1、Gulf of Mexico Jackup Operations for Hurricane SeasonAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 95JFIRST EDITION, JUNE 2006REAFFIRMED, APRIL 2013Gulf of Mexico Jackup Operations for Hurricane SeasonUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 95JFIRST EDITION, JUNE 2006REAFFIRMED, APRIL 2013Special NotesAPI publications
2、necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either e
3、xpress or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness ofthe information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subco
4、ntractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; h
5、owever, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may
6、conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formula
7、tion and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements
8、of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
9、 or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2008 American Petroleum InstituteForewordThis recommended practice (RP) is under the jurisdiction of the API Upstream Executive Co
10、mmittee on Drilling and Production Operations (ECDPO) and was developed with guidance from and in cooperation with the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) Jackup Rig Committee and the Offshore Operators Committees (OOC) Drilling Technical Subcommittee. Additionally, the Minerals
11、 Management Service (MMS) and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) provided general guidance and assistance in the development of the RP.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus,
12、or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in th
13、e developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American
14、 Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every fi
15、ve years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street
16、, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Preloading Process.
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Air Gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . 47 Unit Preparations and Evacuation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Post-storm Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Post-storm Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Annex A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Annex B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Annex C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Annex D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 13FiguresA.1 Recommended Air Gap for Jackups in Hurricane Season. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8B.1 Jackup Hurricane Data Collection Form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10D.1 Exp
25、ected Wave Crest Elevation with Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13vGulf of Mexico Jackup Operations for Hurricane Season1 ScopeThe purpose of this recommended practice (RP) is to present an approach to siting Jackup Mobile Offshor
26、e Drilling Units (MODUs) and to recommend certain operational procedures to enhance jackup survivability and stationkeeping during hurricane season in the Gulf of Mexico during drilling, workover, and while stacked (idled) at a non-sheltered location. This document provides guidance and processes an
27、d, when combined with an understanding of the environment at a particular location, the characteristics of the unit being utilized, and other factors, may be used to enhance operational integrity. This RP was developed through a cooperative arrangement with the International Association of Drilling
28、Contractors (IADC) Jackup Rig Committee. The information presented herein is premised on the existence of an evacuation plan, the intent of which is to assure timely evacuation of all rig personnel in anticipation of certain climatic conditions. 2 OverviewRecent hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico have
29、 caused damage and loss of jackup rigs. However, the industrys practice of “shut-in and evacuate” has successfully resulted in no loss of life, minimal injuries, and no significant pollution associated with such incidents. Preliminary analysis of the damage and losses indicates the likely causes to
30、be wave inundation and/or foundation failure leading to wave inundation. Additionally, the preliminary results of investigations of surviving jackups that experienced forces in excess of design criteria validate the premise that structural assessment methodologies tend to be conservative. Rig surviv
31、al is a function of the environmental conditions (water depth, wind loading, wave heights, current, foundation, etc.) at the location. Based on the studies conducted to date, recommended practices contained in this document include, but are not limited to, site optimization (data), preloading proced
32、ures, air gap analysis, storm preparation, and post-storm recovery enhancements. Historically, mat supported jackups have responded differently to wave impingement than independent leg units. Generally, these units have not experienced catastrophic failure. Rather, they have tended to slide for limi
33、ted distances along the seabed during repeated wave impingement. Accordingly, only certain elements of this RP, such as the optimization recommendations set forth in Section 4, storm preparation, and setting an air gap for storm survival (see Section 6) may apply to such units.Several recommended me
34、thods of assessment and analysis are contained in this RP. This RP should not be viewed as an endorsement of a particular methodology or product. Other scientifically valid methods are options that may also be considered. 3 Terms and Definitions3.1air gapThe distance from the lowest astronomical tid
35、e (LAT) to the underside of the hull.3.2APIAmerican Petroleum Institute3.3drilling contractorThe individual, partnership, firm, or corporation retained by the owner or operator to perform drilling and/or well workover operations.2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 95J3.4evacuation periodThe period of time fr
36、om the commencement of storm preparations until all evacuated personnel have obtained reasonable refuge ashore (generally 12 hours after arriving shore-side).3.5flag stateThe government of the nation whose flag a vessel is entitled to fly. 3.6hurricaneA severe tropical cyclone having one minute aver
37、age 33 ft elevation winds in excess of 64 knots (74 mph).3.7hurricane seasonThe portion of the year having relatively high incidence of hurricanes. In the Atlantic, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, and for the purposes of this RP, it is the time period between June 1 and November 30.3.8IADCInternationa
38、l Association of Drilling Contractors3.9independent leg jackupJackup unit with legs that can be raised or lowered independently.3.10jackupA mobile offshore unit with a buoyant hull and one or more legs that can be moved up or down relative to the hull. A jackup reaches its operational mode by loweri
39、ng the leg(s) to the sea floor and then raising the hull to the required elevation. The majority of jackups have three (3) or more legs, each of which may be move independently, and which are supported on the sea floor by spudcans or a mat. 3.11lowest astronomical tide (LAT)The lowest level expected
40、 to occur under average meteorological conditions and any combination of astronomical conditions.3.12mat supported jackupJackup unit with the leg(s) connected to a single foundation structure.3.13mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU)A vessel capable of moving or being transported between locations to
41、 engage in drilling or well workover operations for the exploration or exploitation of subsea resources. 3.14mean water level (MWL)Midpoint between lowest astronomical tide and highest astronomical tide.GULF OF MEXICO JACKUP OPERATIONS FOR HURRICANE SEASON 33.15OOCOffshore Operators Committee3.16ope
42、ratorThe individual, partnership, firm, or corporation having control or management of operations on the leased area or a portion thereof. The operator may be a lessee, designated agent of the lessee(s), or holder of operating rights under an approved operating agreement. 3.17ownerThe individual, pa
43、rtnership, firm, or corporation to whom the U.S. issues a lease and has been assigned an obligation to make royalty payments required by the lease.3.18shallFor the purposes of this publication, the term shall indicates that the recommended practice has universal applicability to that specific activi
44、ty.3.19shouldFor the purposes of this publication, the term should denotes a recommended practice a) where a safe comparable alternative practice is available; b) that may be impractical under certain circumstances; or c) that may be unnecessary under certain circumstances or applications. This word
45、 indicates that the rule is a recommendation, the advisability of which depends on the facts in each situation.3.20spudcanThe individual footings on each leg of a jackup rig equipped with independent legs.3.21unitSee MODU definition.4 Site a) Site Data: This data should include the location coordina
46、tes, seabed topography, and water depth referenced to a clearly specified datum e.g. lowest astronomical tide (LAT) or chart datum (CD). Note that charts derived for use by comparatively shallow draft shipping are often not sufficiently accurate for siting jackups. Previous employment of jackup unit
47、s at the location should be considered, particularly if the leg spacing differs from the unit being utilized. Appropriate bottom surveys should be conducted by the operator and provided to the drilling contractor sufficiently in advance of the jackups arrival on location in order to identify the loc
48、ation of all pipelines and debris that could interfere with the safe movement of the unit and its placement on location as well as areas of soil disturbance from previous jackup operations. The passage of recent storms, which may displace pipelines, should be considered prior to relying on existing
49、bottom survey information. b) Geotechnical Data: An appropriate assessment of the soil in which a jackup is intended to operate is necessary in order to predict the leg penetration that may be achieved by the unit, and to assess the degree to which loads imposed on the unit will be redistributed to the foundation through the jackup structure. To permit the drilling contractor to determine the suitability of the location, foundation data sufficient to determine soil characteristics over depth and foundation strength should be obtained and provided by the operator sufficiently in adv
