1、Specification for Indirect Type Oilfield HeatersAPI SPECIFICATION 12K EIGHTH EDITION, OCTOBER 2008EFFECTIVE DATE: APRIL 1, 2009Specification for Indirect Type Oilfield HeatersUpstream SegmentAPI SPECIFICATION 12K EIGHTH EDITION, OCTOBER 2008EFFECTIVE DATE: APRIL 1, 2009Special NotesAPI publications
2、necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either
3、 express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, s
4、ubcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in t
5、hem; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publica
6、tion may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized.
7、The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable
8、requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopyi
9、ng, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2008 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any
10、 right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standar
11、d, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specification. This document was produced under API standardization procedures that
12、ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be dir
13、ected in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed
14、and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publish
15、ed annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Defi
17、nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 Coils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.3 Flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.4 Fittings . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.5 Proprietary Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . 54.6 Bolting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.7 Shells, Firetubes and Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.1 Coil Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.2 Shell Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.3 Standard Firebox Rating. . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.4 Firetube Heat Flux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.5 Firetu
25、be Heat Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.6 Stack Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Fabrication, Testing and Painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.2 Coil Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.3 Shell, Firetube, Stack and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.4 Painting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.1 Nameplate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.2 Shell
30、Nameplate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.3 Coil Nameplate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . 177.4 Coil Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Inspection and Rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.1 Inspection Notice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.2 Inspection by Purchaser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.3 Rejection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.4 Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Annex A (informative) Indirect Heater Design Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Annex B (informative) Gas Flow Ra
35、te . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Annex C (informative) Combustion Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Annex D (informative) H
36、eat Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Annex E (informative) Structural Design Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Annex F (inform
37、ative) Corrosion Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Annex G (informative) Use of the API Monogram by Licensees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33vPageFigures1 Typical Ind
38、irect Heater Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Indirect Heater Coils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、 . . 73 Safety Drilling of Return Bends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Indirect Heater Shell Nameplate Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . . . 165 Indirect Heater Coil Nameplate Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17C.1 Approximate Combustion Efficiency of Natural Gas (1,050 BTU/SCF, HHV) in Direct Type Oilfield Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Tables1 Maximum Allowable Coil Stress (S). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Maximum Coil Working Pressur
42、e (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Thread Allowance for Pipe Wall Thickness Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Standard Firebox Rating Based on Heat Input
43、to the Water Bath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Limitations on Imperfections in Circumferential Butt Welds Visual and Radiographic Examination. . . 14B.1 Gas Flow Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211Specification for Indirect Type Oilfield Heaters1 ScopeThis specification covers minimum requirements for the design, fabrication, and shop testing of oilfield indirect type fired heaters used in the production of oil, gas, and their associate
45、d fluids. They are usually located at some point on the producing flow-line between the wellhead and pipeline. Heater components covered by this specification include the pressurized coils, the shell, heater bath, firetube and the firing system.Termination of a heater coil shall be at the first beve
46、l when coils are furnished beveled for welding, or the face of the first fitting when fittings are furnished as the inlet or outlet connection to the coil. All fittings and valves between the inlet and outlet of the coil are to be considered within the coil limit.Heaters outside the scope of this sp
47、ecification include steam and other vapor generators, reboilers, indirect heaters employing heat media other than water solutions, all types of direct fired heaters, shell-and-tube bundles or electrical heating elements, and coils operating at temperatures less than 20F.2 ReferencesAPI Specification
48、 5L, Specification for Line PipeAPI Specification 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree EquipmentAPI Specification 12B, Specification for Bolted Tanks for Storage of Production LiquidsAPI Recommended Practice 14E, Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Offshore Production Pl
49、atform Piping SystemsASME B2.1 1, Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)ASME B16.11, Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and ThreadedASME B16.5, Pipe Flanges and Flanged FittingsASME B31.3, Process PipingASME B36.10, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel PipeASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sections V and IXWelding and Brazing QualificationsASTM A36 2, Standard Specification for Carbon Structural SteelASTM A53, Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and SeamlessASTM A105, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping A
