1、 Guide for Use of Lithium Batteries in the Marine and Offshore Industries GUIDE FOR USE OF LITHIUM BATTERIES IN THE MARINE AND OFFSHORE INDUSTRIES MAY 2017 American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of the State of New York 1862 2017 American Bureau of Shipping. All rights reserv
2、ed. ABS Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA Foreword Foreword ABS recognizes the increasing use of batteries in the marine and offshore industries and their benefits. Lithium batteries, as the dominant rechargeable battery, exhibit favorable characteristics such as high energy density
3、, lightweight, faster charging, low self-discharging rate, and low memory effect. The development of lithium batteries for large energy applications is still relatively new, especially in the marine and offshore industry. ABS has produced this Guide to provide requirements and reference standards to
4、 facilitate effective installation and operation of lithium battery systems. The purpose of this Guide is to establish safety guidelines for owners, operators, shipyards, designers, and manufacturers. The lithium battery types covered by this Guide include lithium-ion, lithium-alloy, lithium metal,
5、and lithium polymer types. For requirements applicable to conventional battery types (such as lead-acid, alkaline, etc.), please refer to the requirements in Part 4 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels. For requirements applicable to batteries used in underwater vehicles, please
6、refer to the requirements in Subsection 10/11 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Underwater Vehicles, Systems and Hyperbaric Facilities. Battery technology is continuously evolving with respect to battery chemistries and designs. Alternative arrangements or battery technologies may be consid
7、ered provided it can be shown, through either satisfactory service experience or a systematic analysis based on sound engineering principles, to meet the overall safety standards of this Guide and the ABS Rules. This Guide becomes effective on the first day of the month of publication. Users are adv
8、ised to check periodically on the ABS website www.eagle.org to verify that this version of this Guide is the most current. We welcome your feedback. Comments or suggestions can be sent electronically by email to rsdeagle.org. ii ABSGUIDE FOR USE OF LITHIUM BATTERIES IN THE MARINE AND OFFSHORE INDUST
9、RIES .2017 Table of Contents GUIDE FOR USE OF LITHIUM BATTERIES IN THE MARINE AND OFFSHORE INDUSTRIES CONTENTS SECTION 1 General 1 1 Introduction . 1 3 Application 1 5 Scope 1 7 Terminology 1 9 Abbreviations and Acronyms 3 11 References 3 11.1 ABS . 3 11.3 IEC References . 3 11.5 Other References 4
10、11.7 Alternative Standards 4 13 Data and Plans to be Submitted . 4 13.1 General 4 15 Plans to be Kept On board 5 15.1 General 5 FIGURE 1 Battery Storage System 2 SECTION 2 Battery System Design and Construction 6 1 Battery System Design and Construction . 6 1.1 General 6 1.3 Control, Monitoring, Ala
11、rm and Safety Systems 6 3 Battery Chargers . 7 5 Battery Management System (BMS) 7 SECTION 3 Battery System Installation . 8 1 Battery System Testing Requirements . 8 3 Battery Space . 8 3.1 Fire Safety . 9 3.3 Hazardous Area Requirements . 9 5 Battery System Risk Analysis . 10 ABSGUIDE FOR USE OF L
12、ITHIUM BATTERIES IN THE MARINE AND OFFSHORE INDUSTRIES .2017 iii 7 Battery System Operation and Maintenance 10 7.1 Installation and Commissioning . 10 7.3 Operation and Maintenance 10 TABLE 1 Summary of Type and Routine Tests . 8 SECTION 4 Battery System Used as Main Source of Electrical Power . 11
13、1 General . 11 3 System Requirements . 11 3.1 Redundancy 11 3.3 Capacity . 11 3.5 Power Management System (PMS) . 11 3.7 Protective Systems 11 3.9 Monitoring 11 3.11 Fire Protection . 12 3.13 Trials 12 SECTION 5 Battery System Surveys 13 1 General . 13 3 Surveys During Construction 13 5 Surveys Afte
14、r Construction . 14 5.1 Survey Intervals . 14 5.3 Annual Surveys . 14 5.5 Special Periodical Surveys 14 APPENDIX 1 Commentary on Batteries 15 1 General . 15 3 Battery Type 15 3.1 Battery Categories . 15 3.3 Lithium-ion Battery Basis . 15 5 Battery Use . 16 iv ABSGUIDE FOR USE OF LITHIUM BATTERIES IN
15、 THE MARINE AND OFFSHORE INDUSTRIES .2017 Section 1: General SECTION 1 General 1 Introduction ABS recognizes the increasing use of batteries in the marine and offshore industries and the benefits they can bring to operations. This Guide has been developed to facilitate the effective installation and
16、 operation of lithium batteries. This Guide is to be used in conjunction with and as a supplement to Part 4 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels (Steel Vessel Rules) and the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU Rules), as applicable. The basic
17、safety principles such as having sufficient power generation (storage) capacity, having adequate standby and emergency power sources, arrangements to have continuity of supply in the event of a fault, general electrical safety (such as proper cable sizing, appropriate insulation, appropriate equipme
