1、 Part 6: Optional Items and Systems RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING STEEL VESSELS 2016 PART 6 OPTIONAL ITEMS AND SYSTEMS (Updated July 2016 see next page) American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of the State of New York 1862 2015 American Bureau of Shipping. All rights reserve
2、d. ABS Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA Updates July 2016 consolidation includes: January 2016 version plus Notice No. 1 Rule Change Notice (2016 ) Rule Change Notice (2016) The effective date of each technical change since 1993 is shown in parenthesis at the end of the subsection/
3、paragraph titles within the text of each Part. Unless a particular date and month are shown, the years in parentheses refer to the following effective dates: (2000) and after 1 January 2000 (and subsequent years) (1996) 9 May 1996 (1999) 12 May 1999 (1995) 15 May 1995 (1998) 13 May 1998 (1994) 9 May
4、 1994 (1997) 19 May 1997 (1993) 11 May 1993 Listing by Effective Dates of Changes from the 2015 Rules EFFECTIVE DATE 1 January 2016 shown as (2016) (based on the contract date for construction between builder and Owner) Part/Para. No. Title/Subject Status/Remarks 6-1-6/9.1.1 Definitions To align the
5、 requirements with the Finnish-Swedish Ice Class Rules (2010). 6-1-6/9.1.2 Power Calculation To align the requirements with the Finnish-Swedish Ice Class Rules (2010). 6-1-6A2 (New) The Validity of the Powering Requirement in 6-1-6/9.1.2 To align the requirements with the Finnish-Swedish Ice Class R
6、ules (2010). Listing by Effective Dates of Changes from the 2016 Rules Notice No. 1 (effective on 1 July 2016) to the 2016 Rules, is summarized below. EFFECTIVE DATE 1 July 2016 shown as (1 July 2016) (based on the contract date for new construction between builder and Owner) Part/Para. No. Title/Su
7、bject Status/Remarks 6-2-1/7.1.4 Vessels Carrying Cargo in Refrigerated Containers of Integral Type, null IRCC To provide a reference to the ABS Guide for Carriage of Integral Refrigerated Containers On Board Ships (Incorporates Notice No. 1) 6-2-13/5 Integral Refrigerated Cargo Container Carrier To
8、 provide a reference to the ABS Guide for Carriage of Integral Refrigerated Containers On Board Ships (Incorporates Notice No. 1) ABSRULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING STEEL VESSELS .2016 iii P ART Table of Contents 6 Optional Items and Systems CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Strengthening for Navigation in Ice 1 S
9、ection 1 Introduction 14 Section 2 Structural Requirements for Polar Class Vessels 16 Section 3 Machinery Requirements for Polar Class Vessels 47 Section 4 Requirements for Enhanced Polar Class Notation 77 Section 5 Requirements for Vessels Intended for Navigation in First-year Ice 96 Section 6 Balt
10、ic Ice Classes . 129 Appendix 1 Ice Class Draft Marking . 167 Appendix 2 The Validity of the Powering Requirement in 6-1-6/9.1.2 . 168 CHAPTER 2 Vessels Intended to Carry Refrigerated Cargoes 169 Section 1 General 176 Section 2 Plans and Data to be Submitted 182 Section 3 Hull Construction 188 Secti
11、on 4 Cargo Handling Equipment 194 Section 5 Refrigerated Cargo Spaces . 204 Section 6 Refrigeration Machinery . 212 Section 7 Ancillary Systems . 225 Section 8 Fire Extinguishing Systems and Equipment 226 Section 9 Electrical Systems 227 Section 10 Instrumentation, Control and Monitoring 229 Section
12、 11 Ammonia Refrigeration System . 235 Section 12 Controlled Atmosphere Systems . 243 Section 13 Refrigerated Cargo Container Carrier 256 Section 14 Refrigerated Edible Bulk Liquid Tanker . 261 Section 15 Refrigerated Fish Carrier . 265 Section 16 Testing . 267 iv ABSRULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING
