1、Specification for Oil and Gas SeparatorsAPI SPECIFICATION 12J EIGHTH EDITION, OCTOBER 2008EFFECTIVE DATE: APRIL 1, 2009Specification for Oil and Gas SeparatorsUpstream SegmentAPI SPECIFICATION 12J EIGHTH EDITION, OCTOBER 2008EFFECTIVE DATE: APRIL 1, 2009Special NotesAPI publications necessarily addr
2、ess problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or impl
3、ied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, c
4、onsultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, th
5、e Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflic
6、t.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation
7、and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of
8、that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, o
9、r otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2008 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by impli
10、cation or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denot
11、es a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specification. This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropria
12、te notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing
13、 to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, rea
14、ffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and
15、updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Compliance .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 ASME Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 Corrosion Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 Type, Size, Pressure
21、and Temperature Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 Process Design and Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 Design Checklist
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 Sample Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . 35 Fabrication, Testing, and Painting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 Painting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 Internal Coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 Preparation for Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 API Nameplate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.2 ASME
27、Code Nameplate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 Stamping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Inspection and Rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1 ASME Code Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 Inspection Notice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 Inspection by Purchaser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 Rejection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Annex A (informative) Process Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Annex B (informative) Corros
32、ion Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Annex C (informative) Design and Sizing Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Annex D (normative) Separator
33、 Sizing Example Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Annex E (informative) Separator Design Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Annex F (informative) Use of the API Mono
34、gram by Licensees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Figures1 Separator Nameplate
35、 Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5A.1 Two-phase Separator Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9A.2 Two-phase
36、 Separator Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10vPageTables1 Horizontal Separators Size and Working Pressure Ratings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Vertical Separa
37、tors Size and Working Pressure Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Spherical Separators Size and Working Pressure Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4C.1 K-factors for Determining Maximum Allowabl
38、e Superficial Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13vi1Specification for Oil and Gas Separators1 Scope1.1 GeneralThis specification covers minimum requirements for the design, fabrication, and shop testing of oil-field type oil and gas separators and/or oil-gas-water s
39、eparators used in the production of oil and/or gas, and usually located but not limited to some point on the producing flowline between the wellhead and pipeline. Separators covered by this specification may be vertical, spherical, or single or double barrel horizontal. Unless otherwise agreed upon
40、between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the jurisdiction of this specification terminates with the pressure vessel as defined in the Scope of Section VIII, Division 1 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, hereinafter referred to as the ASME Code. Pressure vessels covered by this specifica
41、tion are normally classified as natural resource vessels by API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code. Separators outside the scope of this specification include centrifugal separators, filter separators, and de-sanding separators.1.2 ComplianceAny manufacturer producing equipment or materials repres
42、ented as conforming with an API specification is responsible for complying with all the provisions of that specification. API does not represent, warrant or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard or specification.2 DefinitionsThe separation of gas and liquids
43、primarily relies on physical differences in the phases. This section covers mechanical separation of liquids and gases. A separator vessel may be referred to as a knockout, trap, scrubber, flash chamber, or expansion vessel as well as the original term. This terminology is applied regardless of shap
44、e. Generally, the following definitions are regarded as basic.2.1corrosionThe destruction of a metal by chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment (see Annex B).2.2free water knockoutA type of separator vessel used to separate free water from a flow stream of gas, oil, and water.NOTE
45、The gas and oil usually leave the vessel through the same outlet to be processed by other equipment. The water is removed for disposal. 2.3maximum allowable working pressureMAWPThe maximum pressure, permissible by the ASME Code, at the top of the separator in its normal operating position for a desi
46、gnated temperature. 2.4operating pressureThe pressure in the vessel during normal operation, not to exceed the MAWP, and usually kept at a suitable level below the setting of the pressure relieving devices to prevent frequent opening (see Annex A).2API SPECIFICATION 12J2.5scrubberA type of separator
47、 which has been designed to handle flow streams with unusually high gas-to-liquid ratios, commonly used in conjunction with dehydrators, extraction plants, instruments, or compressors for protection from entrained liquids.2.6separatorA vessel used in the field to remove wellstream liquid(s) from gas
48、 components that may be either two-phase which remove the total liquid from the gas or three-phase which also remove free water from the hydrocarbon liquid. 2.7total liquid knockoutA type of separator vessel used to remove the combined liquids from a gas stream.3 Material3.1 ASME CodeSeparators furn
49、ished to this specification shall conform to the material requirements stipulated in the latest edition of the ASME Code.3.2 SelectionMaterial selection for corrosive fluids should be selected based on a review of related API or NACE publications for materials that conform to 3.1. Consideration should be given to material selection as it relates to weight loss, sulphide stress cracking, chloride stress cracking, or other forms of corrosion. It is the responsibility of the user to determine what consideration for corrosion should be made to the vessel during its intended life (reference A
