1、 Guidance Notes on the Implementation of Human factors Engineering Design of Offshore Installations GUIDANCE NOTES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING INTO THE DESIGN OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS JULY 2014 American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of the State of New
2、 York 1862 Copyright 2014 American Bureau of Shipping ABS Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA ii ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING INTO THE DESIGN OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS .2014 Foreword Foreword Offshore companies, along with many other maritime en
3、tities, are becoming increasingly aware of, and are responding to, the critical role of the human element as the root of effective safety standards and practices. As a result, during the last two decades, the offshore industry began to concentrate more on improving human performance and reducing hum
4、an error as a way to enhance offshore safety. The effort to improve safety and human performance introduced the engineering discipline of Human Factors Engineering (HFE) to the offshore industry. Despite the positive experiences and results from including HFE design practices and principles into off
5、shore design projects, HFE has yet to become a widely accepted and fully integrated aspect of design projects. These Guidance Notes on the Implementation of Human Factors Engineering into the Design of Offshore Installations provide a strategy for integrating and implementing HFE into the design pro
6、cess as a way to help improve human performance and personnel efficiency and reduce safety risks associated with working and living on offshore installations. This integration of HFE into a program and the human element into the design can also improve overall system performance. To help promote the
7、 effective integration and implementation of HFE design principles throughout the various lifecycle phases of an offshore capital project, a well-defined approach is required. The objective of these Guidance Notes is to identify the relevant HFE activities that need to be executed effectively and ef
8、ficiently by describing a plan to integrate HFE into existing project management systems. These Guidance Notes can be used as a roadmap for a larger effort to promote the application and understanding of HFE principles and criteria in system design and operations to help improve personnel performanc
9、e and safety while reducing the potential for human error. It should be noted that the guidance presented in this document is recommendatory. Compliance with these Guidance Notes is not required, although ABS strongly urges the principles to be adopted wherever feasible and tailored based on the siz
10、e and scope of the project. These Guidance Notes become effective on the first day of the month of publication. Users are advised to check periodically on the ABS website www.eagle.org to verify that this version of these Guidance Notes is the most current. We welcome your feedback. Comments or sugg
11、estions can be sent electronically by email to rsdeagle.org. ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING INTO THE DESIGN OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS .2014 iii Table of Contents GUIDANCE NOTES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING INTO THE DESIGN OF OFFSHORE INSTAL
12、LATIONS CONTENTS SECTION 1 Overview of Human Factors Engineering and Its Implementation 1 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 The ABS Human Factors Engineering/Ergonomics Model: Elements that Enhance Human Performance and Safety . 2 2 Application 4 3 Scope 4 3.1 Section 2, “HFE Implementation Program Planning” .
13、 4 3.2 Section 3, “Human Factors Engineering Implementation Program” . 5 3.3. Appendices 5 FIGURE 1 ABS Human Factors Engineering/Ergonomics Model 2 SECTION 2 HFE Implementation Program Planning . 6 1 General . 6 2 Factors Critical to Successful HFE Implementation . 6 3 Engage Critical Parties in th
14、e HFE Implementation Process . 6 3.1 Human Factors Engineering Practitioners . 6 3.2 The Company Who Will Operate . 7 3.3 The Company Who Will Lease 8 3.4 The “Design Agent” Working for the Company 8 3.5 The “Design Agent” Working for the Construction Yard 8 3.6 The Vendor/Manufacturer 8 4 Determine
15、 the Level of HFE Involvement . 8 4.1 Tradeoffs . 8 5 Obtain Management Commitment 9 5.1 Creation of an HFE Foundation and Integration within the Company . 10 5.2 Creation of an Organized Company Management Structure to Promote the Use of HFE . 10 5.3 Equalization of HFE with other Engineering Disci
16、plines 11 5.4 Use of HFE Principles in Areas Other than Engineering Design . 11 5.5 Cooperation between HFE and Operations/Maintenance Personnel 12 iv ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING INTO THE DESIGN OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS .2014 6 Additional Critical Considerat
