1、 Guide for Building and Classing Bottom-Founded Offshore Wind Turbine Installations GUIDE FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING BOTTOM-FOUNDED OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE INSTALLATIONS OCTOBER 2015 American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of the State of New York 1862 Copyright 2015 American Bur
2、eau of Shipping ABS Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA Foreword Foreword This Guide provides criteria for the design, construction, installation and survey of Bottom-Founded Offshore Wind Turbine Installations, which comprise permanently sited support structures and foundations of of
3、fshore wind turbines attached on and supported by the sea floor. The criteria applicable to floating offshore wind turbine installations are provided in the ABS Guide for Building and Classing Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Installations (FOWTI Guide). Requirements for ancillary offshore wind farm i
4、nstallations such as meteorological measuring towers, accommodation units, and transformer platforms are not addressed in this Guide. For the requirements for such bottom-founded installations, refer to the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Offshore Installations This revision incorporates the fol
5、lowing changes: 1-1/3 A new optional class notion for the Rotor-Nacelle Assembly (RNA) is offered. 1-2/9 More specific requirements were added regarding the number of turbines subject to commissioning surveys as well as the scope of commissioning survey. These requirements are adapted from the curre
6、nt FOWTI Guide and are in line with IEC 61400-3. 3-6/15 Guidance is provided on how the site assessment should be done with regard to electric network conditions. 4-2/3 Further clarification for the return period of the design storms in tropical cyclone prone areas is added. 4-2/Table 1 Additional r
7、equirements are provided for considering the directionality of wind and wave that may cause misaligned wave and wind conditions. A new design load case (new DLC 8.2) is added to account for possible fatigue damage during the temporary phase. Appendix 2 A new Appendix is added detailing the tropical
8、cyclone wind model developed based on the measurements of tropcial cyclone wind in the past 20 years. Appendix 3 A new Appendix is added that provides guidance on fatigue analysis of support structures. This Guide becomes effective on the first day of the month of publication. Users are advised to c
9、heck periodically on the ABS website www.eagle.org to verify that this version of this Guide is the most current. We welcome your feedback. Comments or suggestions can be sent electronically by email to rsdeagle.org. ii ABSGUIDE FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING BOTTOM-FOUNDED OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE INSTALLA
10、TIONS .2015 Table of Contents GUIDE FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING BOTTOM-FOUNDED OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE INSTALLATIONS CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Classification and Surveys 1 Section 1 Scope and Conditions of Classification . 4 Section 2 Surveys During Construction, Installation, and Commissioning 10 Section 3 Su
11、rveys After Construction 17 Section 4 Definitions 22 CHAPTER 2 Materials and Welding . 26 Section 1 Materials 28 Section 2 Welding and Fabrication 37 CHAPTER 3 Environmental Conditions . 44 Section 1 Overview 46 Section 2 Wind . 47 Section 3 Waves 55 Section 4 Currents . 60 Section 5 Tides, Storm Su
12、rges, and Water Levels 62 Section 6 Other Conditions 64 CHAPTER 4 Loads . 66 Section 1 Overview 67 Section 2 Design Load Conditions . 69 Section 3 Determination of Environmental Loads 79 CHAPTER 5 Structure and Foundation Design 85 Section 1 General Design Requirements 88 Section 2 Steel Structures
13、. 92 Section 3 Concrete Structures . 99 Section 4 Foundations . 111 ABSGUIDE FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING BOTTOM-FOUNDED OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE INSTALLATIONS .2015 iii CHAPTER 6 Marine Operations 120 Section 1 Marine Operations . 121 APPENDIX 1 Wind Spectra and Coherence Functions 123 APPENDIX 2 Tropica
14、l Cyclone Wind Speed Profile, Standard Deviation, Turbulence Intensity and Gust Factor 127 APPENDIX 3 Fatigue Analysis for the Support Structures . 132 APPENDIX 4 Abbreviations and References 135 iv ABSGUIDE FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING BOTTOM-FOUNDED OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE INSTALLATIONS .2015 Chapter 1
15、: Classification and Surveys CHAPTER 1 Classification and Surveys CONTENTS SECTION 1 Scope and Conditions of Classification . 4 1 Classification . 4 3 Classification Symbols and Notations . 4 3.1 Installations Built under ABS Survey . 4 3.3 Installations Not Built under ABS Survey 4 3.5 Additional C
16、lass Notation 4 5 Rules for Classification . 5 5.1 Application . 5 5.3 References 5 5.5 Alternatives 5 7 Design Documentation to be Submitted . 5 7.1 Reports 6 7.3 Design Data and Calculations . 7 7.5 Plans and Specifications . 8 7.7 Information Memorandum . 8 9 Operating Manual . 9 SECTION 2 Survey