13、STEEL VESSELS .2016 PART Chapter 1: Strengthening for Navigation in Ice 6 CHAPTER 1 Strengthening for Navigation in Ice CONTENTS SECTION 1 Introduction 14 1 General . 14 1.1 Application Polar Class. 14 3 Description of Polar Class . 15 3.1 Selection of Polar Classes . 15 5 Definitions . 15 5.1 Ice B
14、elt 15 5.3 Upper and Lower Ice Waterlines . 15 5.5 Displacement . 15 5.7 Length . 15 TABLE 1 Ice Class Notations . 14 TABLE 2 Polar Class Descriptions . 15 SECTION 2 Structural Requirements for Polar Class Vessels . 16 1 Application 16 3 Hull Areas . 16 3.1 General 16 5 Design Ice Loads 17 5.1 Gener
15、al 17 5.3 Glancing Impact Load Characteristics . 18 5.5 Bow Area . 18 5.7 Hull Areas Other Than the Bow . 20 5.9 Design Load Patch 20 5.11 Pressure within the Design Load Patch . 21 5.13 Hull Area Factors . 22 7 Shell Plate Requirements . 23 7.1 Required Minimum Shell Plate Thickness . 23 7.3 Shell
16、Plate Thickness to Resist Ice Load. 23 7.5 Changes in Plating Thickness . 24 9 Framing General 24 9.1 General 24 9.3 Application . 24 9.5 Fixity 24 9.7 Details . 24 9.9 Framing Span 24 9.11 Scantlings 25 9.13 Net Effective Shear Area . 25 ABSRULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING STEEL VESSELS .2016 1 9.15
17、 Net Effective Plastic Section Modulus . 26 9.17 Oblique Framing 26 11 Framing Transversely-framed Side Structures and Bottom Structures 27 11.1 Plastic Strength 27 11.3 Required Shear Area . 27 11.5 Required Plastic Section Modulus . 27 11.7 Structural Stability 28 13 Framing Side Longitudinals (Lo
18、ngitudinally-framed Vessels) 28 13.1 Plastic Strength 28 13.3 Required Shear Area . 28 13.5 Required Plastic Section Modulus . 29 13.7 Structural Stability 29 15 Framing Web Frames and Load-carrying Stringers 29 15.1 General 29 15.3 Application . 29 15.5 Structural Stability 30 15.7 Actual Net Effec
19、tive Shear Area and Plastic Section Modulus 30 15.9 Scantling Requirement for Transversely-framed Side Structures 31 15.11 Scantling Requirement for Large Members of Longitudinally-framed Structures . 35 17 Framing Structural Stability 37 17.1 Framing Members 37 17.3 Web Stiffening . 38 17.5 Web Thi
20、ckness 38 17.7 Flange Width and Outstand . 39 19 Plated Structures 39 19.1 General 39 19.3 End Fixity . 39 19.5 Stability 39 21 Corrosion/Abrasion Additions and Steel Renewal 39 21.1 General 39 21.3 Corrosion/Abrasion Additions for Shell Plating 39 21.5 Corrosion/Abrasion Additions for Internal Stru
21、ctures . 39 21.7 Steel Renewal . 39 23 Materials 40 23.1 General 40 23.3 Material Classes 40 23.5 Steel Grades 40 23.7 Steel Grades for Weather Exposed Plating . 41 23.9 Steel Grades for Inboard Framing Members . 42 23.11 Castings . 42 25 Longitudinal Strength 42 25.1 Application . 42 25.3 Design Ve
22、rtical Ice Force at the Bow . 42 25.5 Design Vertical Shear Force 44 25.7 Design Vertical Ice Bending Moment . 44 25.9 Longitudinal Strength Criteria 45 2 ABSRULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING STEEL VESSELS .2016 27 Stem and Stern Frames 46 29 Appendages 46 29.1 General 46 29.3 Load Definition and Resp
23、onse Criteria 46 31 Local Details . 46 31.1 General 46 31.3 Cut-outs . 46 33 Direct Calculations 46 33.1 General 46 33.3 Load Patch 46 35 Welding . 46 35.1 General 46 35.3 Continuity of Strength 46 35.5 Filler Metals . 46 35.7 Hull Steels Other than the ABS Grades 46 TABLE 1 Class Factors 18 TABLE 2
24、 Peak Pressure Factors . 22 TABLE 3 Hull Area Factors (AF) 22 TABLE 4 Corrosion/Abrasion Additions for Shell Plating . 40 TABLE 5 Material Classes for Structural Members of Polar Class Vessels . 40 TABLE 6 Steel Grades for Weather Exposed Plating 41 TABLE 7 Steel Grades for Inboard Framing Members A
25、ttached to Weather Exposed Plating . 42 TABLE 8 Longitudinal Strength Criteria . 45 FIGURE 1 Hull Area Extents 17 FIGURE 2 Definition of Hull Angles 18 FIGURE 3 Shell Framing Angle 24 FIGURE 4 Stiffener Geometry 25 FIGURE 5 Parameter Definition for Web Stiffening . 38 FIGURE 6 Steel Grade Requiremen
