1、 Guide for LNG Bunkering GUIDE FOR LNG BUNKERING JANUARY 2017 American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of the State of New York 1862 2016 American Bureau of Shipping. All rights reserved. ABS Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA Foreword Foreword Recently, the mar
2、ine industry has seen growing interest in the use of alternative fuels such as LNG and alternative technologies such as exhaust emission abatement equipment to meet stricter international, regional, national, and local air emissions legislation. These techniques are primarily aimed at meeting the IM
3、O Annex VI Regulations 13 and 14 requirements for nitrogen oxide emissions from diesel engines and sulfur oxide emissions from all fuel-burning equipment on board. Most LNG-fueled vessels in operation at the time of issuance of this Guide receive LNG bunkers on a relatively small scale, typically th
4、rough a shore-to-ship basis by road tankers or dedicated shore side LNG tanks. To support the further growth and development of LNG fueled vessels for short sea and international trade it is recognized that more dedicated LNG infrastructure needs to be developed; particularly small scale LNG storage
5、 and distribution centers together with dedicated LNG bunkering vessels enabling ship-to-ship LNG transfer. Furthermore, it is envisaged that greater LNG transfer rates than those typically used for refueling the current gas fueled ship fleet will be required and this will necessitate the deployment
6、 of new and additional bunkering equipment and operational practices. Accordingly, this Guide has been developed in order to outline the requirements for the design, construction and survey of liquefied gas carriers and barges fitted with dedicated LNG transfer arrangements and intended to operate i
7、n regular LNG bunkering service. While application of this Guide is optional, the LNG bunkering systems are to be designed, constructed, and tested in accordance with the requirements of this Guide when the optional LNG Bunkering notation is requested. Among other safety topics, the Guide addresses
8、bunkering station safety; lifting and hose handling equipment; control, monitoring and ESD safety systems; and emergency release systems. The optional LNG Bunkering notation detailed under 1/7.1 of this Guide may be assigned when such vessels are verified to meet the requirements of this Guide. This
9、 Guide is focused on the requirements for bunkering of LNG, the remainder of the vessel is to comply with the applicable edition of the ABS Rules. A list of relevant documentation, regulations, standards and guides is included as Appendix 1 to this Guide. This Guide becomes effective on the first da
10、y of the month of publication. Users are advised to check periodically on the ABS website www.eagle.org to verify that this version of this Guide is the most current. We welcome your feedback. Comments or suggestions can be sent electronically by email to rsdeagle.org. ii ABSGUIDE FOR LNG BUNKERING
11、.2017 Table of Contents GUIDE FOR LNG BUNKERING CONTENTS SECTION 1 General 1 1 Scope and Application 1 3 Objectives . 1 5 Definitions . 2 5.1 Breakaway Coupling . 2 5.3 Bunkering 2 5.5 Cargo Machinery Space 2 5.7 Dual Fuel Diesel Engine 2 5.9 Enclosed Space 2 5.11 Emergency Release Coupling (ERC) 2
12、5.13 Emergency Shutdown (ESD) . 2 5.15 Hazardous Area 2 5.17 Non-Hazardous Area . 2 5.19 International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code) . 2 5.21 Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) 2 5.23 Liquid Cargo Cooling . 3 5.25 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) .
13、3 5.27 LNG Containment System . 3 5.29 LNG Spraying 3 5.31 Maximum Allowable Relief Valve Setting (MARVS) 3 5.33 Natural Gas . 3 5.35 Primary Barrier 3 5.37 Purging 3 5.39 Recognized Standard 3 5.41 Re-Liquefaction Unit 3 5.43 Rules . 4 5.45 Secondary Barrier . 4 7 Classification Notations . 4 7.1 L
14、NG Bunkering 4 7.3 Vapor Return System 4 7.5 Associated Notations . 4 9 Materials of Construction 4 11 Operating and Maintenance Instruction Manuals . 4 13 Alternatives . 5 15 Certification . 5 ABSGUIDE FOR LNG BUNKERING .2017 iii SECTION 2 Vessel Arrangements and System Design . 6 1 General . 6 3 P
15、lans and Data to be Submitted . 6 5 BOG Management/Utilization, LNG Temperature Control, LNG Tank Loading and Vapor Return Management . 6 5.1 Utilization or Management of Boil-off Gas and LNG Temperature Control . 6 5.3 LNG Tank Loading . 7 5.5 Vapor Return System 7 7 Cargo Machinery Space . 7 9 LNG
16、 Bunker Station 7 11 Personnel Protection . 7 SECTION 3 LNG Bunkering Systems . 8 1 General . 8 3 Plans and Data to be Submitted . 8 5 LNG Bunkering Operation Manuals 9 7 Bunker Station 9 7.1 General 9 7.3 Manifold Design . 9 7.5 Additional Hull Protection . 9 7.7 Manifold Connections 10 7.9 Vapor R
17、eturn System, VRS Notation . 10 7.11 Electrical Bonding/Isolation 10 7.13 Fire Extinguishing Systems . 10 9 LNG Bunker Delivery 11 9.1 General 11 9.3 LNG Pumps . 11 9.5 Hoses, Bunker Transfer Systems, Lifting and Hose Handling Equipment . 11 9.7 Emergency Release System . 11 9.9 Communication Equipm
18、ent 12 11 LNG Piping System . 12 13 Inerting System . 12 15 Gas Detection . 12 17 Control, Monitoring and ESD Safety Systems 12 17.1 General 12 17.3 Control and Monitoring System . 13 17.5 ESD System 13 19 Surveys During Construction 14 19.1 General 14 19.3 Surveys at Manufacturers Facility . 14 19.
