1、Recommended Practice for Care and Use of Casing and TubingAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 5C1EIGHTEENTH EDITION, MAY 1999REAFFIRMED, MAY 2015Recommended Practice for Care andUse of Casing and TubingUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 5C1EIGHTEENTH EDITION, MAY 1999REAFFIRMED, MAY 2015SPECIAL NOTESAPI
2、publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their em
3、ployees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from th
4、e employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent
5、. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least everyfive years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be
6、 added to this reviewcycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Statusof the publication can be ascertained from the APIUpstream Segmenttelephone (202) 682-8000. A
7、catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quar-terly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate notification and participation in the developmental process and is desig
8、nated as an APIstandard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developedshould be directed in writing to the general manager of the Upstream Segment, AmericanPetroleum Institute, 1220
9、 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permissionto reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also beaddressed to the general manager.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating pract
10、ices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer
11、 marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicablerequirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard
12、.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street,
13、N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 1999 American Petroleum InstituteUNCONTROLLED COPY-Copyright 1999 American Petroleum Institute FOREWORDThe bar motations identify parts of this standard that have been changed from the previousAPI edition.This standard is under the jurisdiction of the API Commi
14、ttee on Standardization of Tubu-lar Goods and includes items approved by the letter ballot through 1999.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute mak
15、es no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conflict.Suggeste
16、d revisions are invited and should be submitted to the general manager of theUpstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.20005.iiiUNCONTROLLED COPY-Copyright 1999 American Petroleum Institute UNCONTROLLED COPY-Copyright 1999 American Petroleum Institute CONTE
17、NTSPage1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 General . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 Equivalent Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 RUNNING AND PULLING CASING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1 Preparation and Inspect
20、ion Before Running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 Drifting of Casing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 Stabbing, Making Up, and Lowering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . 34.4 Field Makeup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 Casing Landing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.6 Care of Casing in Hole . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.7 Recovery of Casing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 Causes of Casing Troubles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . 55 RUNNING AND PULLING TUBING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.1 Preparation and Inspection Before Running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.2 Stabbing, Making Up, and Lowering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . 195.3 Field Makeup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205.4 Pulling Tubing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.5 Causes of Tubing Troubles
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 TRANSPORTATION, HANDLING, AND STORAGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226.1 Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226.2
26、 Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.3 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 INSPECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF USED CASING A
27、ND TUBING . . . . 237.1 Inspection and Classification Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237.2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297.3 Service Rating. . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 RECONDITIONING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 FIELD WELDING OF ATTACHMENTS ON CASING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309.1 Introduct
29、ion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309.2 Requirements of Welds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309.3 Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309.4 Filler for Arc Welding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309.5 Preparation of Base Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319.6 Pr
31、eheating and Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319.7 Welding Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31vUNCONTROLLED COPY-Copyright 1999 American Petroleum Institute CONTEN
32、TSPageTables1 Casing Makeup Torque Guideline, 8-Round Thread Casing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Torque Values for Extreme-Line Casing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Tubing Makeup Torque GuidelinesRound Thread Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Cl
