flow System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.2 Example Diverter
48、 SystemManual Selective Flow System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.3 Example Diverter SystemControl Sequenced Flow System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.4 Example Diverter SystemControl Sequenced Flow System with Auxiliary Vent Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.5 Example Diverter SystemSour Gas/Gas-cut Drilling Fluid Drilling Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206.6 Example Diverter SystemAir/Gas Drilling Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206.7 Example Diverter System for Bottom-supported Marine Operations . . . . . . . . . . 216.8 Example Diverter System for Bottom-supported Offshore Operations(Illustrating Valves in Vent Lines). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
