1、Recommended Practice for Installation, Maintenance, andOperation of Internal-CombustionEnginesAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 7C-11FFIFTH EDITION, NOVEMBER 1, 1994REAFFIRMED: APRIL 2008Recommended Practice for Installation, Maintenance, and Operation of Internal-CombustionEnginesExploration and Production
2、DepartmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 7C-11FFIFTH EDITION, NOVEMBER 1, 1994REAFFIRMED: APRIL 2008API RP*7C-LLF 7Y 0732270 0538675 787 = SPECIAL NOTES API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to par- ticular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulat
3、ions should be reviewed. API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or federal
4、laws. Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet. Nothing contained in any API publication is to be co
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6、 Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reamed, or withdrawn at least ev- ery five years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this re- view cycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as an operative API standar
7、d or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Authoring Department telephone (214) 953-1 1011. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and up- dated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington,
8、 D.C. 20005. This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appro- priate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or comments and questions c
9、oncerning the procedures under which this standard was devel- oped should be directed in writing to the director of the Exploration and Production Depart- ment, American Petroleum Institute, 700 North Pearl, Suite 1840, Dallas, Texas 75201. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or an
10、y part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation
11、, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this pub- lication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage re- sulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict. API standards are pu
12、blished to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer- ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API standa
13、rds is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices. Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking re- quirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not r
14、epresent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod- ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard. Copyright 8 1994 American Petroleum institute API RP*7C-LLF 94 = 0732270 0538676 813 CONTENTS Page SCOPE . 1.1 1.2 . 1.3 . 1.4 GENERAL 2.1 Mounting 2.2 Levelling 2.3 Alignment 2.4 Flexible Couplin
15、gs . 2.5 Sheaves, Bearings, and Clutch Shafts 2.6 Engine Exhaust 2.7 Protection Against Weather . 2.8 Engine Cooling System 2.9 Cooling Air 2.10 Fuel System 2.1 1 Battery Starting Systems 2.12 Gas Starters . . 2.13 Control Equipment and Safety Devices . 2.14 Loading or Unloading 2.15 Fires and/or Ex
16、plosions DRILLING OR OTHER LARGE INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES 3.1 Engine-Flywheel Alignment 3.2 Diesel-Engine Fuel-Pump Lines 3.3 Elevation of Diesel Fuel Tank MULTIPLE-CYLINDER PUMPING ENGINES . 4.1 Wet Stacking 4.2 Design of V-Belt Drive 4.3 Inspection Prior to Starting 5.1 Foundation . 5.2 Gas Vol
17、ume Tank and Fuel Connection . 5.3 Exhaust Lines . GENERAL MAINTENANCE 6.1 Daily Inspection . 6.2 Weekly Inspection 6.3 Monthly Inspection SINGLE-CYLINDER AND TWO-CYLINDER PUMPING ENGINES . DRILLING OR OTHER LARGE INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES 7.1 Daily Inspection . 7.2 Weekly Inspection 7.3 Monthly I
18、nspection PUMPING ENGINES . 8.1 Daily Inspection . 8.2 Weekly Inspection 8.3 Monthly Inspection 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 iii API RP*7C-LLF 94 D 0732290 O538677 75T M 9 OPERATING TROUBLES AND THEIR CAUSES . 7 9.1 Gas-Gasoline Engines 7
19、9.2 Diesel Engines . 9 FIRES AND/OR EXPLOSIONS IN THE OPERATION OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES . 13 VS. LOAD CURVES FOR NATURALLY ASPIRATED INTERNAL- COMBUSTION ENGINES 17 APPENDIX A-RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR MINIMIZING POTENTIAL APPENDIX B-RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR USE OF INTAKE VACUUM Figure R-1-Int
20、ake Vacuum vs. Load Curves 17 e iv API RP*C-LLF 74 W O732290 0538678 bb m FOREWORD This recommended practice is under the jurisdiction of the MI Committee on Standard- ization of Production Equipment. A related specification issued by the Division of Production, American Petroleum Insti- tute, is: “
