1、 Guide for Alternative Requirements for Hull Construction of Vessels Intended to Carry Vehicles (130 Meters or More in Length) GUIDE FOR ALTERNATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION OF VESSELS INTENDED TO CARRY VEHICLES (130 METERS OR MORE IN LENGTH) SEPTEMBER 2017 American Bureau of Shipping Inco
2、rporated by Act of Legislature of the State of New York 1862 2017 American Bureau of Shipping. All rights reserved. ABS Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA Foreword Foreword This Guide provides alternative requirements to Part 5C, Chapter 10 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing
3、Steel Vessels (Steel Vessel Rules) for hull construction of vessels intended to carry vehicles, which can be applied to receive the classification notation null A1 Vehicle Carrier. The classification notation SH, SHCM, will only be granted when the design is based on the criteria of this Guide. This
4、 Guide reflects industry trends by including requirements based on ABS SafeHull, total strength assessment, and hull girder ultimate strength. This Guide becomes effective on the first day of the month of publication. After a certain period of trial use, the criteria contained in this Guide will be
5、incorporated and published in the Steel Vessel Rules. ABS encourages and welcomes at any time the submission of comments on this Guide. Users are advised to check periodically on the ABS website www.eagle.org to verify that this version of this Guide is the most current. We welcome your feedback. Co
6、mments or suggestions can be sent electronically by email to rsdeagle.org. ii ABSGUIDE FOR ALTERNATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLE CARRIERS .2017 Table of Contents GUIDE FOR ALTERNATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION OF VESSELS INTENDED TO CARRY VEHICLES (130 METERS OR MORE IN
7、LENGTH) CONTENTS SECTION 1 Introduction 1 1 General . 1 1.1 Classification . 1 1.3 Optional Class Notation for Design Fatigue Life 1 1.5 Application . 1 1.7 Internal Members 2 1.9 Breaks . 3 1.11 Additional Plans and Documents to be Submitted . 3 1.13 Units 3 FIGURE 1 . 2 SECTION 2 Design Considerat
8、ion and General Requirements 4 1 General Requirements 4 1.1 General 4 1.3 Initial Scantling Criteria 4 1.5 Total Strength Assessment Failure Modes . 4 SECTION 3 Dynamic Load Criteria . 5 1 General . 5 3 Definitions . 5 3.1 Symbols . 5 3.3 Coordinate Systems 6 5 Vertical Wave-induced Bending Moment 7
9、 7 Vertical Wave-induced Shear Force . 8 9 Horizontal Wave Bending Moment . 10 11 External Pressure . 11 13 Internal Pressure . 13 13.1 Ship Motions and Accelerations 13 13.3 Deck Load . 14 13.5 Internal Pressure Formula for Strength Assessment . 15 ABSGUIDE FOR ALTERNATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR HULL CON
10、STRUCTION OF VEHICLE CARRIERS .2017 iii TABLE 1 koCoefficient 12 FIGURE 1 Tank Coordinate System for Internal Pressure . 7 FIGURE 2 Distribution Factor for Vertical Wave-induced Bending Moment mv. 8 FIGURE 3 Distribution Factor for Shear Forces F1. 9 FIGURE 4 Distribution Factor for Shear Forces F2.