18、nt enclosure ratings, etc.) contained in the ABS Rules are to be followed in general. These specific requirements are not repeated in this Guide. 3 Application This Guide is applicable to marine and offshore assets designed, constructed, or retrofitted with a lithium battery system used as an additi
19、onal source of power with a capacity greater than 25 kWh. An optional notation (BATTERY-Li) may be granted to those assets once the battery installation has complied with the requirements of this Guide. When batteries are being used as the main source of power, the additional requirements set forth
20、in Section 4 are to be met. When Type Approval for a lithium battery system is requested, applicants should contact ABS for the approval process. For ABS Type Approval Program requirements, please refer to Appendix 4-1-A3 of the Steel Vessel Rules. 5 Scope Lithium battery types covered by this Guide
21、 include lithium-ion, lithium-alloy, lithium metal, and lithium polymer types. For requirements related to conventional battery types, please refer to 4-8-3/5.9 of the Steel Vessel Rules or 4-3-3/3.7 of the MODU Rules. For requirements related to the use of batteries in underwater vehicles, please r
22、efer to Subsection 10/11 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Underwater Vehicles, Systems and Hyperbaric Facilities. Battery technology is a field that is continuously evolving with respect to battery chemistries and designs. Alternative battery technologies and arrangements may be considered
23、 provided it can be shown, through either satisfactory service experience or a systematic analysis based on sound engineering principles, to meet the overall safety standards of this Guide and the ABS Rules. 7 Terminology Primary Cell/Battery. A cell or battery that can only be discharged once. It i
24、s not designed to be rechargeable and is usually protected from a charging current. Secondary Cell/Battery. A cell or battery that is intended to be subjected to numerous charge and discharge cycles in accordance with manufacturers recommendations. Battery Management System. Electronic system associ
25、ated with a battery module/pack that has functions to cut off in case of overcharge, overcurrent, over-discharge, and overheating. It monitors and/or manages its state, calculates secondary data, reports that data, and/or controls its environment to influence the batterys safety, performance, and/or
26、 service life. IEC 62619 ABSGUIDE FOR USE OF LITHIUM BATTERIES IN THE MARINE AND OFFSHORE INDUSTRIES .2017 1 Section 1 General Battery Cell. The basic functional electrochemical unit containing an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, and terminals that is a source of electrical energy by insertion/e
27、xtraction reactions of lithium ions or oxidation/reduction reaction of lithium between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. It is not ready for use in an application since it is not yet fitted with its final housing, terminal arrangement, and electronic control device(s). UL 1642 Batte
28、ry Module. A group of cells connected together in a series and/or parallel configuration with or without protective devices and monitoring circuitry. IEC 62620 Battery Pack. Energy storage device that is comprised of one or more cells or modules electrically connected. It has a monitoring circuitry
29、that provides information to a battery system. IEC 62620 Battery System (Array). System comprised of one or more cells, modules, or battery packs. It has a battery management system to cut off in case of overcharge, overcurrent, over-discharge, and overheating. FIGURE 1 Battery Storage System Batter
30、y Space (Compartment). The space in which the battery system is physically located. A typical battery space (compartment) is illustrated in the ABS Advisory on Hybrid Electric Power Systems. Battery String. A number of battery cells or modules are connected in series to produce the same voltage leve
31、l of the battery system. Cell Balancing. The mechanism of forcing all battery cells within a battery module to have identical voltages. Cell balancing is achieved by means of a “balancing circuit” (usually implemented as part of the Battery Management System). In the absence of a balancing circuit,
32、one or more cells (as a result of ageing differently over its lifetime) may become under-charged or overcharged, either of which can lead to a failure of the battery module. Cell balancing is not an instantaneous process and requires some time for its completion. Power Management System (PMS). A com
33、plete switchboard and generator control system controls power generation and distribution including multiple switchboards and ring bus systems. The PMS on board a vessel is responsible for functions such as load sharing among different power sources, load shedding when generated power is insufficien