21、Spec7B-l1C Specification for Internal-Combustion Reciprocating Engines for Oil-Field Service”. It covers methods of testing and rating internal-combustion reciprocat- ing engines for application to specific oil-field service. This standard shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but
22、may be used voluntarily from the date of distribution. V API RP*7C-LLF 94 0 0732290 0538677 522 Recommended Practice for Installation, Maintenance, and Operation of Internal-Combustion Engines 1 Scope 1 .I The purpose of this recommended practice for instal- lation, maintenance, and operation of int
23、ernal-combustion engines is threefold, viz.: a. To present information of a general nature pertaining to their installation and to emphasize installation recommenda- tions for specific types of service, observation of which is of- ten overlooked. b. To present maintenance check-off lists for daily,
24、weekly, and monthly maintenance of such engines. c. To present trouble-shooting recommendations with which the causes of most common engine troubles can be deter- mined. This publication does not purport to be a detailed in- struction manual; and, in cases where additional information is required on
25、 a particular piece of equipment, the manufac- turer should be consulted. 1.2 To present (see Appendix A) recommendations for minimizing potential fires andor explosions. 1.3 The information presented under installation and maintenance has been classified as: a. Applicable generally to all types of
26、internal-combustion engines in all types of service. b. Particularly applicable to engines in drilling or semi- portable plant service. 1.4 Particularly applicable to engines in oil-well pumping, oil-pump, or similar service where the engines may or may not be under daily observation. Both multiple-
27、cylinder and single- or two-cylinder engines are considered in the latter category. 2 General 2.1 MOUNTING Ali engines should have solid vibration-free mounting. In- stallation of box-base type engines without full-length sup- port of the base is not desirable. Shims or other precision methods shoul
28、d be used to avoid uneven support and distor- tion of the engine structure. 2.2 LEVELLING Engines, particularly the box-base type, should be as level as possible. should comply with the recommendations of the manufac- turer for both the engine and the driven equipment. Before aligning, both engine f
29、lywheel and flywheel housing, as well as the driven equipment, should be checked for runout result- ing from handling or service. 2.4 FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS In the initial installation of equipment, flexible couplings should be used when checking the correct belt tension and the gap between shafts. 2.5
30、SHEAVES, BEARINGS, AND CLUTCH SHAFTS Drive pulleys should be mounted as close to the engine as possible. This places the load near the clutch main bearing and tends to reduce the side-pull load on the bearings. Heavy tools should not be used to drive sheaves or similar equip- ment on the clutch shaf
31、ts. Such procedure can damage bear- ings and cause difficulty in the removal of sheaves. Caution should be exercised in installing excessively large-diameter or heavy drive pulleys. The recommendations of the manu- facturer for such installation should be carefully followed. 2.6 ENGINE EXHAUST Each
32、engine-exhaust system should be of sufficient size that back pressure at the engines does not exceed that recom- mended by the manufacturer, and each engine should have a separate exhaust. It is required to include in the exhaust pip- ing a short section of flexible tubing for vibration isolation, t
33、hermal expansion, and ease of alignment on installation. Ex- haust piping should be independently supported to prevent damage to the engine. Care should be exercised to prevent welding slag or any foreign material from entering the en- gine during installation. Do not connect exhaust from several en
34、gines to a common header. All exhaust systems should be protected against water entry and a suitable trap and drain provided to prevent condensate from returning to the engine. 2.7 PROTECTION AGAINST WEATHER Proper protection against weather should be provided dur- ing storage or installation. For s
35、torage longer than a few days, use the protective materials and methods recom- mended by the engine manufacturer. 2.8 ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM Only clean water, soft or treated, should be used in the en- 1 API RP+7C-LLF 94 m 0732290 0538680 244 2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 7C-11 F be considered. Consult