11、 9 FIGURE 5 Distribution Factor for Horizontal Wave-induced Bending Moment mh10 FIGURE 6 Pressure Distribution Function ko. 12 FIGURE 7 External Pressure Calculation Points 13 SECTION 4 Initial Scantling Criteria . 16 1 Longitudinal Strength 16 1.1 General 16 1.3 Bending Moments and Shear Forces 16
12、1.5 Hull Girder Shearing Strength 16 1.7 Buckling Strength. 16 1.9 Hull Girder Ultimate Strength . 16 3 Bottom Structure . 17 5 Side Construction 17 5.1 Shell Plating . 17 5.3 Side Framing . 20 7 Deck Structure 24 9 Web Frames and Stringers . 24 11 Plating, Stiffeners, Girders, and Webs on Watertigh
13、t Boundaries 24 13 Plating, Stiffeners, Girders, and Webs on Deep Tank Boundaries 24 15 Evaluation of Grouped Stiffeners 24 17 Slamming 24 FIGURE 1 Unsupported Span of Longitudinals 21 FIGURE 2 Effective Breadth of Plating be. 23 SECTION 5 Total Strength Assessment . 25 1 General . 25 3 Standard Des
14、ign Load Cases . 25 3.1 Standard Design Load Cases for Cargo Hold FE Analysis 25 3.3 Standard Design Load Cases for Global FE Analysis 25 3.5 Standard Design Load Cases for Fatigue Strength Assessment by Global FE Analysis 26 TABLE 1 Standard Design Load Cases for Yielding and Buckling Strength Asse
15、ssment 27 TABLE 2 Standard Design Load Cases for Global FE analysis and Fatigue Strength Assessment . 28 iv ABSGUIDE FOR ALTERNATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLE CARRIERS .2017 FIGURE 1 Direction of Internal Pressure due to Acceleration . 28 FIGURE 2 Loading Pattern (Cargo Hold FE A
16、nalysis) . 29 FIGURE 3 Loading Pattern (Global FE Analysis) . 33 SECTION 6 Acceptance Criteria 34 1 General . 34 3 Symbols 34 5 Yielding Failure Mode . 34 5.1 Field Stress . 34 5.3 Local Stress . 34 5.5 Hot-Spot Stress . 35 5.7 Allowable Stresses for Watertight Boundaries . 35 5.9 Allowable Stresses
17、 for Main Supporting Members and Structural Details . 35 7 Failure Criteria Buckling and Ultimate Strength . 36 7.1 General 36 7.3 Plate Panels 37 7.5 Longitudinals, Stiffeners and Pillars 39 7.7 Deep Girders and Webs 40 9 Fatigue Damage . 42 9.1 General 42 9.3 Procedures 43 9.5 Spectral Analysis .
18、43 TABLE 1 Allowable Stresses for Watertight Boundaries 35 TABLE 2 Allowable Stresses for Various Finite Element Mesh Size . 36 FIGURE 1 Coordinate System for Buckling Strength Evaluation . 42 APPENDIX 1 Structural Modeling and Analysis 44 1 General . 44 3 Overview of Strength Assessment 44 5 Struct
19、ural Idealization . 44 5.1 Structural Modeling Principles . 44 5.3 Finite Element Modeling 46 5.5 Finite Element Modeling for Critical Structural Areas 46 5.7 Finite Element Modeling for Critical Structural Details . 47 7 Boundary Constraints for Local and Hull Girder Sub Load Cases . 47 7.1 Local S
20、ub Load Cases 47 7.3 Hull Girder Sub Load Cases 47 9 Boundary Constrains and for Load Cases LCG1 and LCG2 49 11 Overall Check of Finite Element Results 49 13 Documentation of Strength Assessment for Classification Review 50 ABSGUIDE FOR ALTERNATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLE CARRI
21、ERS .2017 v FIGURE 1 Finite Element Models for Typical Midship Cargo Hold Structures 45 FIGURE 2 Boundary Constraints for Local Sub Load Cases . 48 FIGURE 3 Boundary Constraints for Hull Girder Sub Load Cases 48 FIGURE 4 Boundary Constraints for Sub Load Cases LCG1 and LCG2 . 49 APPENDIX 2 Calculati
22、on of Critical Buckling Stresses . 51 1 General . 51 3 Rectangular Plates 51 5 Longitudinals and Stiffeners 54 5.1 Axial Compression . 54 5.3 Torsional/Flexural Buckling 54 7 Deep Girders, Webs and Stiffened Brackets 56 7.1 Critical Buckling Stresses of Web Plates and Large Brackets . 56 7.3 Effects
23、 of Cut-outs . 56 7.5 Tripping 57 9 Stiffness and Proportions 58 9.1 Stiffness of Longitudinals . 58 9.3 Stiffness of Web Stiffeners 58 9.5 Stiffness of Supporting Members . 58 9.7 Proportions of Flanges and Face Plates 59 9.9 Proportions of Webs of Longitudinals and Stiffeners . 59 TABLE 1 Buckling