33、assification and Color Coding of Used Casing and Tubing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Color Code Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29viUNCONTROLLED COPY-Copyright 1999 American Petroleum Institute UNCONTROLLED COPY-Copyright 19
34、99 American Petroleum Institute 1Recommended Practice for Care and Use of Casing and Tubing1 ScopeNote: No provision of this recommended practice shall be cause forrejection of casing or tubing provided the threads are in accordancewith the requirements of the latest edition of API Standard 5B.1.1Th
35、e statements on corrosion of casing and tubing asgiven herein were developed with the cooperation of the Tech-nical Practices Committee on Corrosion of Oil and Gas WellEquipment, NACE International (formerly the National Asso-ciation of Corrosion Engineers).1.2It is suggested that the selection of a
36、 thread compoundfor casing and tubing be given careful consideration by theuser, bearing in mind that a satisfactory compound shouldpossess certain properties, the major of which are (a) to lubri-cate the thread surfaces to facilitate joint makeup and break-out without galling, and (b) to seal voids
37、 between the matingthread surfaces and effectively prevent leakage. Compoundsthat have given outstanding service for casing and tubingunder both laboratory and field conditions are described inthe latest edition of API Bulletin 5A2.Note: Thread compounds described in the latest edition of API Bul-le
38、tin 5A2 should not be used on rotary shouldered connections.1.3Some generalized suggestions on prevention of damageto casing and tubing by corrosive fluids are given in 4.8.16and 5.5.15. It is not, however, within the scope of this recom-mended practice to provide detailed suggestions for corrosionc
39、ontrol under specific conditions. Many variables may beinvolved in a specific corrosion problem and interrelated insuch a complex fashion as to require detailed attention to thespecific problem. For more complete technical informationon specific corrosion problems, the user should consult theofficia
40、l publication of NACE International, Corrosion, orcontact: Chairman, Technical Practices Committee on Corro-sion of Oil and Gas Well Equipment, T-1, NACE Intl, 1440South Creek Drive, P.O. Box 218340, Houston, Texas 77218-8340.2 References2.1 GENERALThis recommended practice includes by reference, ei
41、therin total or in part, the most recent editions of the followingstandards:APIBul 5A2 Bulletin on Thread Compounds for Casing,Tubing, and Line PipeBul 5C2 Bulletin on Performance Properties ofCasing, Tubing, and Drill PipeBul 5C3 Bulletin on Formulas and Calculations forCasing, Tubing, Drill Pipe,
42、and Line PipePropertiesRP 7G Recommended Practice for Drill StemDesign and Operating LimitsSpec 5B Specification for Threading, Gauging, andThread Inspection of Casing, Tubing, andLine Pipe ThreadsSpec 5CT Specification for Casing and TubingAWS1Spec A5.1 Covered Carbon Steel Arc WeldingElectrodes2.2
43、 REQUIREMENTSRequirements of other standards included by reference inthis recommended practice are essential to the safety andinterchangeability of the equipment produced.2.3 EQUIVALENT STANDARDSOther nationally or internationally recognized stan-dards shall be submitted to and approved by API for i
44、nclu-sion in this recommended practice prior to their use asequivalent standards.3 Definitions3.1 shall:is used to indicate that a provision is mandatory.3.2 should:is used to indicate that a provision is not man-datory, but recommended as good practice.3.3 may:is used to indicate that a provision i
45、s optional.4 Running and Pulling Casing4.1 PREPARATION AND INSPECTION BEFORE RUNNING4.1.1New casing is delivered free of injurious defects asdefined in API Specification 5CT and within the practicallimits of the inspection procedures therein prescribed. Someusers have found that, for a limited numbe
46、r of critical wellapplications, these procedures do not result in casing suffi-ciently free of defects to meet their needs for such criticalapplications. Various nondestructive inspection services havebeen employed by users to ensure that the desired quality of1American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJ
47、eune Road, P.O. Box351040, Miami, Florida 33135.UNCONTROLLED COPY-Copyright 1999 American Petroleum Institute 2 API RECOMMENDEDPRACTICE5C1casing is being run. In view of this practice, it is suggestedthat the individual user: a. Familiarize himself with inspection practices specified inthe standards
48、 and employed by the respective mills, and withthe definition of “injurious defect” contained in the standards.b. Thoroughly evaluate any nondestructive inspection to beused by him on API tubular goods to assure himself that theinspection does in fact correctly locate and differentiate inju-rious de
49、fects from other variables that can be and frequentlyare sources of misleading “defect” signals with such inspec-tion methods.4.1.2All casing, whether new, used, or reconditioned,should always be handled with thread protectors in place.Casing should be handled at all times on racks or on woodenor metal surfaces free of rocks, sand, or dirt other than normaldrilling mud. When lengths of casing are inadvertentlydragged in the dirt, the threads should be recleaned and ser-viced again as outlined in 4.1.7.4.1.3Slip elevators are recommended for long strings.Both spider and elevator sl
