1、Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, and Constructing Heliports for Fixed Offshore PlatformsAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 2LFOURTH EDITION, MAY 1996EFFECTIVE DATE: JUNE 1, 1996REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2012Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, and Constructing Heliportsfor Fixed Offshore Platf
2、ormsUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 2LFOURTH EDITION, MAY 1996EFFECTIVE DATE: JUNE 1, 1996REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2012SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to par-ticular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should
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12、ad availability of proven, sound engi-neering and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need forapplying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards shouldbe utilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way t
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15、ontact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 1996 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis recommended practice provides a basis for planning, designing, and constructingheliports for fixed offshore platforms. This recommended practice does not
16、 propose a“standard” heliport, but recommends basic criteria to be considered in the design of futureheliports. It is not to be construed as being applicable to existing heliports.Metric conversions of British Imperial Units are provided throughout the text of thepublication in parenthesis, for exam
17、ple, 6 inches (152 millimeters). Most of the convertedvalues have been rounded off for practical purposes; however, precise conversions havebeen used where safety and technical considerations dictate. In case of dispute, the BritishImperial Units should govern.API publications may be used by anyone
18、desiring to do so. Every effort has been madeby the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; how-ever, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with thispublication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibilit
19、y for loss or dam-age resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulationwith which this publication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the director of the Explora-tion and Production Department, American Petroleum Institute
20、, 1220 L Street, N.W.,Washington, D.C. 20005.iiiCONTENTSPage1 SCOPE 12 REFERENCES. 12.1 Standards . 12.2 Other References . 13 DEFINITIONS . 14 PLANNING 24.1 General 24.2 Helicopter Selection 24.3 Operational Considerations . 24.3.1 Function . 24.3.2 Location . 24.3.2.1 Approach Departure Zone . 24.
21、3.2.2 Obstruction Free Zone . 24.3.3 Size. 24.3.4 Orientation . 24.3.5 Access and Egress 24.3.6 Fire Protection 34.3.7 Air Turbulence . 34.3.8 Heliport Equipment 54.3.9 Material Handling 54.3.10 Drainage. 54.3.11 Maintenance. 54.3.12 Environmental Consideration 65 DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR OFFSHORE HELI
22、PORTS 65.1 General 65.2 Design Load. 65.2.1 Dead Weight. 65.2.2 Live Load. 65.2.3 Wind Load . 65.2.4 Helicopter Landing Load Considerations 65.2.4.1 General 65.2.4.2 Contact Area 65.2.4.3 Load Distribution 65.2.4.4 Design Landing Load 65.3 Design Load Conditions 65.4 Installation . 65.5 Material 65.
23、6 Flight Deck Surface. 65.7 Access and Egress Route. 95.8 Safety Net and Self 95.9 Tiedown Points 95.10 Lighting . 95.11 Heliport Markings . 95.11.1 General. 9v5.11.2 Limitation Markings 95.11.3 Obstruction Marking 105.11.4 Closed Heliport 125.12 Drawings, Specifications and Construction. 126 SAFETY
24、 CONSIDERATIONS 126.1 Fueling Stations. 126.2 Wind Direction Indicator. 136.3 Fire Protection Equipment. 137 APPLICABLE REGULATIONS . 13Figures1Flight Deck Approach/Departure Zone. 32Recommended Size Heliport 43Multi-Helicopter Heliport Minimum Clearance. 54Heliport Marking Scheme. 105Marking for Ma
25、in Rotor Blade Obstruction . 116Marking for Tail Rotor Blade Obstruction 127Marking for Landing Gear Obstruction 13Tables 1Helicopter Parameters. 7viRECOMMENDEDPRACTICE FORPLANNING, DESIGNING, ANDCONSTRUCTINGHELIPORTS FORFIXED OFFSHOREPLATFORMS11 ScopeThis recommended practice provides a guide for p
26、lan-ning, designing, and constructing heliports for fixed off-shore platforms. It includes operational considerationguidelines, design load criteria, heliport size, marking recom-mendations, and other heliport design recommendations.2 References2.1 STANDARDSThe following publications and recommended
27、 practicesare cited herein. The most recent edition shall be used,unless otherwise specified.API RP 2ARecommended Practice for Planning,Designing and Constructing FixedOffshore PlatformsFAA1AC 150/53901BFederal Aviation AdministrationHelicopter Design Guide.OSHA233Code of Federal Regulations, Chapte
28、r N, Parts 1401462.2 OTHER REFERENCESLDOT3Offshore Heliport Design Guide3 DefinitionsFor the purpose of this standard, the following definitionsapply.3.1 approach and departure obstruction:Anyobject which protrudes above the 8 to 1 clearance planefrom the edge of the ground cushion area.3.2 approach
29、 and departure zone:A clear zoneavailable for flight of a helicopter as it approaches or departsfrom the heliports designated takeoff and landing area. 3.3 fixed offshore platform:A platform extendingabove and supported by the sea bed by means of piling,spread footings, or other means with the inten
30、ded purposeof remaining stationary over an extended period. 3.4 flight deck:Flight deck area is the portion of a heli-port surface provided for helicopter takeoff and landing. 3.5 gross weight:Gross weight is defined as the certi-fied maximum takeoff weight of the helicopter for which theheliport is