24、 Coefficient. 52 FIGURE 1 Dimensions and Properties of Stiffeners 56 APPENDIX 3 Rule Based Fatigue Strength Assessment 60 1 General . 60 1.1 Note . 60 1.3 Applicability 60 1.5 Loadings 60 1.7 Effects of Corrosion . 60 3 Connections to be Considered for the Fatigue Strength Assessment. 60 3.1 General
25、 60 3.3 Guidance on Locations 61 5 Fatigue Damage Calculation . 67 5.1 Assumptions 67 5.3 Criteria . 68 5.5 Long Term Stress Distribution Parameter, 68 5.7 Fatigue Damage 68 7 Fatigue Inducing Loads and Load Combination Cases 71 7.1 General 71 7.3 Wave-induced Loads Load Components 71 7.5 Combinatio
26、ns of Load Cases for Fatigue Assessment 71 vi ABSGUIDE FOR ALTERNATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLE CARRIERS .2017 9 Nominal Stress Approach . 71 9.1 General 71 9.3 Total Stress Range for Longitudinals 72 9.5 Hull Girder Bending Stress fd1 72 9.7 Additional Secondary Stresses fd2 .
27、72 9.9 Flat Bar Stiffener for Longitudinals 76 11 Hot Spot Stress Approach with Finite Element Analysis 80 11.1 Introduction 80 11.3 Calculation of Dynamic Stress Range on an Individual Element . 80 11.5 Calculation of Hot Spot Stress at a Weld Toe . 80 11.7 Calculation of Hot Spot Stress at the Edg
28、e of Cut-out or Bracket 82 TABLE 1 Fatigue Classification for Structural Details 63 FIGURE 1 Hold Frames 61 FIGURE 2 Connection between Inner Bottom and Hopper Tank. 62 FIGURE 3 Hatch Corner . 62 FIGURE 4 Doublers and Non-load Carrying Members on Deck or Shell Plating 63 FIGURE 5 Basic Design S-N Cu
29、rves . 70 FIGURE 6 Cn= Cn() . 75 FIGURE 7 Fatigue Classification for Longitudinals in way of Flat Bar Stiffener . 78 FIGURE 8 Cut-outs (Slots) For Longitudinal 79 FIGURE 9 . 81 FIGURE 10 . 82 ABSGUIDE FOR ALTERNATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLE CARRIERS .2017 vii This Page Intentio
30、nally Left Blank Section 1: IntroductionSECTION 1 Introduction 1 General 1.1 Classification In accordance with the requirements found in 1-1-3/3 of the ABS Rules for Conditions of Classification (Part 1) and 5C-10-1/1 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels (Steel Vessel Rules), the
31、 classification notation null A1 Vehicle Carrier is to be assigned to vessels with ro-ro cargo spaces or vehicle spaces designed for carriage of unoccupied vehicles without cargo and built to the requirements of this Guide and other relevant sections of the Steel Vessel Rules. In addition, the class
32、ification notation SH, SHCM is to be assigned to vessels complying with this Guide. 1.3 Optional Class Notation for Design Fatigue Life Vessels designed and built to the requirements in this Guide and other relevant requirements of the Rules are intended to have a structural fatigue life of not less
33、 than 20 years. Where a vessels design calls for a fatigue life in excess of the minimum design fatigue life of 20 years, the optional class notation FL (year) will be assigned at the request of the applicant. This vessel is eligible for the notation provided the excess design fatigue life is verifi
34、ed to be in compliance with the criteria in Appendix 3, “Rule-based Fatigue Strength Assessment” of this Guide. Only one design fatigue life value is published for the entire structural system. Where differing design fatigue life values are intended for different structural elements within the vesse
35、l, the (year) refers to the least of the varying target lives. The design fatigue life refers to the target value set by the applicant, not the value calculated in the analysis. The notation FL (year) denotes that the design fatigue life assessed according to Appendix 3 is greater than the minimum d
36、esign fatigue life of 20 years. The (year) refers to the fatigue life equal to 25 years or more (in 5-year increments) as specified by the applicant. The fatigue life will be identified in the Record by the notation FL (year) (e.g., FL(30) if the minimum design fatigue life assessed is 30 years). 1.