19、5 Surveys During Installation 15 19.7 Surveys During Trials 15 iv ABSGUIDE FOR LNG BUNKERING .2017 TABLE 1 Monitoring and Safety System Functions during LNG Bunkering Operations . 16 TABLE 2 Certification of LNG Bunkering Systems at Manufacturers Facility . 17 SECTION 4 Surveys After Construction an
20、d Maintenance of Class 18 1 General . 18 1.1 Definitions 18 1.3 Modifications . 18 3 Survey Intervals 18 5 Surveys . 18 7 Alternative Surveys . 18 APPENDIX 1 List of Relevant Regulations/Standards/Guides . 19 TABLE 1 List of Relevant Regulations/Standards/Guides . 19 ABSGUIDE FOR LNG BUNKERING .2017
21、 v This Page Intentionally Left Blank Section 1: General SECTION 1 General 1 Scope and Application Application of this Guide is optional. However, compliance with requirements of the Guide is compulsory when seeking the optional LNG Bunkering notation, see 1/7.1. This Guide has been developed to out
22、line the requirements for the design, construction, and survey of liquefied gas carriers and barges fitted with dedicated LNG transfer arrangements and intended to operate in regular LNG bunkering service. This Guide is focused on the requirements for bunkering of LNG, the remainder of the vessel is
23、 to comply with the applicable edition of the ABS Rules. Users of this Guide are advised that the process of bunkering LNG involves a number of interested parties, including a vessels flag Administration, national regulatory bodies and port authorities. Therefore proposals are subject to review and
24、approval by the applicable authorities with respect to installed safety equipment, operational practices, crew training, bunkering safety distances, simultaneous operations, etc. Accordingly ship designers, shipyards, ship owners/operators and other interested stakeholders are encouraged to determin
25、e the full applicable requirements and obtain the necessary approvals as early as possible in any LNG bunkering new construction or conversion project. 3 Objectives The objective of this Guide is to provide criteria for the design, construction, installation, survey and operation of LNG transfer arr
26、angements, associated machinery, equipment and systems in order to minimize risks to the vessel, crew and the environment. Detailed requirements are provided to achieve this objective in accordance with the following key principles and requirements: Vessel construction is in accordance with the ABS
27、Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels (Steel Vessel Rules), ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90 Meters (295 feet) in Length (Under 90m Rules), ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Barges (Barge Rules) or the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels for Se
28、rvice on Rivers and Intracoastal Waterways (River Rules), as applicable. LNG containment systems are designed in accordance with Chapter 4 of the IGC Code, as incorporated by Section 5C-8-4 of the Steel Vessel Rules. LNG tank pressure, temperature and loading/filling limits are maintained within the
29、 design limits of the tank at all times. Means are provided to evacuate, purge and gas free the LNG tanks. LNG tanks are in a protected location. LNG containment spaces, bunkering stations and machinery spaces containing LNG or gas processing equipment are located and arranged such that the risk of
30、any release of liquid or vapor will be minimized. Arrangements are provided for safe access during operations and inspections. LNG piping, systems and arrangements provide safe handling of liquid and vapor under all operating conditions. Means are provided to inert and gas free piping and systems. B
31、unker stations are arranged to provide compatible LNG transfer. Automation, instrumentation, monitoring and control systems are provided to minimize the risks with carriage, distibution and bunkering of LNG. Operation and maintenance manuals are provided for all LNG containment and transfer equipmen
32、t and systems covering operation, maintenance and repair procedures. ABSGUIDE FOR LNG BUNKERING .2017 1 Section 1 General 5 Definitions 5.1 Breakaway Coupling Breakaway Coupling means an LNG bunkering line coupling designed to separate at a pre-determined load to prevent damage to installed LNG tran
33、sfer equipment; typically incorporates a dry-break feature to avoid unwanted LNG release. 5.3 Bunkering Bunkering means the transfer of fuel to a vessel or facility in the form of LNG or traditional marine fuels such as residual or distillate fuel oils. 5.5 Cargo Machinery Space Cargo Machinery Spac
34、e are the spaces where cargo compressors, pumps or processing units are located. 5.7 Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Dual Fuel Diesel Engine is a diesel engine that can burn natural gas as fuel with liquid (pilot) fuel and also have the capability of running on liquid fuel only. 5.9 Enclosed Space Enclosed
