1、Recommended Practice on Subsea Equipment QualificationAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 17Q SECOND EDITION, MAY 2018Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neith
2、er API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for a
3、ny use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used b
4、y anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or res
5、ponsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are
6、not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment
7、or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserv
8、ed. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Wa
9、shington, DC 20005.Copyright 2018 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anyth
10、ing contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.The verbal forms used to express the provisions in this document are as follows:Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the standar
11、d.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the standard.May: As used in a standard, “may” denotes a course of action permissible within the limits of a standard.Can: As used in a standard, “can” denotes a statem
12、ent of possibility or capability.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or com
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14、l published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Stan
15、dards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsap
16、i.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Document Outline and Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 Process Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 Equipment Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.3 Supplier and End User Role in Qualification Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Qualification Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 Overall Qualification Pr
22、ogram Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 Requirements Planning (STEP 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.4 Technology Maturity
23、 Assessment (STEP 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.5 Qualification Program Selection (STEP 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.6 Qualification Failure Mo
24、des, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (Q-FMECA)(STEP 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.7 Qualification Plan (STEP 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.8 Qualification Execution (STEP 6). . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175.9 Results Evaluation and Residual Risk/Uncertainty (STEP 7). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.10 Implement Improvements and Modifications (STEP 8).
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.11 Qualification Assurance (STEP 9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.12 End User Qualification Process (TRL 57) (STEP 10) . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Assessing Technology Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256.1 Technology Readiness Levels (TRL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256.2 Performing the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256.3 Risks in Advancement of Technology Readiness Level (TRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Annex A (informative) Statistical Analysis of Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Annex B (informative) Example Technology Maturity Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . 41Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Figures1 Example of Technology Development Link to End User Application/Project Development . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . 62 Overall Process for Qualification Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 TRC/TRL Correlation Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . 124 Top Down System Hierarchy and Bottom Up TRL Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 TRL Assessment Question Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30A.1 Weibull Probability P
33、lot with 2-sided 90 % Confidence Interval (Data from Table A.1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33A.2 Results of Example at 50 % Confidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37B.1 Diagram of a Vertical Xmas Tree with Key . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41B.2 System Breakdown Example for 15K 350F VXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42B.3 Component Breakdown Example for 5“ Gate Valve . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Tables1 TRL Definition, Descriptions, Supporting Information, and Achieved Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26vContentsPageA.1 Example of Sorted Failure Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31A.2 Confidence Levels vs Chi-Square Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34B.1 Technology Maturity Assessment for a Gate Valve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43B.2 Technology Maturity Assessment for a Connector Gasket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431Recommended Practice on Subsea Equipment Qualification1 ScopeThis recommended practice (RP) provides suppliers, c
38、ontractors, and operators with process-level guidance to qualify equipment intended for use in subsea applications. This document is intended to provide high-level guidance only, so that the industry will have a common set of principles to follow for equipment qualification. It is not intended to re
39、place existing company processes or procedures. The application of this recommended practice is dependent on the stakeholder companies (qualifier and end user) accepting its use. Although developed for application to subsea equipment, the process described by the RP can be applied to non-subsea equi
40、pment as well.2 Normative ReferencesThe following referenced documents are required for the application of this recommended practice. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies:API RP
41、17N, Recommended Practice on Subsea Production System Reliability, Technical Risk, and Integrity Management, 2nd Edition (2017)3 Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations3.1 Terms and DefinitionsFor the purposes of this recommended practice, the following terms and definitions apply:3.1.1 comp
42、onentCollection of subcomponents which when brought together function as a unit. (e.g. connector, gate valve, pressure transducers).3.1.2 cut setUnique combination of component failures that can cause a system failure. NOTE A system can have multiple, different cut sets.3.1.3 environmentInternal, ex
43、ternal, and operational conditions to which equipment is exposed.NOTE This includes physical, chemical, biological, and usage conditions (i.e. seawater environment, water depth, seabed conditions, reservoir conditions, pressure, temperature, etc.).3.1.4 failure modeEffect by which a failure is obser
44、ved on the failed item (i.e. the loss of a required functionality; e.g. the loss of containment).3.1.5 field provenTechnology or equipment that has been through the entire qualification process and is classified as TRL 7. NOTE See Table 1 for the definition of TRL 7.2API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 17Q3.1.
45、6 first articleFirst of a product produced using the “normal processes” as will be used to make multiple numbers of the same product.3.1.7 hazard rateInstantaneous failure rate of a component. NOTE When the hazard rate is constant, the hazard rate = failure rate.3.1.8 limit stateState beyond which a
46、n item no longer satisfies the requirements.NOTE The following categories of limit states are of relevance for structures: ULS = ultimate limit states, FLS = fatigue limit states, ALS = accidental limit states, SLS = serviceability limit states.3.1.9 prototypeTrial product produced to test a concept
47、 or process.3.1.10 production modelProduct manufactured using the “normal processes” and intended for normal use.3.1.11 qualificationProcess of confirming, by examination and provision of evidence, that equipment meets the specified requirements for the intended use; the combination of verification
48、and validation activities.3.1.12 qualification FMECA Q-FMECAIntegrated FMECA with the purpose of identifying and prioritizing qualification activities for a technology (see 5.6).3.1.13 specification Document in which function, performance, design, and operating requirements are defined, together wit
49、h associated reliability and integrity goals and requirements.3.1.14 standard qualification programSQPQualification program that uses qualification activities prescribed within existing standards applicable to the technology (see 5.4).3.1.15 technologyComponent, product, physical process, or system used to perform specific functions and/or to achieve specific goals.RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ON SUBSEA EQUIPMENT QUALIFICATION 33.1.16 technology qualification programTQPQualification program that utilizes a Q-FMECA to identify qualification activities necessary to qualify the technology in l