17、s During Construction, Installation, and Commissioning 10 1 Overview . 10 1.1 Scope 10 1.3 Quality Control Program 10 1.5 Access and Notification . 10 1.7 Identification of Materials . 10 3 Steel Structures 11 3.1 Quality Control Program 11 3.3 Material Quality and Traceability . 11 3.5 Steel Formin
18、g 11 3.7 Welder Qualification and Records . 11 3.9 Welding Procedure Specifications and Qualifications . 12 3.11 Weld Inspection . 12 3.13 Tolerances and Alignments . 12 3.15 Corrosion Control Systems 12 3.17 Tightness and Hydrostatic Testing Procedures . 12 3.19 Nondestructive Testing 12 3.21 Insta
19、llation of the Support Structure (Foundation, Substructure, and Tower) 12 3.23 Testing and Trials of a Self-Elevating Unit to be Used as the Support Structure 13 3.25 Records . 13 ABSGUIDE FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING BOTTOM-FOUNDED OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE INSTALLATIONS .2015 1 5 Concrete Structures 13 5
20、.1 Quality Control Program 13 5.3 Inspections Prior to Concreting 14 5.5 Inspection of Batching, Mixing, and Placing Concrete . 14 5.7 Inspections of Form Removal and Concrete Curing 14 5.9 Inspection of Prestressing and Grouting 15 5.11 Inspection of Joints 15 5.13 Inspection of Finished Concrete 1
21、5 5.15 Installation of the Support Structure (Foundation, Substructure and Tower) 15 5.17 Records . 16 7 Rotor-Nacelle Assemblies (RNAs) 16 9 Commissioning Surveys . 16 SECTION 3 Surveys After Construction . 17 1 Condition for Surveys after Construction 17 1.1 Damage, Failure, and Repair . 17 1.3 No
22、tification and Availability for Survey . 17 1.5 Annual Surveys . 17 1.7 Special Periodical Surveys 18 1.9 Continuous Surveys . 18 1.11 Reactivation Surveys . 18 1.13 Incomplete Surveys . 18 1.15 Alterations 18 1.17 Survey of a Self-Elevating Unit to be Used as the Support Structure 18 1.19 Survey fo
23、r Extension of Use 18 1.21 Relocation of Existing Installations 19 3 Annual Surveys . 19 5 Special Periodical Surveys . 20 7 Continuous Surveys 20 9 Gauging . 20 11 Structural Deterioration . 20 13 Marine Growth 21 15 Maintenance of Rotor-Nacelle Assembly 21 17 Statutory Certification 21 19 Risk-bas
24、ed Surveys for Maintenance of Class . 21 SECTION 4 Definitions . 22 1 Types of Support Structures . 22 1.1 Pile-Supported Structure . 22 1.3 Gravity Structure 22 1.5 Self-Elevating Unit to be Used as the Support Structure . 22 1.7 Compliant Tower 22 3 Terminology 22 3.1 Material Application Categori
25、es . 22 3.3 Bottom-founded Offshore Wind Turbine Installation 23 2 ABSGUIDE FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING BOTTOM-FOUNDED OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE INSTALLATIONS .2015 3.5 Consultant . 23 3.7 Cut-In Wind Speed (Vin) . 23 3.9 Cut-Out Wind Speed (Vout) . 23 3.11 Emergency Shutdown . 23 3.13 Fabricator 23 3.15
26、Gust . 23 3.17 Hub Height 23 3.19 Idling 23 3.21 Mean Sea Level or Mean Still Water Level (MSL) . 23 3.23 Mean Wind Speed . 23 3.25 Normal Shutdown 23 3.27 Offshore Wind Farm 23 3.29 Offshore Wind Turbine 24 3.31 Omni-directional (Wind, Waves or Currents) . 24 3.33 Owner 24 3.35 Parked . 24 3.37 Rat
27、ed Power 24 3.39 Rated Wind Speed (Vr) 24 3.41 Return Period (Recurrence Period) . 24 3.43 Rotor-Nacelle Assembly (RNA) . 24 3.45 Splash Zone 24 3.47 Standstill 24 3.49 Still Water Level (SWL) . 24 3.51 Support Structure 25 3.53 Surveyor 25 3.55 Turbulence Intensity 25 3.57 Uni-directional (Wind, Wa
28、ves or Currents) 25 3.59 Water Depth 25 3.61 Wind Profile (Wind Shear Law) . 25 3.63 Yawing. 25 3.65 Yaw Misalignment . 25 ABSGUIDE FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING BOTTOM-FOUNDED OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE INSTALLATIONS .2015 3 Section 1: Scope and Conditions of Classification CHAPTER 1 Classification and Surv
29、eys SECTION 1 Scope and Conditions of Classification 1 Classification The general requirements for conditions of classification are contained in the ABS Rules for Conditions of Classification Offshore Units and Structures (Part 1). Additional requirements specific to Bottom-founded Offshore Wind Tur
30、bine Installations are provided in the following Subsections. 3 Classification Symbols and Notations (15 January 2013) (1 October 2015) The following class notations are designated for the Bottom-founded Offshore Wind Turbine Installation as defined in 1-4/3.3. Additionally, at the request of the Ow
31、ner, the Rotor-Nacelle Assembly (RNA) may be included in the classification subject to the ABS Type Approval requirements of the ABS Rules for Conditions of Classification Offshore Units and Structures (Part 1). When the RNA is not included in the classification, the RNA installed on the ABS classed
32、 Bottom-founded Offshore Wind Turbine Installation is required to have a type certificate in accordance with IEC 61400-22 or other recognized standards. The RNA type certificate will be reviewed by ABS solely to verify that the information of the installed RNA is consistent with the design informati
33、on, criteria and limitations considered in the classification of the Bottom-founded Offshore Wind Turbine Installation. ABS will not review or be responsible for the accuracy of the RNA type certificate. Use of the RNA which does not have an appropriate type certification or the wind turbine having