31、 designed to accommodate. 3.6 ground cushion:An improvement in flight capabil-ity that develops whenever the helicopter flies or hoversnear the heliport or other surface. It results from the cushionof denser air built up between the surface and helicopter bythe air displaced downward by the rotor. 3
32、.7 ground cushion area:Ground cushion area is thesolid portion of a heliport surface provided for properground cushion effect. This area may be only the flight deckor the flight deck plus its perimeter safety shelf. 3.8 helicopter:A rotary wing aircraft which dependsprincipally for its support and m
33、otion in the air upon the liftgenerated by one or more power-driven rotors, rotating onsubstantially vertical axes. 3.9 heliport:An area on a structure used for the landingand takeoff of helicopters and which includes some or all ofthe various facilities useful to helicopter operation, such asparkin
34、g, tiedown, fueling, maintenance, and so forth. 3.10 hover:A flight characteristic peculiar to helicopterswhich enables them to remain stationary above a fixed point. 3.11 multi-helicopter heliport:A heliport designedfor use by more than one helicopter at any one time. 3.12 overall helicopter length
35、:The overall length ofa helicopter is the distance from the tip of the main rotorblade to the tip of the tail rotor when the rotor blades arealigned along the longitudinal axis of the helicopter. Simi-larly, for a tandem rotor helicopter, the overall length isfrom the tip of the front main rotor to
36、the tip of the rear mainrotor. Herein the overall length is referred to as OL. 3.13 rotor diameter:Rotor diameter is the diameter ofa circle made by the rotor blades while rotating. Herein themain rotor diameter is referred to as RD. 3.14 safety net:A safety net is a netting section aroundthe perime
37、ter of the flight deck used for personnel safety,and is normally provided in lieu of a safety shelf where theflight deck alone provides ground cushion effect. 1Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, S.W., Wash-ington, DC 20591. Note: The FAA booklet sets forth recommendationsfor t
38、he design, marking, and use of heliports for fixed offshore platforms.2Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.The Code of Federal Regulations is available from the U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, DC 20402.3Louisiana Department of Transportation and Develo
39、pment, P.O. Box94245, Baton Rouge, LA 70804-9245.Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, and Constructing Heliports for Fixed Offshore Platforms12 API RECOMMENDEDPRACTICE2L3.15 safety shelf:A safety shelf is a section of solid con-struction around the perimeter of the flight deck used for safe
40、tyof personnel, and may be included in the ground cushion area. 4 Planning4.1 GENERAL4.1.1This section serves as a guide for the design andconstruction of heliports on offshore platforms. Adequateplanning should be performed before actual design is startedin order to obtain a safe and practical heli
41、port with which toaccomplish the design objective. Initial planning shouldinclude all criteria pertaining to the design of the heliport.The safety departments of the helicopter companies canprovide valuable assistance during the planning phase. 4.1.2In planning the heliport, consideration should beg
42、iven to the helicopters gross weight, landing load distribu-tion, rotor diameter, overall length, and landing gear config-uration, as well as ground cushion area and the number ofhelicopters to be accommodated by the heliport. 4.1.3Design criteria presented herein include operationalrequirements, sa
43、fety considerations, and environmentalaspects which could affect the design of the heliport. 4.2 HELICOPTER SELECTIONConsiderations for selecting the helicopter for heliportdesign are: a. Distance from onshore staging areas or helicopter bases. b. Proximity to other offshore heliports, on either sat
44、ellitestructures or adjacent field structures. c. Status as to whether the platform is manned or unmannedand with or without living quarters. d. Helicopter transportation requirement for the platform. e. Crew change requirements. f. Night helicopter needs, whether routine service, medicalremoval, or
45、 emergency evacuation. g. Environmental conditions. 4.3 OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONSThe following are the operational considerations:4.3.1 FunctionThe function of the heliport should be classified as eithersingle-helicopter or multi-helicopter operation although aheliport designed for one large helico
46、pter may accommo-date two smaller helicopters if the minimum clearancerequirements are met. 4.3.2 LocationBefore final location of the heliport is selected, obstruc-tion clearances, personnel safety, and environmental condi-tions, as well as proximity of the approach-departure zoneto flammable mater
47、ials, engine exhaust, and cooler dis-charge should be considered. For clearance from obstruc-tions the following should be considered: 4.3.2.1 Approach-Departure ZoneThis zone should be free from obstruction for at least 180degrees beginning at the base of the ground cushion areaand extending outwar
48、d and upward on an 8 to 1 slope (8 out-ward to 1 upward). See Figure 1. For design considerations, aproperly parked helicopter on a multi-helicopter heliport doesnot constitute an approach and departure obstruction. 4.3.2.2 Obstruction Free ZoneThis zone should include an area outward to one-third R
49、Dgreater than diameter OL and also should extend one-third RDbeyond the edge of the approach and departure zone. See Figure 1.4.3.3 SizeHeliport size should depend on platform configurationand equipment arrangement, platform orientation, obstruc-tion clearances, the selected helicopters to be utilized, andprevailing environmental conditions. The heliport groundcushion area should cover a circle of at least one main rotordiameter for helicopters operating at maximum grossweight. See Figure 2. For tandem rotor helicopters, or inharsh environmental areas (such as the Gu