26、ts for Submerged and Weather Exposed Shell Plating . 41 FIGURE 7 Bow Shape Definition 43 FIGURE 8 Illustration of ebEffect on the Bow Shape for B = 20 and LB= 16 . 44 SECTION 3 Machinery Requirements for Polar Class Vessels 47 1 Application 47 3 Drawings and Particulars to be Submitted 47 3.1 Enviro
27、nmental Conditions 47 3.3 Drawings . 47 3.5 Description Detailing . 47 3.7 Calculations and Documentation . 47 ABSRULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING STEEL VESSELS .2016 3 5 System Design 47 5.1 General 47 5.3 Governmental Authority . 47 5.5 Damage by Freezing . 47 5.7 Propeller Damage 48 5.9 Turning Ge
28、ar . 48 7 Materials 48 7.1 Materials Exposed to Sea Water . 48 7.3 Materials Exposed to Sea Water Temperature 48 7.5 Materials Exposed to Low Air Temperature . 48 9 Ice Interaction Load 48 9.1 Propeller-Ice Interaction . 48 9.3 Ice Class Factors . 49 9.5 Design Ice Loads for Open Propeller . 49 9.7
29、Design Ice Loads for Ducted Propeller 53 9.9 Propeller Blade Loads and Stresses for Fatigue Analysis . 55 9.11 Design Loads on Propulsion Line 55 11 Design . 60 11.1 Design Principles . 60 11.3 Azimuthing Main Propulsors 63 11.5 Propeller Blade Design 63 11.7 Blade Flange, Bolts and Propeller Hub an
30、d CP Mechanism 65 11.9 Propulsion Line Components . 66 11.11 Prime Movers 72 13 Machinery Fastening Loading Accelerations 73 13.1 General 73 13.3 Longitudinal Impact Accelerations . 73 13.5 Vertical Acceleration 73 13.7 Transverse Impact Acceleration 73 15 Auxiliary Systems 74 15.1 Machinery Protect
31、ion . 74 15.3 Freezing . 74 15.5 Vent and Discharge Pipes . 74 17 Sea Inlets and Cooling Water Systems 74 17.1 Cooling Water Systems for Machinery . 74 17.3 Sea Chests 74 17.5 Ice Boxes . 74 17.7 Sea Inlet Valves . 74 17.9 Vent Pipes . 74 17.11 Sea Bays Freezing Prevention 74 17.13 Cooling Seawater
32、Re-circulation . 75 17.15 Ice Boxes Access 75 17.17 Openings in Vessel Sides 75 19 Ballast Tanks. 75 21 Ventilation System 75 21.1 Air Intakes Location . 75 21.3 Air Intakes Heating 75 21.5 Machinery Air Intakes 75 4 ABSRULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING STEEL VESSELS .2016 23 Steering Systems 75 23.1
33、General 75 23.3 Rudder Actuator Holding Torque . 75 23.5 Torque Relief Arrangements . 76 23.7 Fast Acting Torque Relief Arrangements. 76 25 Alternative Designs . 76 TABLE 1 Design Ice Thickness and Ice Strength Index 49 TABLE 2 Load Cases for Open Propeller 52 TABLE 3 Load Cases for Ducted Propeller
34、 55 TABLE 4 Parameters Cqand i56 TABLE 5 Propeller Bollard Thrust 59 TABLE 6 Reference Number of Impacts Per Propeller Rotation Speed for Each Ice Class . 61 TABLE 7 Mean Fatigue Strength, Fat-E7, for Different Material Types 65 TABLE 8 Rudder Actuator Holding Torque Multipliers . 75 TABLE 9 Assumed
35、 Turning Speeds for Torque Relief Arrangements 76 TABLE 10 Rudder Actuator Holding Torque Multipliers . 76 FIGURE 1 Shape of the Propeller Ice Torque Excitation for 90 and 135 Single Blade Impact Sequences and 45 Double Blade Impact Sequence (Figures Apply for Propellers with Four Blades) 57 FIGURE
36、2 Definitions of Peak Torque and Torque Amplitude . 58 FIGURE 3 Ice Load Distribution for Ducted and Open Propeller . 60 FIGURE 4 Cumulative Torque Distribution . 62 FIGURE 5 Example of Ice Load Distribution for the Shafting (k = 1), Divided Into Load Blocks 62 FIGURE 6 Log-log Torque-cycle Diagram
37、Defining TKmax1. 71 FIGURE 7 Log-log Torque-cycle Diagram Defining TKmax71 FIGURE 8 Log-log Torque-cycle Diagram Defining TKV. 72 SECTION 4 Requirements for Enhanced Polar Class Notation 77 1 General . 77 1.1 Application . 77 3 Ice Breaker Class 77 3.1 Hull Area Factors . 77 5 Vessels Intended to Op