34、a non-horizontal-axis configuration will be subject to special consideration by ABS. 3.1 Installations Built under ABS Survey Installations built and constructed to the satisfaction of the ABS Surveyors and to the requirements of this Guide or to their equivalent, where approved by ABS, may be class
35、ed and distinguished in the ABS Record by the following symbol: null A1 Offshore Wind Turbine Installation (Bottom-Founded) The mark null (Maltese cross) signifies that the installation was built, installed and commissioned to the satisfaction of the ABS Surveyors. 3.3 Installations Not Built under
36、ABS Survey Installations not built under ABS survey but submitted for classification, are subject to special classification survey. Where found satisfactory and thereafter approved by ABS, such installations may be classed with the symbol: A1 Offshore Wind Turbine Installation (Bottom-Founded) 3.5 A
37、dditional Class Notation (1 October 2015) The RNA, as defined in 1-1/3.43, may be considered for the classification at the Owners request. Where the RNA are in full compliance with the requirements of the ABS Type Approval requirements of the ABS Rules for Conditions of Classification Offshore Units
38、 and Structures (Part 1), the installation may be classed and distinguished in the Record by the optional class notation RNA. 4 ABSGUIDE FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING BOTTOM-FOUNDED OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE INSTALLATIONS .2015 Chapter 1 Classification and Surveys Section 1 Scope and Conditions of Classific
39、ation 1-1 5 Rules for Classification (15 January 2013) 5.1 Application The requirements in this Guide are applicable to the Bottom-founded Offshore Wind Turbine Installation, as defined in 1-4/3.3. The design criteria specified in this Guide are intended for the Bottom-founded Offshore Wind Turbine
40、Installation to achieve the normal safety class as defined in IEC 61400-3 (2009). This Guide is applicable to those features that are permanent in nature and can be verified by plan review, calculation, physical survey or other appropriate means. Any statement in this document regarding other featur
41、es is to be considered as guidance to the designer, Fabricator, Owner, et al. 5.3 References Reference is made in this Guide to ABS Rules and other criteria issued by ABS and other organizations. Appendix 4 contains a list of such references. Unless otherwise noted, the applicable edition of a refer
42、ence is the one officially issued and available on the date the Agreement for Classification is accepted by ABS. Where a particular edition or date associated with a reference is given, it means that particular edition is relevant to the topic being presented in this Guide. ABS may consider at its d
43、iscretion, upon the request of the Owner, the application of other appropriate alternative methods and recognized codes of practice. 5.5 Alternatives (1 October 2015) Any departure from the requirements of this Guide may be considered by ABS on the basis of suitable engineering analyses or risk asse
44、ssments. In the case of such departures, classification is subject to ABSs approval upon a demonstration of acceptable levels of safety in line with the principles of this Guide and recognized and generally accepted current offshore wind industry practice. Risk acceptance criteria are subject to ABS
45、s approval. The ABS Guidance Notes on Risk Assessment Application for the Marine and Offshore Oil and Gas Industries contains an overview of risk assessment techniques and additional information. Using a risk assessment approach to justify alternatives may be applicable either to the Bottom-founded
46、Offshore Wind Turbine Installation as a whole or to individual systems, subsystems or components. As appropriate, account must be given to remote hazards outside of the bounds of the system under consideration. Such account must include incidents relating to remote hazards directly affecting or bein
47、g influenced by the system under consideration. ABS will consider the application of risk-based techniques in the design of the Bottom-founded Offshore Wind Turbine Installation as well as surveys during construction and surveys for maintenance of class. Portions of the Bottom-founded Offshore Wind
48、Turbine Installation not included in the risk assessment are to comply with the applicable parts of the ABS Rules. The following are the responsibility of the Owner: i) Risk acceptance criteria ii) Hazard identification iii) Risk assessment iv) Risk management v) Compliance with the applicable requi
49、rements of the coastal State or other governmental authorities 7 Design Documentation to be Submitted (15 January 2013) The design documentation to be submitted is to describe the data, tools, procedures and methodologies of design and analysis which are employed to establish the design of the Bottom-founded Offshore Wind Turbine Installation. The intended design life is also to be stated. Where model testing is used as a basis for a design, the applicability of the test results depends on the demonstration of the adequacy of the methods employed, inclu