37、5 Application 1.5.1 General Due to the similarity of structural arrangements, this Guide has many cross-references to the general requirements for hull construction in Part 3 of the Steel Vessel Rules, specifically the requirements found in Part 5C, Chapter 10 of the Steel Vessel Rules for vessels i
38、ntended to carry vehicles. These cross-references are presented in a simple format throughout the Guide in order to provide quick reference to the users, (i.e., 1-2-3/4.5.6 of the Rules denotes Part 1, Chapter 2, Section 3/Subparagraph 4.5.6 of the Rules). 1.5.2 Size and Proportion The requirements
39、contained in this Guide are applicable to vehicle carriers for unrestricted service, having lengths of 130 meters (427 feet) or more, and having parameters within the ranges as specified in 3-2-1/1 of the Steel Vessel Rules. 1.5.3 Direct Calculations The hull structure and critical structural detail
40、s are to comply with the requirements of the Dynamic Loading Approach and Spectral Fatigue Analysis. For analysis using the Dynamic Loading Approach, acceptance of an equivalent method can be considered by ABS. The racking stress of hull structure and critical details are to be evaluated using a ful
41、l ship finite element model. ABSGUIDE FOR ALTERNATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLE CARRIERS .2017 1 Section 1 Introduction At the request of the Owner, the vessel will be identified in the Record by the notations SH-DLA and SFA. 1.5.4 SafeHull Construction Monitoring Program For the
42、 class notation SH, SHCM, a Construction Monitoring Plan for critical areas, prepared in accordance with the requirements of Part 5C, Appendix 1 of the Steel Vessel Rules, is to be submitted for approval prior to commencement of fabrication. See Part 5C Appendix 1, “SafeHull Construction Monitoring
43、Program” of the Steel Vessel Rules. 1.7 Internal Members 1.7.1 Section Properties of Structural Members The geometric properties of structural members may be calculated directly from the dimensions of the section and the associated effective plating (see 3-1-2/13.3 of the Steel Vessel Rules or Secti
44、on 5, Figure 3 of this Guide, as applicable). For structural members with angle (see Section 1, Figure 1) between web and associated plating not less than 75 degrees, the section modulus, web sectional area, and moment of inertia of the standard ( = 90 degrees) section may be used without modificati
45、on. Where the angle is less than 75 degrees, the sectional properties are to be directly calculated about an axis parallel to the associated plating (see Section 1, Figure 1). For longitudinals, frames and stiffeners, the section modulus may be obtained by the following equation: SM = SM90where = 1.
46、45 40.5/ SM90= section modulus at = 90 degrees 1.7.2 Detailed Design The detail design of internals is to follow the guidance given in 3-1-2/15 of the Steel Vessel Rules. For more information, see Appendix 3 “Rule Based Fatigue Strength Assessment” of this Guide. FIGURE 1 = 90dwStandarddw2 ABSGUIDE
47、FOR ALTERNATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLE CARRIERS .2017 Section 1 Introduction 1.9 Breaks Special care is to be taken to provide structural reinforcements against local stresses at the ends of the cargo hold spaces, superstructures, etc., and throughout the structure in general.
48、 The main longitudinal bulkheads are to be suitably tapered at their ends. Where effective longitudinal bulkheads are provided in the poop or deckhouse, they are to be located such as to provide effective continuity between the structure in way of and beyond the main cargo spaces. 1.11 Additional Pl
49、ans and Documents to be Submitted In addition to information called for elsewhere in this Guide, plans and documents describing the following are to be submitted for review: Arrangement of the bow or stern ramps and movable decks, if any Information on masses of ramps and movable decks, if any Arrangement of connections of ramps, lifting, and/or hoisting appliances to the hull structures, with indication of design loads (amplitude and direction) Arrangements of hydraulic jacks connections to the hull, if fitted Plans and documents describing the follo