38、erate Astern . 78 5.1 Hull Areas 78 5.3 Hull Area Factors . 78 7 Transverse Framing 78 7.1 Main and Intermediate Frames 78 7.3 Web Frames 80 7.5 Ice Stringers 80 ABSRULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING STEEL VESSELS .2016 5 9 Longitudinal Framing 81 9.1 Struts . 81 11 Peak Frames . 82 13 Double Bottom 82
39、 13.1 Inner Bottom 82 13.3 Transversely Framed Bottom 82 13.5 Longitudinally Framed Bottom . 82 15 Ice Decks 83 15.1 General 83 15.3 Deck Plating 83 15.5 Deck Transverses and Deck Beams 83 15.7 Decks with Wide Openings 84 17 Bulkheads . 85 17.1 General 85 17.3 Scantlings 85 19 Stem and Stern Frames
40、86 19.1 General 86 19.3 Stem 86 19.5 Stern Frame . 87 21 Towing Arrangements . 87 21.1 Bow 87 21.3 Stern 88 23 Machinery Arrangements 88 23.1 Propulsion Arrangements 88 23.3 Electric Propulsion . 88 23.5 Boilers 88 23.7 Protection Against Excessive Torques 88 23.9 Propeller Arrangements . 88 23.11 T
41、unnel Thrusters 88 23.13 Cooling Water Arrangements 89 23.15 Starting-air System 89 25 Power of Propulsion Machinery 89 25.1 Minimum Powering Criteria 90 25.3 Maximum Thickness of Consolidated Level Ice . 90 25.5 Total Power Delivered to Propellers 91 25.7 Powering Criteria Obtained from Ice Model T
42、ests . 92 25.9 Astern Power . 92 27 Flexible Couplings . 92 29 Bossings 92 31 Rudder and Steering Arrangements . 93 31.1 General 93 31.3 Rudder Stocks, Couplings and Pintles . 93 31.5 Double Plate Rudder . 94 33 Propeller Nozzles 94 33.1 General 94 33.3 Design Ice Forces 94 33.5 Plate Thickness . 95
43、 6 ABSRULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING STEEL VESSELS .2016 35 Hull Structural Materials 95 35.1 Inspection 95 TABLE 1 Hull Area Factors (AF) for Vessels with Ice Breaker Class Notation . 77 TABLE 2 Hull Area Factors (AF) for Vessels Intended to Operate Astern 78 TABLE 3 Distance d . 79 TABLE 4 Maximu
44、m Stringer Spacing . 80 TABLE 5 Minimum Width of Reinforced Bulkhead Plating . 85 TABLE 6 Solid Stem Bar Coefficients 86 TABLE 7 Stern Post Coefficient . 87 TABLE 8 Corrosion/Abrasion Additions for Shell Plating Around Chock 87 TABLE 9 Nominal Values of Powering Criteria 91 TABLE 10 Power Coefficien
45、ts 92 TABLE 11 Design Speed for Rudders, Couplings and Pintles . 93 TABLE 12 Design Ice Force Coefficient . 95 TABLE 13 Corrosion/Abrasion Additions for Nozzle Surface Plating 95 FIGURE 1 Upper End Terminations of Frames 79 FIGURE 2 Lower End Terminations of Frames 80 FIGURE 3 Flare Angle Between Si
46、de Shell Line and CP at DWL . 91 SECTION 5 Requirements for Vessels Intended for Navigation in First-year Ice 96 1 General . 96 1.1 Application . 96 3 Selection of Ice Class . 96 3.1 Ice Class 96 3.3 Guide for Selection 96 5 Definitions . 97 5.1 Ice Belt 97 5.3 Upper Ice Waterline . 97 5.5 Lower Ice
47、 Waterline . 97 5.7 Displacement . 97 5.9 Length . 97 7 Extent and Length of Ice Belt Areas . 98 9 Design Ice Loads 100 9.1 Design Ice Pressure on the Bow Area . 100 9.3 Design Ice Pressures on Other Ice Belt Areas 101 9.5 Extent of Design Ice Load . 102 11 Shell Plating 103 11.1 Ice Belt with Trans
48、verse Framing 103 11.3 Ice Belt with Longitudinal Framing . 104 11.5 Changes in Plating Thickness . 104 ABSRULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING STEEL VESSELS .2016 7 13 Transverse Framing 104 13.1 Definitions 104 13.3 Ice Belt Frame Spacing . 104 13.5 Main and Intermediate Frames 104 13.7 Web Frames 106
49、13.9 Ice Stringers 107 15 Longitudinal Framing 109 15.1 Spacing of Longitudinals 109 15.3 Section Modulus 109 15.5 Web Frames 109 15.7 Struts . 110 17 Alternative Framing Arrangements . 110 19 Peak Frames . 111 21 Double Bottom 111 21.1 Longitudinally Framed Bottom . 111 23 Ice Decks 111 23.1 General 111 23.3 Deck Plating 111 23.5 Deck Transverses and Deck Beams 111 23.7 Decks with Wide Openings 112 25 Bulkheads . 113 25.1 Scantlings 113 27 Stem and Stern Frame 113 27.1 General 113 27.3 Stem 113 27.5 Stern Frame . 114 29 Power of Propulsion Machinery 115 29.1