17、ions . 12 6.1 Mandate HFE in Design . 12 6.2 Utilize Accepted HFE Standards 12 6.3 Lessons Learned . 12 TABLE 1 HFE Involvement Survey 9 FIGURE 1 Organizational Location for HFE . 11 SECTION 3 Human Factors Engineering Implementation Program . 13 1 Introduction . 13 2 Lifecycle Phases . 13 3 Concept
18、ual Design 15 3.1 Task #1 HFE Planning and Organization 15 3.2 Task #2 Identify HFE Tasks and Prepare the HFE Implementation Plan (HFEIP) 15 3.3 Task #3 Assist in Review and/or Development of Early Project Design Documents 16 3.4 Task #4 Select or Develop the HFE Design Standards that will be Applie
19、d to All Phases and Components of the Project 17 3.5 Task #5 Prepare/Present HFE Awareness Training Packages for Project Management, Engineering, and Construction/ Fabrication Personnel 19 3.6 Task #6 Create an HFE Tracking Database . 20 3.7 Task #7 Participate in Preparation of the Project Specific
20、ation or Statement of Work (SOW) for Contractor Support for the Design Agent for Preliminary and Detail Design Phases . 21 3.8 Task #8 Evaluate the Design Agent-provided HFEPP 22 3.9 Task #9 Participate in Selection of the Design Agent . 23 4 Preliminary Design 23 4.1 Task #10 Select or Prepare HFE
21、Design Aids 23 4.2 Task #11 Conduct Design Reviews of Design Drawings 24 4.3 Task #12 Include HFE Design Standards into Vendor Purchase Specifications 24 4.4 Task #13 Conduct Special Studies . 26 5 Detail Design . 30 5.1 Task #14 Provide General HFE Design Inputs . 31 5.2 Task #15 Conduct Facility L
22、abeling Program . 31 5.3 Task #16 Prepare or Review Operations and Maintenance Manuals . 32 5.4 Task #17 Conduct Computer Aided Design (CAD) Reviews 33 6 Construction, Fabrication, Installation, and Commissioning (CFIC) . 34 6.1 Task #18 Conduct Periodic Visits to the Construction Yard and Vendor Fa
23、brication Sites 34 6.2 Task #19 Monitor Selected Engineering Tests to Identify HFE Design Deficiencies . 34 6.3 Task #20 Monitor Commissioning Activities to Identify HFE Deficiencies . 35 6.4 Task #21 Observe Facility Installation Activities to Identify HFE Design Deficiencies . 36 ABSGUIDANCE NOTES
24、 ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING INTO THE DESIGN OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS .2014 v 7 Operations 36 7.1 Task #22 Follow-up Evaluation after Period of Operation 36 8 General Task 37 8.1 Task #23 Prepare Progress Reports 37 TABLE 1 Overview of HFE Tasks and Responsibilities . 14 APPE
25、NDIX 1 References 38 APPENDIX 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations . 39 APPENDIX 3 Example HFEIP . 40 1 Human Factors Implementation Plan Overview . 40 2 Background . 40 3 HFEIP Tasks . 41 3.1 Task #1 Provide HFE Training to Project Design/Engineering/ Management Personnel 41 3.2 Task #2 Review of Project D
26、esign Documentation/Basis for HFE Requirements 41 3.3 Task #3 Prepare HFE Design Aids for Use by Engineers and Designers 42 3.4 Task #4 Develop an HFE Tracking Database 42 3.5 Task #5 Review Engineering Drawings and Design Documents 43 3.6 Task #6 HFE Issue Conflict Resolution Strategy/Procedure 43
27、3.7 Task #7 Review Equipment Commissioning List to Determine HFE Review Priorities 44 3.8 Task #8 Vendor Hardware Design/Procurement Packages . 44 3.9 Task #9 Preparation of Stair, Ladder, Walkway, Handrail Design Standard 44 3.10 Task #10 Participate in the Design of the Fire, Gas, and General Alar
28、m System 45 3.11 Task #11 Participate in Risk and Hazard Studies/Meetings . 45 3.12 Task #12 Participate in Special Design Studies . 46 3.13 Task #13 Update and Review Materials Handling Studies . 46 3.14 Task #14 Participate in 3D CAD Reviews and Walkthroughs . 46 3.15 Task #15 Participate in the D
29、esign of the Accommodation Facilities 47 3.16 Task #16 Participate in Various Control Room Designs . 47 3.17 Task #17 Labeling Program . 47 3.18 Task #18 Conduct On-site Visits to Vendor Fabrication Facilities 48 3.19 Task #19 Conduct On-site Visits to Contractor Fabrication Facilities 48 3.20 Task
30、#20 Participate in the Development of Training Devices and Materials . 49 3.21 Task #21 Write or Review Operations and Maintenance Manuals . 49 3.22 Task #22 Prepare HFE Report for Submission to the Company . 49 vi ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING INTO THE DESIGN
31、OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS .2014 3.23 Task #23 Perform Manning Assessment Task Analysis . 50 3.24 Task #24 Establish Communications Protocols 50 3.25 Task #25 Abandon Ship Procedures and Other Emergency Procedures 50 4 Management, Organization, Submittals, and Schedule Required to Accompany an HFEIP
32、. 51 4.1 Management and Organizational Issues . 51 4.2 Submittals 51 4.3 HFE Task Schedule . 51 APPENDIX 4 Example of a List of Vendor Supplied Equipment Requiring HFE in Purchase Specifications 52 APPENDIX 5 HFE Statement to be Placed in Vendor Purchase Specifications Packages . 55 ABSGUIDANCE NOTE
33、S ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING INTO THE DESIGN OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS .2014 1 Section 1: Overview of Human Factors Engineering and Its Implementation SECTION 1 Overview of Human Factors Engineering and Its Implementation 1 Introduction Understanding human capabilities and li