36、manufacturers recommendations for appropriate inhibitors. Provide and mark suitable system drains. Unless anti-freeze is to be used, drain complete sys- tem including air intercoolers and intercooler circulating lines in cold weather. All water system piping should comply with engine builders size r
37、ecommendations. Provide suit- able vents at high points in system. 2.9 COOLING AIR Engines should be oriented to take advantage of prevailing winds. Suction or blower fans should be used as best suited to conditions. When engines are installed inside buildings, sufficient openings should be provided
38、 for the intake and ex- haust of cooling air. Any danger of recirculating the cooling air should be eliminated by the use of ducts. Where ther- mally actuated cooling-water control valves are used, the capillary tubing should be as short as practical in order to prevent interference from outside tem
39、perature sources. 2.10 FUEL SYSTEM When installing fuel piping, all foreign material should be removed from lines before they are connected to the engine. Lines of adequate size should be installed and adherence to safety codes should be observed. Adequate strainers and liq- uid traps should be prov
40、ided in the fuel system. It is desirable to include a section of flexible tubing for vibration isolation. Non-restricting shut-off valves should be provided in the fuel lines immediately adjacent to the engine. Gas regulators and their orifices and springs should comply with the engine builders reco
41、mmendations. 2.1 1 BATTERY STARTING SYSTEMS The battery should be installed in a clean, cool, accessible, and vibration-free location, which is as close to the starting motor as practicable. Before installation, the battery should be checked for correct polarity. 2.1 2 GAS STARTERS Where gas starter
42、s are used, exhaust gas should be piped a safe distance from the engine. 2.13 CONTROL EQUIPMENT AND SAFETY DEVICES Consideration should be given to the use of engine tem- perature-control equipment and to the use of safety devices such as low oil-pressure and high-temperature cutoffs. Such devices s
43、hould be operable and not blocked out. 2.14 LOADING OR UNLOADING Engines can suffer twisted frames or other harm from careless handling. During loading and unloading operations, adequate tools for skidding, or non-crushing slings should be used to prevent such damage. Lifting by winch lines hooked a
44、round the engine is not recommended. Jacking or pushing against the vibration damper or flywheel can cause severe damage. Always check runout after moving engine to new location. 2.15 FIRES AND/OR EXPLOSIONS Consideration should be given to minimize potential fires and/or explosions. See Appendix A
45、for recommendations. 3 Drilling or Other Large Internal- Combustion Engines 3.1 ENGINE-FLYWHEEL ALIGNMENT When open-type air clutches are used, the alignment of the engine flywheel with the clutch is very important since misalignment can result in severe damage to the engine. 3.2 DIESEL-ENGINE FUEL-
46、PUMP LINES In order to eliminate the possibility of air locking the fuel pump, diesel-engine fuel-pump overflow and leakage lines should be returned to the fuel tank and not piped directly back into the pump suction. The return area must be properly baffled and vented to permit escape of vapor and a
47、ir. Also, the return should be directed against a baffle or in a manner which avoids continuous agitation of the fuel in the tank. In- jector return fuel may require cooling prior to return to fuel tank. 3.3 ELEVATION OF DIESEL FUEL TANK The elevation of the diesel fuel tank should be in accor- danc
48、e with the recommendations of the engine manufacturer. 4 Multiple-Cylinder Pumping Engines 4.1 WET STACKING Unburned diesel fuel may accumulate in the exhaust sys- tem if the load on the engine is reduced below a minimum design point. This condition known as wet stacking should be considered when si
49、zing a diesel-engine in accordance with recommendations from the engine manufacturer. 4.2 DESIGN OF V-BELT DRIVE Care should be exercised to design the V-belt drive for the probable engine speed range. 4.3 INSPECTION PRIOR TO STARTING New pumping engine installations should be inspected by a competent mechanic prior to starting. API RPx7C-LLF 94 m 0732290 0.538683 380 m RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, AND OPERATION OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES 3 5 Single-Cylinder and Two-Cylinder Pumping Engines 5.1 FOUNDATION Generally, a heavier, more rigid foundation is requ