34、t, etc. Rated Capacity. The capacity value of a cell or battery determined under specified conditions and declared by the manufacturer. IEC 62620 Capacity is usually measured in Ampere-hours (Ah). State of Charge (SOC). Available capacity in a battery expressed as a percentage of rated capacity. IEC
35、 62660-1 2 ABSGUIDE FOR USE OF LITHIUM BATTERIES IN THE MARINE AND OFFSHORE INDUSTRIES .2017 Section 1 General State of Health (SOH). An indication of the general condition of a battery compared to its ideal conditions (i.e., a new battery). The unit of SOH are percent points (100% = the batterys co
36、nditions match the batterys specifications). Thermal Runaway. The condition where the rate of heat generation within a battery component exceeds its heat dissipation capacity. Thermal runaway can have many causes, such as overcharging, high ambient operating temperatures, etc., and can lead to a cat
37、astrophic or destructive failure of the battery cell. 9 Abbreviations and Acronyms The following abbreviations and acronyms are applied to the terms used in this Guide: ABS: American Bureau of Shipping BMS: Battery Management System CONOPS: Concept of Operations DPS: Dynamic Positioning System ESD:
38、Emergency Shutdown IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission NAVSEA: Naval Sea Systems Command FFES: Fixed Fire Extinguishing System PMS: Power Management System SOC: State of Charge SOH: State of Health SOLAS: Safety of Life at Sea UL: Underwriters Laboratories UPS: Uninterruptible Power Syste
39、ms 11 References 11.1 ABS ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels (Steel Vessel Rules) ABS Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU Rules) ABS Rules for Building and Classing Underwater Vehicles, Systems and Hyperbaric Facilities ABS Guide for Dynamic Positionin
40、g Systems ABS Guidance Notes On Alternative Design and Arrangements for Fire Safety ABS Advisory on Hybrid Electric Power Systems 11.3 IEC References IEC 60079-10-1: Explosive atmospheres Part 10-1: Classification of areas Explosive gas atmospheres IEC 62619: Secondary Cells and Batteries Containing
41、 Alkaline or Other Non-Acid Electrolytes Safety Requirements for Secondary Lithium Cells and Batteries, For Use in Industrial Applications IEC 62620: Secondary Cells and Batteries Containing Alkaline or Other Non-Acid Electrolytes Secondary Lithium Cells and Batteries for Use in Industrial Applicati
42、ons IEC 62660 Series: Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles IEC 62281: Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport ABSGUIDE FOR USE OF LITHIUM BATTERIES IN THE MARINE AND OFFSHORE INDUSTRIES .2017 3 Section 1 General 11.5 Other Refe
43、rences UL 1642: Standard for Safety of Lithium Batteries UL 2054: Standard for Household and Commercial Batteries NAVSEA TM-S9310-AW-SAF-010: US Navy Technical Manual for Batteries, Navy Lithium Safety Program Responsibilities and Procedures NAVSEA SG270-BV-SAF-010: High-Energy Storage System Safety
44、 Manual SOLAS: International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea IMO: International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG), Dangerous Goods List, Substance Details UN 3481, Lithium Ion Batteries Contained in Equipment (including lithium ion polymer batteries), 1/2/2013 USCG 46 CFR Subchapter J, Electr
45、ical Engineering 11.7 Alternative Standards Battery systems for which there are specific requirements in this Guide, may comply with the requirements of an alternative standard, in lieu of the requirements in the Guide, subject to such standard being determined by ABS as not less effective than the
46、Guide. Where applicable, requirements may be imposed by ABS in addition to those contained in the alternative standard to meet the intent of the Guide. In all cases, the battery system is subject to design review, survey during construction, tests, and trials, as applicable, by ABS for purposes of v
47、erification of its compliance with the alternative standard. 13 Data and Plans to be Submitted 13.1 General At a minimum, the following drawings and data are to be submitted to ABS for review: i) Test reports, in accordance with 4-9-8/Tables 1 and 2 of the Steel Vessel Rules and Subsection 3/1 of th
48、is Guide ii) Battery Management System (BMS) functional description and test reports, as per Subsection 2/5 iii) Battery System technical specifications such as nominal voltage and operational limits (e.g., voltage, current, and temperature), safety devices, cell/batteries configuration, battery che
49、mistry, method of activation, discharge and recharge rates for the batteries, etc. iv) Battery System capacity calculation for intended application v) Battery System electrical schematic drawing (block diagram with system interface) vi) Emergency Shutdown (ESD) arrangement vii) Battery System location and arrangement plan viii) Battery System Risk Analysis document (i.e., Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and the associated sea-trial/commissioning safety procedures (i.e., Design Verification Test Procedures (DVTP) and Periodic Safety Test Procedures (PSTP)