34、mitations is a primary means to overcome opportunities for human error. A significant amount of research has been conducted to identify the factors that shape and influence human behavior and performance in a work environment. These factors include such diverse issues as: How the workplace is design
35、ed Human-system interfaces (e.g., ease of use and accessibility) How employees are selected for particular jobs (e.g., knowledge, skill, and ability requirements) How job aids such as operational or maintenance manuals or procedures are written and/or illustrated Human-computer interaction Physical,
36、 visual, and auditory access for maintenance and operation How company policies and practices are presented to, and enforced on, the work force Training personnel and a myriad of other human behavioral and psychosocial issues that affect personnel performance. The application of the results of this
37、research to the design of tools, equipment, tasks, workplaces, procedures, hardware, software, the working environment, and even to company/organizational design, is known as Human Factors Engineering (HFE). Those who practice in this discipline are called Human Factors Engineers, Human Factors Prof
38、essionals, or Ergonomists. HFE is a unique and specialized engineering discipline that combines specific academic education and experience of the humans behavioral (i.e., social, physiological, psychological) and physical (i.e., size, strength, endurance) capabilities and limitations with that of th
39、e traditional engineering requirements to produce a human-system interaction that maximizes the best of both. This discipline allows for the human and system to work safely and efficiently. HFE has broad areas of specialization and applicability. Therefore, for the purpose of these Guidance Notes, t
40、he focus of HFE is a domain of specialization largely concerned with human anatomical, anthropometric, physiological, behavioral, and biomechanical capabilities and limitations as they relate to human activity and the human-technology environment. There are several formal definitions of HFE, includi
41、ng the following by the International Ergonomics Association (2014): “The scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of the interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data, and methods to design in order to optimize human
42、 well-being and overall system performance” Ergonomics, which is often synonymous with HFE in Europe, tends to focus on the biomechanical, physiological, and anthropometric capabilities and limitations that humans possess as they relate to the design of systems. Section 1 Overview of Human Factors E
43、ngineering and Its Implementation 2 ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING INTO THE DESIGN OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS .2014 The general approach of HFE in mitigating human error in the workplace as a means to reduce risk to human performance and safety is as follows (in
44、order of preference): 1. Design the workplace so that human error cannot occur. 2. Design the workplace so that if an error does occur the consequences can be mitigated to an acceptable level. 3. Provide training to prevent the error. 4. Provide hazard identification labels to warn personnel of poss
45、ible hazard. 5. Write a procedure or create a company policy to attempt to prevent the error from occurring. Proper design is the preferred approach, as it is the most preventative measure to take for workplace design. The driving force behind the inclusion of HFE in the design of any offshore insta
46、llation is that efficient and safe operational performance starts with good design. To conclude, integrating HFE design practices and principles that reflect human capabilities and limitations into a design project, as discussed in these Guidance Notes, will help result in installations that are mor
47、e cost-effective, safer, and easier to operate and maintain. The earlier that HFE is integrated into a design cycle, the more cost-effective the HFE effort will become and the greater the potential impact on overall business performance. 1.1 The ABS Human Factors Engineering/Ergonomics Model: Elemen
48、ts that Enhance Human Performance and Safety Section 1, Figure 1, “ABS Human Factors Engineering/Ergonomics Model”, below, encapsulates four (4) high-level “elements” that influence safety and efficiency in job performance: vessel or offshore installation design and layout considerations, workplace
49、ambient environmental elements, management and organizational issues related to operations, and the personnel who operate the vessel or offshore installation. Insufficient attention to any of these elements may adversely affect safety, productivity, and efficiency. It is important that these elements be at the core of any HFE implementation effort. The structure and selection of activities described herein help promote this model and associated elements. FIGURE 1 ABS Human Fac