35、Space means any space within which, in the absence of artificial ventilation, the ventilation will be limited and any explosive atmosphere will not be dispersed naturally. See also 4-8-4/27 of the Steel Vessel Rules. 5.11 Emergency Release Coupling (ERC) ERC means emergency release coupling; typical
36、ly incorporates a dry-break feature to avoid unwanted LNG release. May be termed PERC for powered emergency release coupling. 5.13 Emergency Shutdown (ESD) ESD means emergency shutdown. ESD (otherwise known as ESD-1) is the emergency shutdown of the LNG transfer in a controlled manner. ESD-2 is the
37、automatic activation of the Emergency Release System. For further information refer to SIGTTO “ESD Arrangements and Linked Ship/Shore Systems for Gas Carriers”. 5.15 Hazardous Area Hazardous Area means an area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is, or may be expected to be, present in quantities s
38、uch as to require special precautions for the construction, installation and use of equipment. See also 4-1-1/1.9.4 and 4-8-4/27 of the Steel Vessel Rules. 5.17 Non-Hazardous Area Non-hazardous Area means an area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not expected to be present in quantities such a
39、s to require special precautions for the construction, installation and use of equipment. 5.19 International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code) IGC Code means the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefi
40、ed Gases in Bulk, as amended. 5.21 Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) LEL means the lowest concentration (percentage) of a gas or a vapor in air capable of producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition source. 2 ABSGUIDE FOR LNG BUNKERING .2017 Section 1 General 5.23 Liquid Cargo Cooling A Liquid Ca
41、rgo Cooling system is a system that lowers the LNG temperature by an indirect cooling system, for example, by coolant circulated through coils fitted either inside the cargo tank, onto the external surface of the cargo tank or by a remote system. 5.25 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) LNG means liquefied
42、natural gas. 5.27 LNG Containment System LNG Containment System is the arrangement for containment of LNG including, as applicable, a primary and secondary barrier, associated insulation and any intervening spaces, and adjacent structure if necessary for the support of those elements. The spaces aro
43、und the LNG containment system are defined as: 5.27.1 Hold Space Hold Space is the space enclosed by the vessels structure in which a LNG containment system is located. 5.27.2 Interbarrier Space Interbarrier Space is the space between a primary and secondary barrier, whether or not completely or par
44、tially occupied by insulation or other material. 5.27.3 Insulation Space Insulation Space is the space, which may or may not be an interbarrier space, occupied wholly or in part by insulation. 5.29 LNG Spraying LNG Spraying means the process whereby LNG liquid is sprayed into the top of a LNG tank t
45、o cool the vapor phase and the tank and thereby reduce pressure in the tank. 5.31 Maximum Allowable Relief Valve Setting (MARVS) MARVS means Maximum Allowable Relief Valve setting. 5.33 Natural Gas Natural Gas (dry) is defined as gas without condensation at common operating pressures and temperature
46、s where the predominant component is methane with some ethane and small amounts of heavier hydrocarbons (mainly propane and butane). The gas composition can vary depending on the source of natural gas and the processing of the gas. 5.35 Primary Barrier Primary Barrier is the inner element designed t
47、o contain the LNG when the LNG containment system includes two boundaries. 5.37 Purging Purging is the process of introducing an inert gas, such as nitrogen, into a LNG tank, hose or piping system already in the inert condition with the objective of further reducing the existing oxygen content and/o
48、r reducing the existing hydrocarbon gas content to a level below which combustion cannot be supported if air is subsequently introduced into the system. 5.39 Recognized Standard A Recognized Standard is an international or national specification or criteria acceptable to ABS. 5.41 Re-Liquefaction Un
49、it A Re-liquefaction Unit is a system used for taking the boil-off gas from LNG tanks and condensing it in a refrigeration system. LNG is then returned to the tanks. ABSGUIDE FOR LNG BUNKERING .2017 3 Section 1 General 5.43 Rules Rules means the applicable edition of the ABS Steel Vessel Rules, Barge Rules, River Rules, Under 90m Rules, etc. 5.45 Secondary Barrier Secondary Barrier is the liquid-resisting outer element of a LNG containment system designed to afford temporary containment of any envisaged leakage of LNG through the primary barrier and to prevent the
